Abstract: By expanding a plastic pipe while it is still hot and expandable and thereafter shrinking the so-expanded pipe to a defined point of shrinkage where the pipe is cooled, e.g., by a water spray, it is possible to produce pipes of any diameter within a range using only one extruder die orifice. The expansion and shrinking is carried out using a double cone external mandrel. The process of the invention has the advantage of allowing the production of plastic pipe of any diameter specified by a customer without having to change the die orifice of the extruder.

Abstract: Forming plates for the extrusion of foam from a slot die are provided which are adjustable in relationship to a generally adjacent die face. A movable plate portion is disposed adjacent the die face. The movable portion has a semi-cylindrical groove disposed therein. A pivoting forming plate having half-round edges has one edge disposed within the movable plate. The opposed half-round edge of the pivoting plate rests in a semi-cylindrical groove within a fixed forming plate. A similar opposed plate arrangement is employed on the opposite side of the die slot.

Abstract: Basic thioethers of the formulaR--A--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --Zwherein R is p-R.sup.5 -S-phenyl or 2-dibenzothienyl; A is --CHR.sup.3 --CHR.sup.4 --, --CR.sup.3 (OH)--CHR.sup.4 --, --CHR.sup.3 --CR.sup.4 (OH)-- or --CR.sup.3 .dbd.CR.sup.4 --; Z is --NR.sup.1 R.sup.2, 1-imidazolyl or 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl; n is 1, 2 or 3; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each is H, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms or together form alkylene of 4-7 ring carbon atoms, or form 3-oxapentamethylene; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and each is H, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms or phenyl; R.sup.5 is an unsubstituted phenyl or benzyl group or a phenyl or benzyl group substituted with 1 or 2 of halogen, nitro, amino and/or alkoxy of 1-4 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, or cycloalkyl of 3-7 ring carbon atoms, with the proviso that R.sup.5 is alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, or cycloalkyl of 3-7 ring carbon atoms when A is --CHR.sup.3 --CH.sub.2 -- and Z is 1-imidazolyl possess valuable pharmacological properties.

Abstract: A sweep ell production apparatus (10) receives extruded plastic pipe (98) from an extruder (96). The plastic pipe (98) is passed through a curved sizing sleeve (100) which imparts a curvature to the plastic pipe (98) while at the same time sizing the pipe wall thicknesses and exterior diameter. After the pipe (98) passes through the sizing sleeve (100) a clamp (84) is secured about the periphery of the pipe (98). The clamp (84) is driven by means of a motor (34) which causes the clamp (84) to travel along an arc (112) which corresponds with the radius of curvature of the sizing sleeve (100). As the clamp (84) draws pipe (98) along the arc (112) of travel, the pipe (98) is set to have the desired radius of curvature. After a selected arc length of pipe (98) is produced, the pipe section is cut to produce the desired sweep ell.

Abstract: A method of molding a tubular laminate comprising joining flows of a plurality of thermoplasticized resins together to prepare a laminated composite flow having two side edges, and then passing the composite flow having two side edges through an annular extrusion die to abut both side edges of the respective layers to each other in the die, thereby forming an integrated tubular flow.

Abstract: A novel method and apparatus for making elastomer sheet utilizing a novel extruder in combination with novel calendering apparatus.

Abstract: An extruder control arrangement in which the time taken to deliver a known quantity of extrudate is maintained within closely controlled limits by feedback circuit which controls the rate at which plastics material is fed to the extruder.

Abstract: A foam extrusion apparatus employs one or more extruders mounted on horizontal rails for movement toward and away from the end of a vacuum chamber which is in the form of an elongated inclined barometric leg. The upper end of the chamber is closed by two, substantially concentric in the closed position, substantial bulkheads, each also supported on rails and held in an inclined position to close the upper end of the chamber when moved; one against the chamber and the other against the one. A die is positioned on the inside of the other or smaller bulkhead and aligned with the leg when closed. The extruders are connected to the die through a length of pipe extending through the smaller bulkhead and sealed by a bellows. A shaping mechanism is supported on the interior of the one or larger bulkhead surrounding the die when both bulkheads close the upper end of the inclined barometric leg or vacuum chamber. The die is adjustable externally of the bulkhead.

Abstract: A process and die are disclosed for preparing a foamed article of thermoplastic resin having a particular cross section configuration. The die of the invention is provided with a plurality of apertures in its face through which the resin is discharged. The apertures in the face of the die are distributed in a shape corresponding to the cross section of the foamed article which is produced. The apertures are further divided into a plurality of groups in which there is at least one zone which is void of apertures so that the apertures in the same group are actually restricted to a narrow band. The zone on the surface of the die which is void of apertures has a thickness more than twice the average distance between two adjacent apertures belonging to the same group.

Abstract: A high density extruded product is continuously produced in a one step operation by first cold compressing granulated powder material in a bore into a pellet by means of a plunger reciprocable into the bore, then pushing it by the force of succeeding pellets further down the bore into a hot press zone where the pellet is sintered, and finally pushing it through an uncooled orifice into a cooling zone. The hot press zone may be heated by means of an induction heating coil. The die may be made up of a plurality of interchangable die pieces.

Abstract: An apparatus for the manufacture of transversely contoured tubing from thermoplastic material. The tube emerges in the plastic state from an extrusion nozzle and is guided into a mold composed of a plurality of mold sections in series, with inner side working surfaces forming the transverse contours. Each of the mold sections is composed of two mold halves which are arrayed along a straight molding run in two confronting rows and which are circulated. In the circulation, the first two mold halves are moved apart and out of the molding run at the end of the molding run and are guided to a return run on which they are separately returned to the beginning of the molding run where they are rejoined to the preceding mold half. The mold halves are guided on the return run in a continuous, accelerated and then decelerated movement by a transfer mechanism which couples and uncouples from the mold halves as actuated by pneumatic cylinders under the control of limit switches.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for continuously vulcanizing unsheathed and unvulcanized elastomeric or plastomeric material by passing the material through an enclosure, within which it is subjected to vulcanizing conditions, in the form of a helix, the helix convolutions in part contacting a drive member and idler member and in part being freely suspended. A resilient elastomeric diaphragm is disposed on the surface of one of the said members.

Abstract: A retreading envelope is made by extruding a split tube of rubber which is passed over a rotating stretching wheel to stretch the split tube to a predetermined shape. The stretched split tube is removed from the stretching wheel after moving around a part of the circumference thereof and is turned inside out and placed on a table whereat it is formed and cut into an annular shape preparatory to completion of the retreading envelope.

Abstract: An apparatus of this invention can automatically produce flower-shaped decorations which may be used to decorate cakes. The apparatus substantially is characterized by a flower forming mechanism which comprises a cylinder into which a desired amount of raw material such as cream is charged, a pattern plate provided with a plurality of inclined apertures, a piston rod which extrudes the raw material through the pattern plate, means to form a stem portion of the flower and means to cut off the flower.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing heat transfer tubes for use in evaporators and coolers for freezers, air conditioning units, refrigerators, and the like, with close machining tolerances. It forms cavities, with small openings communicating them with the outside, on the inside of a tube, through three steps of forming a multiplicity of alternate grooves and ribs in parallel on the inner surface of the tube, forming cuts in the concentrically directed crests of the ribs, and then forcing the crests sidewise so that the crest of each rib is bent down onto an intermediate part of the adjacent rib to form a cavity in between.

Abstract: A metering pump whose speed is controlled in accordance with product data is provided between an extrusion press and the extrusion die. The speed of the worm is controlled by a pressure/speed regulator and the temperature at the outlet side of the press is maintained constant within .+-.10.degree. C.

Abstract: The process modifies the thickness of the wall of a tube of thermoplastic material which issues at constant speed from an extruder and is driven downstream of and in the extension of the extruder by a drawing machine. The drawing machine has motorized rolling members which frictionally drive the tube and permit modifying the speed at which the tube is driven. The thickness of the wall is modified by producing a relative movement of translation between the extruder and drawing machine while maintaining the speed of rotation of the rolling members.

Abstract: The technique uses an extruder for delivering a supply of softened thermoplastic resin material containing a foaming or expanding agent, the resin material being under pressure and therefore unexpanded in the extruder, but being delivered into an unconfined zone of lower pressure for partial expansion. The partially expanded resin material is drawn by a puller mechanism through a chilled shaping or sizing die of a cross sectional dimension smaller than that of the material in the unconfined zone. The material drawn into the sizing die continues its expansion in the interior of the profile with resultant development of porosity in the core of the profile while the surface layer is cooled and hardens as a substantially unexpanded structural shell.

Abstract: A tough board of thermoplastic resin foam provided with skin layers on both surfaces thereof and formed of large cells elongated in the direction of the thickness of said board, wherein an intermediate high density layer thicker than 0.1mm lies substantially halfway between the upper and lower surfaces of said board. The board is formed by extruding thermoplastic resin containing dissolved foaming agent as a sheet, cooling the upper and lower surfaces rapidly to form solid skin layers and then slowly cooling while allowing controlled expansion thereof between expansion restricting members.

Abstract: A curing apparatus for continuously producing shaped articles of cross-linked polymeric material in which a curing tube is adapted to be heated by the direct passage of electric current in the tube. One terminal of a power supply is connected to the opposite ends of the voltage applying section to be heated, while the other terminal of the power supply is connected to the tube at a position where the voltage applying section is divided into two so that one portion on the inlet side of the tube is lower in electric resistance than the other portion on the outlet side thereof. The increased heat generation resulting from the lower electric resistance of the inlet-side portion maintains the tube inlet portion at a high temperature, despite its tendency toward a lower temperature due to continuous introduction of the low-temperature polymeric material to be cured, to thereby achieve an improved production efficiency.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting an unformed quantity of dough into a plurality of uniformly sized and shaped dough bodies has dough divider means for converting an unformed quantity of dough into at least one uniform ribbon of dough, moving the ribbon of dough through an outlet and severing the ribbon of dough into a plurality of uniformly sized pieces at an outlet of the dough divider; and dough forming means communicating with the dough divider means for engaging the ribbon of dough at the outlet of the dough divider means and drawing portions of the ribbon of dough away from the outlet in an initial drawing operation prior to severing the portion of dough from the ribbon of dough.

Abstract: There is described in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a process and apparatus for bi-axially stretching a tubularly-formed sheet of thermoplastic material in a first station and a plurality of second stations wherein the first and second stations are provided with sets of rolls having generally sinosoidally-shaped grooves perpendicular and parallel, respectively, to the axis of each set of rolls to produce bags of improved strip tensile breaking length.

Abstract: In the manufacture of plastic pipes by the extrusion process, the inside diameter of the pipe and, therefore, the wall thickness of the pipe is controlled by the takeaway speed at which the molten plastic pipe is removed from the sizing sleeve. An ultrasonic transducer is disposed at the upstream end of a sizing sleeve to provide signals representative of the thickness of the molten pipe advancing in the sizing sleeve. These signals are sent to devices for comparing the measured thickness of the molten plastic pipe with the desired thickness of the molten plastic pipe for producing a correction signal. The correction signal is employed for correcting the takeaway speed at which the molten plastic pipe is removed from the sizing sleeve.

Abstract: A method of coating a fibre in which a sleeve of polymer is extruded, fibre is fed into the sleeve as it is formed, and the diameter of the sleeve is reduced by a drawing process to produce a sleeve of polymer which loosely envelops the fibre. We also provide a fibre having a tubular sleeve of polymer, the sleeve having its molecules orientated to lie longitudinally with respect to the axis of the fibre. The sleeve has relative strength in a longitudinal plane and relative weakness in a transverse plane.

Abstract: A column of striated soap extruding from a plodder nozzle is subjected to torque for obtaining spiral striations in the final soap bar.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing lengths of rubber hose of curved shape comprises means for feeding a sequence of flexible mandrels in end-to-end relation to and through a first extruder which extrudes a continuous rubber hose onto the string of mandrels. Downstream of the extruder there is means for wrapping reinforcing thread around the hose and a second extruder for extending a second layer of rubber onto the reinforced hose. Downstream of the second extruder the hose is cut at locations between successive mandrels to form separate lengths of hose each with a flexible mandrel therein. Clamping means engages opposite ends of each mandrel with a hose length thereon and forces the ends toward one another to bend the mandrel and hose to curved form. While thus held in curved form, the hose lengths are vulcanized. The mandrels are then removed while evacuating the interior of the mandrel to contract it and forcing pressure fluid between the mandrel and the curved hose length to facilitate the removal.

Abstract: A method for producing a pipe, preferably of thermoplastic comprising a tubular body longitudinally partitioned by diaphragm into two conduits and having barriers projecting from the diaphragm into one of the conduits at the positions spaced along the length of the conduits and extending to contact intimately with the inside wall of the conduit. This pipe is useful as a hose for transporting liquid or for irrigation.

Abstract: An apparatus, particularly for manufacturing hollow sections of a plastic material, comprising an extruder head for extruding a section and a gauger or sizer downstream of said extruder head. The gauger comprises a lower chamber and an upper chamber communicating to a vacuum source. The lower and upper chambers are respectively closed by a substantially plate-like lower member and substantially plate-like upper member respectively contacting the lower face and the upper face of the section extruded by the extruder head. The substantially plate-like lower and upper members comprise a plurality of bars arranged side by side and spaced apart such as to define slots therebetween for communicating respectively with the lower chamber and upper chamber. The bars extend along a substantially perpendicular direction with respect to the extruded section direction of advance.

Abstract: Apparatus for vulcanizing a continuous length of flexible material comprising a closed chamber having material receiving input and exit ports while maintaining vulcanization pressure and temperature within the chamber, and a pair of rolls mounted on parallel spaced-apart horizontal axes within the chamber such that a portion of the material passing into the chamber and carried by the rolls is self-supporting and free of any contact with either roll surface, the surface of at least one of the rolls being contoured such as to position helical convolutions of the material thereon and cause the material to move in a substantially helical path from the entry port to the exit port while it is being vulcanized within the chamber. A drive motor is connected to one of the rolls to effect rotation of the roll and movement of the material through the chamber.

Abstract: This invention contemplates an apparatus for affixing to a papermaking felt a plurality of beads comprising means for supporting a papermaking felt having a working surface and means for applying beads of plastic backing, said beads extending away from said working surface and having top portions which are spaced from each other along said working surface to form channels for liquid flow.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for processing extruded thermoplastic material for use in siding by advancing the extrudate from the die member through a series of baths which size and shape the extrudate. The process sizes and cools the extrudate, and, thence, heat treats the extrudate followed by a final quenching of the extrudate in its final shape and size.

Abstract: Cooling an extruding thermoplastic tube by feeding the tube adjacent a cooling surface, maintaining a sheath of heat-transfer fluid between the tube and surface and preferentially cooling at least a selected area of the tube by transversely displacing the tube to decrease the thickness of the sheath between the selected area and the cooling surface. The invention is particularly suitable, for the production of thermoplastic films by orienting a cast tubular extrudate which has been cooled by means of an internal mandrel.

Abstract: A die for cooling, sizing and smoothing an extrudate includes a mounting plate having an orifice for receiving the extrudate, and a plurality of die members each having an aperture. The die members are mounted on the mounting plate in cascade relationship so that the members are axially spaced and the apertures are in alignment with the orifice in the mounting plate. The die members may be unitary flat metallic discs each having an aperture, or the die members may be a composite of a pair of overlying metallic discs each disc of the pair having an elongated slot extending inwardly from a peripheral edge, with the discs oriented so that the closed end of each slot defines a portion of the aperture.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for making relatively thin amorphous film in which a molten film, which is extruded from a slot orifice, is drawn over a cooled control roller spaced from the orifice at its point of contact with said film at a distance not more than about 20 mm before it is received on a quenching drum maintained at conventional quenching temperature below the solidification range of the molten film, the speed of rotation of the quenching drum is in excess of the rate of extrusion of the molten film, the diameter of the control roller is less than one-quarter of the diameter of the quenching drum, and the temperature of the film control roller is maintained at least about ambient room temperature but less than the quenching drum temperature to thereby provide a skin at the directly proximate stratum of film contacting the control roller surface.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of thermosetting resin powder paints comprising the steps of extruding a melt of a resinous composition for a thermosetting powder paint, continuously cooling the composition and forming it into a sheet, and pulverizing the formed sheet. Air blasting nozzles are directed at the sheet while it is on the cooling rolls. The adherence between the sheet and the rolls is improved, and the air blasting nozzles provide an auxiliary means for cooling the sheet.

Abstract: A method of vulcanizing continuous lengths of elastomeric or plastomeric material which comprises driving the material through an enclosure, within which it is subjected to vulcanizing conditions, in the form of a helix, the helix convolutions in part contacting a drive mechanism and in part being freely suspended. Also an apparatus for vulcanizing continuous lengths of flexible material, comprising an enclosure, means for providing therein an atmosphere at an elevated temperature and pressure, spaced pressure-retaining inlet and outlet means for the continuous flexible material, and drive and support means for feeding the material through the enclosure in the form of a helix comprising partially unsupported convolutions. The invention is particularly useful in the vulcanization of hosing formed for example by extrusion or by helical winding or both.

Abstract: A column of striated soap extruding from a plodder nozzle is subjected to torque for obtaining spiral striations in the final soap bar.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for forming tubing by extrusion of a plastic or metal in an extrusion die over a mandrel supported within the die opening, and immediately after the tubing leaves the die but is still supported by the mandrel, operating thereon to provide a plurality of circular formations in the outer surface of the tubing for improving the physical characteristics of the tubing wall. In one form, the circular formations are provided by means of two or more reciprocating tools which engage and compress the freshly formed tubing against the mandrel, in an intermittent manner so as to form circular corrugations or thread-like formations in the outer stratum of the tube wall while the inside surface of the tube is maintained substantially in the configuration of the mandrel over which it is formed.

Abstract: An apparatus for the production of perforated tubular film i.e., net is disclosed. A tube of a thermosetting polymer is continuously extruded and the extrusion opening is alternately interrupted first from one side of the tube and then from the other thereby doubling the capacity of the machine.

Abstract: An apparatus for the manufacture of an extruded thermoplastic tube in which the freshly extruded tube is cooled and sized or calibrated in a liquid cooling medium by passage through a series of draw plates in which the cooling liquid is fed and directed in a spiral flow path emerging along the circumference of the tube as it passes through the central calibrating opening of each draw plate. The draw plates are preferably immersed in water as the cooling liquid partially filling a tank maintained under a vacuum.

Abstract: Organic waste materials are mixed and batches are separately brought into the form of a coherent substantially homogeneous pulp with a moisture content between 50 and 55% by weight, by heating with exhaust gases, drying in an oven, admixing dry material, and spraying dry material with liquid manure recuperated from the waste materials. The pulp is chopped and immediately thereafter extruded to form frangible strands, sections of which are allowed to break off, without cutting, and to further break by dropping onto a conveyor. Breakage into pellets is completed, without the use of a conventional pelletizing drum involving compression of the pellets, in a vibrated fluidized bed where the pellets are superficially dried to a non-tacky state, drying being completed in further non-vibrated fluidized beds.

Abstract: To cover at least one face of an extruded, hollow, plastic body, the front face of the extruder die is formed with a recess in which a cylindrical roller is rotatably mounted contiguously adjacent the die orifice. The roller defines a first portion of a feed channel for a foil with the die wall in the recess and a second channel portion, tangential to the first, with the mandrel which defines an extrusion gap in the die orifice. The foil may be draped about side faces of the mandrel by pressure rollers if the extrudate is backed by mandrel portions extending to the pressure rollers.

Abstract: A tubular parison of synthetic plastic material in thermoplastic condition is extruded into a travelling mold wherein it is formed into a corrugated tube. The travelling mold is formed when cooperating mold sections of two endless strings of such mold sections move together and travel for some distance in a straight path before moving apart again. Each mold section has front and rear guide rollers which travel in guide channels that are so configurated as to impart to the mold sections the aforementioned movements toward and away from each other.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a cross-oriented film which apparatus includes a device for maintaining the temperature of a thermoplastic synthetic resin tubular film below the melting point, and above the secondary transition temperature thereof, a twist-preventing device for pressing and feeding the tubular film in the film-forming direction, a cross-orientation device for holding the tubular film and for rotating the same, while vertically disposed, relative to the film-forming direction at a peripheral speed two or more times as fast as the feeding speed of the twist-preventing device, and a take-up device for successively flattening the tubular film into two layers.

Abstract: Polystyrene foam is extruded upwardly as a tube into a cooling media of boiling water, both the interior and exterior surfaces of the cylindrically shaped extrudate passing through a bath of boiling water of variable depth. The polystyrene foam extrudate produced by such a method has a high density at the interior and exterior surfaces, with the density progressively decreasing from these surfaces toward the center core of the extrudate.

Abstract: An improved method for reclaiming waste plastic materials generated during an extrusion coating operation. A rotating funnel or other device is used to gather the hot molten plastic waste material and twist it into the shape of a rope. The plastic rope is passed through a cooling bath and one or more pinch rollers. After passing through the rollers, the plastic rope is spooled, chopped, or fed to a plastics processing machine.

Abstract: An apparatus for extruding a tubular article from a cellular plastic compound comprising a bushing defining a passage extending therethrough, an internal mandrel within the passage of the bushing and cooperating therewith to define a die passage, and an external mandrel downstream of the internal mandrel. The die passage has a tapered section and an outlet section with the overall width of the tapered section reducing as it extends toward the outlet. The outlet section terminates in an outlet. The gap dimension of the tapered section is greater than the gap dimension of the outlet section. The die passage has a transition section which is of progressively reducing thickness to smoothly blend the tapered section and the outlet section.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for coating a fabric with elastomeric stock, wherein improved impregnation of the interstices of the fabric is achieved, the method comprising concomitantly feeding both elastomeric stock and a fabric in pressurized contact with one another between mutually confronting stationary and movable surfaces. The mutually confronting surfaces converge toward one another and cooperatively define a pressure chamber terminating in a restriction orifice. The movable surface is driven in a direction of feed of both the stock and fabric to frictionally carry and wedge both into and through the pressure chamber, thereby causing the interstices of the fabric to be increasingly impregnated by the stock.

Abstract: Plastic foam is extruded into and from a channel where it expands from an extrusion orifice. A pressure controlled gas pocket provides support for the foaming material generally adjacent the extrusion die. The arrangement permits extrusion of foam having widely varying characteristics with a single apparatus.

Abstract: A closed liquid container of thermoplastic synthetic-resin material is fod by blowing and comprises at least one construction element disposed within the container and secured to the wall thereof for dividing the inner space of the container into sections. The apparatus for the production of the container comprises a form tool, and a driving means moving the form tool into an open and closed position, respectively. A tube-forming head of an extruder is disposed on top of the form tool and at least one holding mandrel is movable in axial direction. The mandrel has at least one receiving element for a construction element and is disposed end-sided to the form tool in the head of the extruder.