Abstract: A roller press for the pressure treatment or compaction of granular material, having at least two rolls formed as freely rotating rolls, in each case rotatably mounted in a machine frame by a shaft, driven in opposite directions and separated from one another by a roll gap. The shafts of the rolls are accommodated in bearing housings movably mounted in the machine frame and in each case two bearing housings arranged on one side of the rolls and belonging to different rolls are connected to each other via at least one pressure cylinder. The connection between the bearing housings in each case has at least one torque balance. In this way, the structure of a roller press having roller centering is simplified and can be produced more cost-effectively.

Abstract: Plastic zone extrusion may be provided. First, a compressor may generate frictional heat in stock to place the stock in a plastic zone of the stock. Then, a conveyer may receive the stock in its plastic zone from the compressor and transport the stock in its plastic zone from the compressor. Next, a die may receive the stock in its plastic zone from the conveyer and extrude the stock to form a wire.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of feeding powders to a subsequent processing step. In particular, the apparatus includes a first hopper, a first metering brush feed, an intermediate chamber, a second distribution brush, a level sensor, and a supply hopper to deliver powder to a pair of rollers. In one embodiment, the hopper is fitted to the roller diameter to produce a uniform, ribbon or free-standing sheets suitable for air-breathing battery and fuel cell electrodes.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method and apparatus for forming and extruding ceramic materials. The apparatus utilizes a vacuum chamber mounted within a heating chamber or element; and the ceramic forming chamber is mounted within the vacuum chamber. A press is slidably mounted within vacuum and forming chambers in order to apply pressure to the ceramic materials during the heating step and subsequently during the ceramics extrusion step. The heating chamber applies heat to the vacuum chamber and forming chamber during the sintering and extrusion step. The forming chamber preferably remains in position within the vacuum chamber during the entire ceramic article manufacturing process.

Abstract: A continuous, friction-actuated extrusion apparatus, comprised of a cylindrical first member having a circumferential groove formed in its peripheral surface. A stationary second member projects into the groove and defines a passageway between the first member and the second member, the passageway having an entry end and an exit end. A metal feeding device for feeding metal into the passageway at the entry end as the cylindrical first member rotates toward the exit end. An abutment member extends across the passageway at the exit end and at least one die orifice is located at the exit end of the passageway. At least one restriction member is located in the passageway between the orifice and the entry end, the restriction member constricting the passage for a portion thereof.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the continuous extrusion of rods of plastic raw material. The rods contain at least one inner channel which is at least in part spiral-shaped. The raw material may be a powder-metallurgical or ceramic mass. The material is extruded through a nozzle mouthpiece and made to rotate by an arrangement of flow guiding surfaces. At least one thread made of a flexible or elastic material is entrained and gives the rod a spiral shape with a predetermined pitch. The thread is retained upstream of the nozzle mouthpiece in an eccentric position relative to the rod axis that extends through the nozzle mouthpiece. The movement of rotation of the raw material is adjusted by an outer adjusting force which modifies the angle between the arrangement of flow guiding surfaces and the longitudinal axis of the nozzle mouthpiece to adjust the position and pitch of the spiral channel.

Abstract: An apparatus for hot-briquetting iron sponge includes a gravity feeder which has a feed shaft and a regulating tongue which supplies material in a dosed quantity to a moulding gap of a roller press, in such a way that the apparatus can also be used for pressing hot iron sponge at temperatures of up to 1000.degree. C. for obtaining high-density briquettes of good quality. The regulating tongue is provided with a heat-reducing insulating layer and cooling system. The feed shaft and a feed hopper also may have a heat-insulation layer and a cooling system. A flow-rate control is provided for gravity feeders where bulk material or flowable material is supplied by at least one regulator through a feed shaft to a moulding gap formed between at least two rolls and is processed by the rolls. At least one of the rolls is motor-driven. The material is supplied to the moulding gap by the regulating tongue in response to a driven roll torque sensed by a torque detector.

Abstract: An apparatus for extruding a powdered material forms an elongated pellet. The extrusion apparatus includes a connection mechanism arranged between the inlet and the constriction passages for continuously connecting two successively charged portions of the powdered material when the powdered material is repeatedly charged. By this mechanism, the formerly charged and semicompacted portion of the powdered material and the border surface upon the subsequent portion are broken, either by a core piece or a modified die cavity, whereby the portions of the powdered material are merged with each other before the constriction.

Abstract: The invention relates to powder metallurgy. The invention involves deforming combustion products by extrusion at an extrusion temperature chose in the range from 0.3T.sub.1 to T.sub.2, wherein T.sub.1 is the melting point of a hard phase of the combustion products and T.sub.2 is the melting point of a binder material in a container (5) made up of vertically extending segments (12) defining spaces (13) with one another and having a die (14) and a heat insulated sizing member (17) the temperature conditions of extrusion being controlled by a unit (21) having a temperature sensor (22) and a member (23) receiving information from the sensor (22) and sending a command for moving the punch (10).

Abstract: Apparatus for continuously extruding powdered, comminuted, or particulated feed material which includes a Conform extrusion machine or the like in cooperation with a forming wheel rotatably disposed within a portion of the Conform wheel to compress the feed material into a compacted feedstock. Compressing the feed material into a compacted feedstock enables uniform and reliable conveyance of the feed material into the extrusion machine. An auxiliary shoe member conforming to the outer periphery of the forming wheel and to the Conform shoe is included to separate the compacted feedstock from the forming wheel. The auxiliary shoe directs the compacted feedstock into a passageway formed by the Conform machine extrusion wheel and extrusion shoe. As the respective wheels are rotated the forces on the compacted feedstock heat it and cause it to yield and flow through an extrusion chamber adjacent the Conform machine abutment; it is then extruded from a die in the wall of the chamber.

Abstract: In an apparatus of manufacturing diaphragms, a layer of a difficulty flowable metal powder is applied to a support, a wire net is rolled onto the powder layer and the latter is compacted at the same time and the metal powder is fired at 800.degree. to 1500.degree. C. in an oxidizing atmosphere. In order to impart to the diaphragms a constant thickness, strength and density, the metal powder is uniformly distributed and applied as regards its bulk volume to the support and the powder layer is moved under a distributing roller rotating opposite to the direction in which the powder is fed.

Abstract: Continuous extrusion apparatus in the form of a rotatable wheel having a peripheral endless groove for material to be extruded. An abutment having a die orifice protrudes into the groove. The sides of the abutment and of the groove are of complementary stepped form to inhibit the egress of material from between the sides of the groove and of the abutment.

Abstract: A die assembly for use in a continuous extrusion apparatus is made up of two cooperating members. The first member has tapered apertures therethrough disposed symmetrically about a mandrel portion. The mandrel portion cooperates with a throat portion in the second member to define an extrusion gap. A ceramic insert can be located in the second member to reduce wear during the extrusion of materials such as copper.

Abstract: An apparatus for the passivating, multistage compaction of hot iron particles supplied in the form of a packed bed from a reduction unit and for the subsequent breaking apart of the compacted iron band is described. Prior to the final compacting, the iron particles pass through a homogenizing and precompressing stage. Thus, the compacted iron has a pore volume of max. 40% and a density of at least 5.5 g/cm.sup.3. The iron compacted to a band is subsequently guided between the rollers (7,8,11) of a separating stage exposing it to bending stresses such that it breaks apart at the predetermined desired breaking points. The breaking points have a smaller density than the band regions between them. They can be produced in that in the precompression stage the feed speed is briefly decelerated compared with the feed speed in the compaction stage or in the compaction stage there is less marked compression at these points than in the intermediate regions.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for consolidating loose or pre-compressed particulate materials, such as metal powder or metal flakes, in press equipment utilizing a reusable canister means that is sealed in vacuum from the atmosphere and heated prior to consolidation in the press equipment at elevated pressures and temperatures, thereby improving utilization of the press equipment.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of shaped bodies from silicon granulates for producing silicon melts includes first incipiently melting silicon grains on their surfaces, so that they bond with their neighbors in the process and, after solidifying, form a porous compound shaped body which only then may be melted completely. Such compound shaped bodies can be manufactured continuously or semi-continuously and converted without difficulty by a subsequent step into the molten state. An apparatus for producing shaped bodies is also provided which preferably employs an electron beam, to supply energy to incipiently melt the granulate.

Abstract: A continuous extrusion machine in which feedstock in particulate or comminuted form is admitted to a peripheral groove formed in a rotating wheel member, is enclosed in that groove by a cooperating shoe member, is frictionally dragged along the arcuate passageway formed by said groove and a projecting portion of said shoe member towards an abutment member carried by said shoe member, and is continuously extruded as a metal product through a die orifice disposed at the downstream end of that passageway. A cooling device is provided downstream of the abutment member.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuous processing of metal between molten and bright hot rolled stages includes the production of uniform liquid metal droplets at the top of a shot tower containing inert gas, forming and maintaining columns of closely spaced but separate metal droplets, retarding the flow of said droplets to a slow, substantially constant, velocity and cooling the droplets principally by radiation to at least partial solidification, collecting the at least partially solidified droplets in a bottomless receptacle in a weakly cohesive column, passing said column into the bite of a pair of mill rolls, rolling the said column into a rolled product, and cooling the rolled product by arc contact with off-set colling/flatening rolls and by radiation and convection cooling in an inert gas.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuous extrusion of metals in which feed is introduced into a circumferential groove 26 (FIG. 3) in a rotating wheel 2 to contact arcuate tooling 22 and an abutment 24. The abutment 4 is spaced from the walls of the groove 26 so that in operation a lining of the feed material is produced. Indentations 52 assist in holding the lining in place. The extrusion is generally in a radial direction through an aperture 58. The extrusion orifices (not shown) may be of part annular cross-section of different area. The extrusion aperture may extend from outside the groove 26 to permit of increased orifice area.

Abstract: A continuous extrusion machine, in which feedstock is admitted (at 50) to a peripheral groove (12) in a rotating wheel (10), is enclosed in that groove by a cooperating shoe (24), and is frictionally dragged along an arcuate passageway (48) formed by said groove and a projecting portion (30) of said shoe towards an abutment (36) carried by the shoe. The abutment tip and adjacent wheel parts disposed downstream of the abutment are cooled directly by a jet of cooling fluid issuing from a nozzle (64) carried downstream on the shoe. An annular band (FIG. 2, 74) of a good thermally-conductive metal embedded concentrically in the wheel enhances the cooling obtained. The extrusion apparatus yields a metal product (FIG.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing compression molded coal to be used for the block charging for the coke oven operation wherein the raw material coal are initially compression molded, a part of said already compression molded coal is caused to remain in the molding box while the subsequent raw material coal is charged to be compression molded, and said compression molded coal is combined so that the compression molded coal may be produced continuously. At the compression molding, the already compression molded coal may overcome the compression force applied to the subsequent compression molded coal due to its friction generated between the molded coals and the molding box. Further application of pressure to the pressing plate after the molding operation will cause the compression molded coal to be pushed out of the molding box.

Abstract: A continuous extrusion product issuing from a continuous extrusion apparatus is threaded through a treatment die (to change its cross-section) and is continuously drawn therethrough by a tensioning device controlled by a system which (a) senses the temperature of the product as it leaves the extrusion apparatus, (b) converts (in a function generator) a temperature signal so produced into a tension reference signal, (c) compares a tension feedback signal (derived from a sensor adjacent the extrusion apparatus) with that tension reference signal, and (d) controls the tensioning device in accordance with the difference of the tension reference and feedback signals so as to prevent the sensed tension in the product (extending between the extrusion apparatus and the treatment die) from exceeding a safe value which is less than the yield stress tension of that product at the sensed temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed are extruded dispersion strengthened metallic materials which are substantially free of texture as well as a method for producing such materials. The method comprises extruding a billet of dispersion strengthened metallic powder material comprised of one or more metals and one or more refractory compounds said powder material having a mean grain size less than about 5 microns and whose grain size is substantially stable at the extrusion conditions, through a die having an internal contour such that the material is subjected to a natural strain rate which is substantially constant as it passes through the die.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-lobe composite casing, the inner wall of said casing being constituted by several adjacent cylindrical sectors, each enveloping a screw over the portion of the latter outside the penetration zone. According to the invention the hardest metal layer deposited on the inner wall of the body is applied in the form of a powder containing the desired constituents. This powder is welded to the metallic inner base wall by means of a plasma torch operating on the principle of a transferred arc or a semi-transferred arc. The invention is applied to machines with several overlapping screws of the extruder type.

Abstract: Apparatus for the continuous extrusion of metals in which feed is introduced into a pair of circumferential grooves in a rotating wheel to contact arcuate tooling and abutments. The feed is constrained by the abutments to flow through exit apertures in a die top from the respective grooves to a substantially toroidal chamber around a hollow, open ended, portal mandrel to extrude through an annular die orifice as a cladding for a continuous core. Cooling air may be supplied to the interior of the cladding, which is subsequently swaged down on to the core. A solid mandrel may be utilized where it is desired to extrude tube.

Abstract: In a continuous extrusion machine in which feedstock is admitted to a peripheral groove in a rotating wheel, is enclosed in that groove by a cooperating shoe, is frictionally dragged along an arcuate passageway formed by said groove and a projecting portion of said shoe towards an abutment carried by said shoe, and is continuously extruded as a metal product through a die, is flash extruded through clearance gaps between cooperating wheel and shoe surfaces, is intercepted and broken off periodically in short lengths by teeth which project radially or transversely from the wheel, the arcuate passageway has a radial depth which progressively decreases in the direction of wheel rotation in a zone extending upstream from the abutment.

Abstract: In a modified "Conform" machine for continuous friction-actuated extrusion of metals, especially particulate copper, the abutment at the outlet end of the working passageway does not fully block the end of the wheel groove. Instead a substantial clearance is left, and metal extruding through it adheres to the wheel to re-enter the working passageway at the entry end. Preferably the abutment is of semicircular cross-section. For a given output rate, a significant reduction in torque, and working stresses, is obtained.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for producing a lightweight structural material (12), by forming gas-filled shells (38) of molten material from a matrix of nozzles (22) that form shells of very uniform size at very uniform rates. The matrix of molten shells coalesce into a multi-cell material of controlled cellular structure. The shells can be of two different sizes (38, 44) that are interspersed, to form a multicell material that has a regular cell pattern but which avoids planes of weakness and localized voids. The gas (50) in the shells can be under a high pressure, and can be a fire extinguishing gas.

Abstract: Apparatus for the continuous extrusion of electrically conductive granulated materials, preferably powder metallurgy materials, wherein the material is introduced into a duct of a die and is compressed and moved along the duct to and through a nozzle on the die by a punch movable in the duct, the material being sintered by heating it with electrical current passed therethrough via electrical connections made with the punch and nozzle.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuous extrusion has a rotatable wheel with an endless groove therein, a relatively stationary shoe member overlying part of the groove lengthwise, a portion of the shoe member projecting part way into the groove and being constituted at least partly by a die assembly which includes a separate and replaceable abutment member which projects into the groove to block it. The die assembly can have separate and replaceable components constituting a feed chamber, a die throat, and optionally a mandrel supported in the die throat for producing tubular extrusion products. Cooling of the die assembly is also envisaged.

Abstract: A hopper-feeder (10) especially suited for, but not limited to, continuously feeding self adhering powders to a subsequent processing step is disclosed. In particular, the apparatus includes a first hopper (12), an intermediate passageway (16), a second hopper (18) and a feed guide (20). A wiper (32), a bottle brush auger (34) and an associated auger cleaning rod (36) expedite powder flow. Shear blades (40), disposed within the second hopper (18), further break up any undesirable particles before exiting the apparatus (10).

Abstract: A method of cladding a wire with a powdered metal includes feeding the wire in its axial direction, applying powdered metal around its surface, compacting the applied powdered layer on the surface and subsequently continuously rolling-over the applied layer on a helical path to provide a helical zone of metallurgically bonded powdered material. The device of this invention has a storage container for powdered material, a rotary shaft defining at its center a forwardly tapering passage with an internal thread acting as a worm conveyor, the shaft being terminated with an exchangeable outlet nozzle, the nozzle supporting a set of cladding rollers, the axes of rotation of which are inclined at an acute angle to the axis of the passage. The driving arrangement for the rollers is preferably driven by a separate motor.

Abstract: Powder rolling apparatus, for the production of strip equal in width to the length of the roll faces, is provided with edge restraint devices in the form of wheels fitted with pneumatic tires and mounted in the roll gap region to be freely rotatable about axes which are perpendicular to, but preferably not coplanar with the roll axes. The wheels are driven by frictional contact between the smooth tread surface of the tires and the end-faces of the rolls.

Abstract: A high density extruded product is continuously produced in a one step operation by first cold compressing granulated powder material in a bore into a pellet by means of a plunger reciprocable into the bore, then pushing it by the force of succeeding pellets further down the bore into a hot press zone where the pellet is sintered, and finally pushing it through an uncooled orifice into a cooling zone. The hot press zone may be heated by means of an induction heating coil. The die may be made up of a plurality of interchangable die pieces.

Abstract: Granular material, gaseous fuel and air are preheated to just below the sintering temperature of the granular material. The hot granular material is passed through a mold in which a reticular device for distributing the fuel is provided to define a conical or vaulted surface with its vertex upstream, extending across the cross-section of the mold and defining the upstream end of a combustion zone into which the granular material passes after entering the mold. Air is supplied through a perforated wall and pushes the granular material as well as advancing with it to the combustion zone. Combustion of the fuel in the combustion zone thus defined brings the granular material to the sintering temperature and a fused rod of cellular structure (i.e. with small enclosed voids, generally not communicating with each other) is continuously formed that is pulled out by rolls in a pre-cooling section of the apparatus immediately downstream of the mold.

Abstract: Apparatus for extruding metal chips or filings into a bar stock. The extruding machine uses graphite lubrication, and an oversized wooden (or other compressible material) plug for the initial compaction. The face of the ram contains undulations therein so the ends of adjacent charges will be better held together.

Abstract: Powder rolling apparatus, for the production of strip equal in width to the roll length, is provided with edge restraint devices in the form of cylindrical blocks mounted in the roll gap region with their axes parallel to the roll axes and rotatably driven to cause an end-face of each restraint block to move in frictional contact with the end-faces of the rolls.

Abstract: An apparatus for spreading a stream of particles onto a moving carrier. Uses a chute for containing and delivering particles; a screed bar, movable relative to the moving carrier to control the thickness of a layer of particles delivered from the chute to the carrier; and a pair of rotatable cylindrical doctor blades, substantially coaxial with each other and positioned at opposing ends of the screed bar to control the thickness of a layer of particles delivered from the chute to the carrier at opposing ends of the screed bar. The screed bar and the two doctor blades together control the thickness of the center and the two sides of a continuous stream of powder. Preferably the carrier is the bottom roller of a pair of compaction rollers which receive the stream of powder and compact it preparatory to sintering.

Abstract: For the production of strip material particulate metalliferous material is fed from a hopper into and through the roll gap formed between a pair of contra-rotating compaction rolls. The ends of the roll gap are closed off by means of endless belts which engage the opposite end faces of the compaction rolls and in order to counteract the tendency of particulate material to be drawn into the end zones of the roll gap by the endless belts means are provided for restricting the flow of particulate material to these end zones. By the provision of such restricting means the rate at which particulate material enters the roll gap is substantially uniform along its entire length.

Abstract: A method of producing a metal strip or shape from powdered metal in which the transverse cross-section of the strip or shape so produced has portions of different thickness, wherein a thick portion is positioned adjacent of a thin portion or thick portions are positioned adjacent to thin portions, and, after proper sintering, the multi-thickness strip is rolled and annealed to reduce the strip's weight per foot, thus developing the required dimensional and mechanical properties.

Abstract: This application discloses method and apparatus for solid-phase conversion of particulate metal (or swarf) into continuous metal-jacketed strip by feeding particulate metal, together with any desired reducing or alloying additives, between travelling metal jacket sheet components, the lower channel-shaped and the upper flat strip closely fitting between the channel sides; injecting air-purging reducing or inert gas to create an inside environment of protective gas rather higher than atmospheric air pressure, the gas entering the material and the embrassing jacket sheet components which after filling and closing form a permanent circumferentially and longitudinally complete jacket around the material; compacting the material in the jacket sheet components after closing by repeated compacting actions; feeding this strip forward between successive compacting actions while clear of the compacting die elements; sealing the jacket components closed together over the compacted material to form a circumferentially co

Abstract: Extrusion apparatus comprising a wheel having a circumferential groove around its outer edge. A fixed shoe member bearing against the edge of the wheel has a die member projecting into the circumferential groove. Material to be extruded is fed into the circumferential groove below the shoe member. The wheel is rotated relative to the shoe member so that the material is carried along the circumferential groove by frictional drag towards the die member and is extruded through an orifice in the die member. Conventiently the wheel is formed from three abutting discs, the center disc having a diameter less than that of the two outer discs whereby to form the circumferential groove.The material to be extruded can be in the form of a metal powder. The wheel is arranged to rotate about a horizontal axis and the shoe member is disposed beneath the wheel whereby powder can be fed under gravity into the groove.

Abstract: Metal strip is continuously produced by compacting metal powder to form a green strip, feeding the green strip to a sinter furnace and supporting the strip on a gaseous cushion as it is transported through the furnace, the strip transport being controlled to maintain the tensile stress applied to the strip as it passes through the furnace substantially zero. The strip may be fed through the furnace by means of pinch rolls located at entry to and exit from the furnace, the respective speeds of rotation of the pinch rolls being interrelated to accommodate shrinkage of the strip as it passes through the furnace.

Abstract: Powdered metal is continuously introduced into a horizontally disposed die cavity in discrete quantities and compacted into bar segments to form a bar. The cavity has a fixed cross-sectional area and is open at both ends, except during the initial compaction when one end is closed. After formation of an initial length of the bar, the frictional resistance between the length of bar remaining in the cavity and the cavity wall is relied on so that the length of bar remaining in the cavity serves as a stopper for subsequent compactions of the discrete quantities of powdered metal. The bar is forced out of the cavity upon the formation of subsequent segments and is passed through an induction furnace for sintering, and may be further processed through a swager, all preferably in a continuous operation.

Abstract: Powdered metal is continuously introduced into a die cavity in discrete quantities and compacted into bar segments to form a bar. The cavity has a fixed cross-sectional area and is open at both ends, except during the initial compaction when one end is closed. After formation of a length of the bar, the frictional resistance between the bar and the cavity wall is relied on so that the bar remaining in the cavity serves as a stopper for subsequent compactions of the discrete quantities of powdered metal to form the continuous bar. The bar is forced out of the cavity and may be passed through an induction furnace for sintering, and through a swager, all preferably in a continuous operation. Also provided is means for varying the compaction so that the bar lengths formed from the discrete quantities of powdered metal are compacted and bonded into a bar of substantially uniform physical characteristics along its length.