Abstract: A material transfer arrangement having a pair of generally cylindrical adjacent rolls which are counter-rotatable about their respective cylindrical axes and which define therebetween a nip between which material passes is disclosed. There is a corresponding pair of spaced apart doctor blades, each in close proximity to a corresponding one of the rolls so that material may be conveyed between the roll nip and the space between the doctor blades. In one form, the nip passes material to the space between the doctor blades and that space has a downstream restriction which causes the material to compress in an accordion-like way forming a corrugated material web. In another form, the doctor blades function to deliver thermoplastic extrudate to the nip between the rolls to form elongated sheets or webs of plastic material of improved uniformity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a pressure roll including a cylindrical core member having a center shaft, an intermediate layer surrounding the core member and formed from a flexible material, and an outermost layer surrounding the intermediate layer and formed from a high-thermal conductivity material having a thermal conductivity of not less than 0.03 cal/cm.multidot.sec.multidot..degree.C. Also disclosed is a molding apparatus for a plastic sheet using the pressure roll. According to the pressure roll and the molding apparatus using the pressure roll, when a resin extruded sheet interposed between the pressure roll and a main cooling roll is pressed onto the main cooling roll, the outermost layer of the pressure roll is elastically deformed slightly to apply a surface pressure onto the resin extruded sheet, while cooling the plastic sheet.

Abstract: A roller head extruder unit includes an extruder unit, a pair of calender rollers arranged forward of an exit opening of the extruder unit and supported for rotation by a support frame mounted securely with respect to the extruder unit, and side guides arranged on either side of a space between the exit opening of the extruder unit and the calender rollers to thereby define a bank into which material for rolling is extruded. At least one of the upper and lower rollers is mounted for rotation in a roller housing supported by the support frame for limited movement in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the upper and lower rollers. The roller head extruder unit also includes a detection device for detecting the force with which this roller housing is caused to move as a result of accumulation of material in the bank.

Abstract: A safety device for the roll space within a calender or other roll machine is disclosed. The rolls when rotating, excite oscillations in the beam at the resonant frequency of the beam. This can occur during start-up or during normal operation. The safety device of the present invention comprises a beam and additional mass that is oscillatorily suspended from the beam in order to reduce the amplitude of the beam oscillations at the beam resonant frequency. In addition, a damping element between additional mass and the beam is used to reduce any undesired oscillations due to newly created resonant frequencies introduced into the system.

Abstract: Apparatus for reconfiguring at least three finishing rolls in a plastic sheet fabricating sheetline includes a base, a pair of spaced upright support structures, and pairs of first and second spaced support assemblies. The upright support structures are mounted on the base and support a center one of the rolls in a stationary position therebetween and for rotation about a first axis. The first support assemblies support a first outer one of the rolls therebetween for rotation about a second axis and are mounted to the support structures for permitting angularly adjustable movement of the first outer roll relative to the center roll about the first axis to reconfigure the angular position of the first outer roll relative to the center roll.

Abstract: A platform at one side of a battery of rolls in a calender can be moved up or down when the rolls are not driven or when a breastwork at the parapet of the platform is moved to a raised position so that an operator standing on the bottom wall of the platform cannot reach a nip of the rolls while the rolls are driven.

Abstract: Apparatus for production of 0.1-3 mm uniformly thick farinaceous dough sheets, comprising rollers (52, 53, 54), wedge-like sealer (56), inlet (55) and outlet (58). Positive hydrostatic pressure is maintained by adjusting the gap between adjacent rollers and/or the rotational speed of the rollers. For production of 2 sheets of dough simultaneously, a pair of rollers with a wedge-like sealer between them may be put adjacent and below rollers (52, 53).

Abstract: A calender for surface treatment of material webs, wherein in the event of one sided seizure of an intermediate roller the fixed roller not subject to pressure is adjusted in position at one end such that the asymmetrical linear force profile resulting from the seizure is symmetrically adjusted according to the desired condition in order to optimise processing of the material web.

Abstract: A calender assembly having at least two calender rollers mounted on axles and which jointly define a calendering nip with at least one of the rollers being mounted for rotation in a support column. Each roller includes a roller axle and a roller core and at least one of the rollers is provided with a removable shell. The axle of the roller provided with the shell is provided with a bearing member acted upon by a plurality of bearing body portions. Adjustment devices are provided for displacing the bearing body portions towards and away from the bearing member. Such movement of the body portions away from the bearing member defines an aperture through which the shell on the roller can be removed and a replacement shell inserted.

Abstract: Flaking roll apparatus (10) for the processing of cereal products or the like is provided which includes a pair of counterrotating, nip-defining flaking rolls (76, 78) which are obliquely oriented with the rotational axes thereof lying in a plane situated at an angle between about 15.degree. and 70.degree. with respect to the horizontal. In this manner, the apparatus (10) uses less floor space and can more readily be serviced and cleaned. The overall flaking apparatus (10) preferably includes threadably adjustable devices (136) for maintaining proper nip clearance between the flaking rolls (76, 78) and for precise adjustment thereof. Additionally, end-to-end adjustment of the flaking roll assembly (10) is afforded by means of an eccentric mount (108) for one of the flaking rolls (76).

Abstract: An improvement for casting machines is provided which assures a constant thickness and density of extruded material by varying the speed of nip forming rolls.

Abstract: An improvement for casting machines is provided which displays a correct nip measurement based on the relative position of cooperating rolls and the thermal expansion of the rolls.

Abstract: This invention concerns the manufacture of a layer of elastomeric material to form part of a pneumatic tire, and the manufacture of a reinforced elastomeric layer.According to the invention a layer of elastomeric material is formed as a progressive helical winding along a mandrel. The layer may be transferred in cylindrical form to a tire carcass building former to constitute an inner lining for a tire carcass, or a reinforcement filament may be wound over the layer producing a cylindrical reinforced layer which is cut to produce a ply of coated fabric.

Abstract: A device to produce material webs of thermoplastic plastics, independently of the thickness at least between 100 .mu.m and 12 mm includes a single apparatus comprising cooled calender rolls mounted on a respective bottom frame and a top frame. The top frame is adjustable relative to the bottom frame between two operating positions. Of a feed roll pair, preferably directly following a sheet die, one of two feed rolls is arranged in the bottom frame and the other in the top frame. Thereby, in one operating position, the upper feed roll, and in the other operating position a smoothing ledge is associated with the feed roll of the bottom frame. The smoothing ledge is provided at the top frame and preferably has an air outlet nozzle. The top frame is preferably arranged with a slide which is displaceable in a slideway of the bottom frame.

Abstract: A magnetic audio or video tape is smoothed and/or otherwise treated by causing it to pass through one or more calenders wherein a large-diameter primary calender roll is heated from within and the major part of its peripheral surface is surrounded by the running tape. The primary roll rotates about a fixed axis and is surrounded by a cluster of two or more smaller-diameter secondary calender rolls each of which has a viscoelastic peripheral layer and each of which can be individually biased against the adjacent portion of the running tape with a selected force. The magnetic film on the tape is out of contact with the secondary rolls as well as with the guide rollers which cause the tape to advance toward the peripheral surface of the primary roll and thereupon toward a takeup reel.

Abstract: A method for continuously producing tapes in rubbery vulcanizable material, adapted to the manufacture of hoses, includes causing a rubbery composition to pass and be calendered into a tape between rollers, cooling the calendered tape on a set of internally cooled hollow cylinders adding an anti-adherent powder, and slitting the tape longitudinally into a plurality of narrower tape portions.

Abstract: In an extruder with a wide extrusion head and an associated calender, the wide extrusion head defining a sheet extrusion die 16 has an upper extrusion head, part 12 and a lower extrusion head part, which parts can be moved away from one another. At least one clamping device is provided which releasably presses the upper extrusion head part and the lower extrusion head part together and which is mounted in an associated side wall of the calender and is provided with a hydraulically operable piston cylinder drive. In order to achieve optimum clamping of the upper extrusion head part 12 and the lower extrusion head part, each clamping device has a tie rod which, on its one side bears against the lower extrusion head part or the upper extrusion part by means of a fixed abutment, e.g. a nut, or by means of an axially variable abutment e.g. a thrust box 51, which can be driven by a drive nut, the clamping device being mounted on the side wall to be freely movable in the upward and horizontal directions.

Abstract: A lubricant composition for processing polyolefin resins is disclosed. The lubricant composition comprises a mixture of from about 60 to 70 parts by weight of an N,N'-ethylenebis amide of a fatty acid or hydroxy-substituted fatty acid, from about 22 to about 32 parts by weight of a free fatty acid or hydroxy-substituted fatty acid, and from about 3 to about 13 parts by weight of a metal salt of a fatty acid or hydroxy-substituted fatty acid. The lubricant composition is particularly useful in the calendering of polypropylene homopolymers and copolymers.

Abstract: In the manufacture of continuous sheets or films of plastic material, especially by calendering, an improved stripping process and apparatus are disclosed whereby the degree of residual strain in such sheets and films can be controlled and production rates increased. In preferred embodiments of the process and apparatus, sheets and films of substantially uniform side-to-side texture are obtained.

Abstract: An extruder with a roller die in which a plastic or rubber material fed from a mixer is formed into a sheet by a roller die located at the fore end of a screw feeder which includes a cylinder and a revolving screw, the screw feeder employing a short screw shaft which has its base portion rotatably supported in the cylinder and a non-contacting screw portion essentially including a feed portion and a compression portion and disposed in the cylinder with a small gap being formed between the screw portion and the inner periphery of the cylinder. The pressure distribution in the screw feeder is controlled such that the maximum pressure in a compression zone and the pressure at the fore end of the cylinder are maintained in the ranges of 52.times.10.sup.3 to 200.times.10.sup.3 gr/cm.sup.2 and 20.times.10.sup.3 to 60.times.10.sup.3 gr/cm.sup.2, respectively.

Abstract: A novel method and apparatus for making elastomer sheet utilizing a novel extruder in combination with novel calendering apparatus.

Abstract: A roller die apparatus includes a pair of cylinder rolls which are rotatably and obliquely yieldably mounted on a frame disposed on the output end of a plastic extruding machine. The rolls are biasedly restrained in the frame to permit the obtusely directed movement thereof with respect to the direction of extruded plastic flow. This non-orthogonal movement of the cylindrical roller members facilitates adjustment and cleaning thereof.

Abstract: An equipment for continuously producing tapes in rubbery vulcanizable material, adapted to the manufacture of hoses, the equipment comprising at least one pair of calendering rollers, means for causing a rubbery composition to pass and be calendered into a tape between said rollers, and a set of internally cooled hollow cylinders and guide means for guiding the tape in surface engagement with said cooled cylinders.

Abstract: Herein disclosed are pneumatic tire building method and apparatus for applying a continuous rubber strip on a tire carcass preliminarily wrapped around a tire building drum to produce a pneumatic tire having a tread rubber portion and one or more side rubber portions both of which or any one of which consists of different rubber materials. A pair of calender rollers are positioned in opposing and spaced relation with each other and each having a rotational axis parallel to that of said tire building drum, and at least one comparment plate is vertically disposed on and between said calender rollers in perpendicular relation with said rotational axes of said calender rollers and having a lower edge contoured in sliding contact with said calender rollers. At least one separator relatively movably mounted on said compartment plate and having a lower edge contoured in sliding contact with said calender rollers to separate and joint said calendered rubber materials.

Abstract: The process and apparatus herein is used for achieving multilevel mechanical embossing of a fused or cured wear layer in register with a print on an expanded foam thereunder. The expansion of the decorative foam and fusion of the wear layer are carried out and then the back of the foam is cooled by wetting and liquid evaporation. The wear layer is maintained at a high temperature for embossing and is embossed with registry between the embossed pattern and the printed pattern on the foam. Just prior to embossing, the decorative foam-wear layer web is wrapped around the backup roll of the embossing apparatus, and after embossing, is wrapped partially around the embossing roll of the embossing apparatus.

Abstract: This invention provides a simple and advantageous method for producing plastic moldings with good surface gloss, very excellent transparency and high stiffness from crystalline polypropylene sheets manufactured by a generally employed industrial method without adversely affecting mechanical strength, shape retention at high temperatures and other properties according to a thermoforming process. This invention, more specifically, concerns a method for producing transparent polypropylene molded articles, characterized by heating a polypropylene sheet at a temperature higher than the melting point thereof, stretching it by more than 5%, rapidly cooling it to a temperature of not more than 120.degree. C., and then subjecting the thus treated sheet to thermoforming at a temperature below the melting point of the sheet.

Abstract: An extruder of plastic material has a flat sheet injection head which extrudes directly between the opposed rolls of a calender which reduces the extruded sheet in thickness. The injection head is divided into two halves of which one is fixed to the calender frame while the other is carried by the extruder which is movable away from the calender for cleaning of the injection head. When the two halves of the injection head are in operative position pressure against one of the two halves is provided by a plurality of pressure elements acting between the half of the injection head carried by the extruder and a transverse supporting member of the calender. The pressure elements may be in the form of hydraulic cylinders, a hydraulic cushion or a plurality of wedges actuated by hydraulic cylinders or by movement of the extruder to closed position.

Abstract: In a calender the nip between a pair of rollers, of which one is obliquely adjustable, is bounded at the sides by plates adapted to the geometrical shape of the nip region and provided with slots, into which a control beam, parallel to the obliquely adjustable roller, engages, the ends of the beam are joined to the bearings of this roller, and the plates are arranged on supporting plates so as to be displaceble by means of a guide device, so that the plates, on oblique adjustment of the roller, are moved along a path which is concentric with the surface of the roller which is not obliquely adjustable.

Abstract: A multiple-roll calender for producing thermoplastics films, in which, viewed in the direction of working, a penultimate roll is spaced from the roll which immediately precedes it so that for a period as it travels from said preceding roll to the penultimate roll the material being calendered is not in contact with any of the rolls, and said penultimate roll and a final roll which together define a final working gap, are provided with drive means whereby they can be driven at varying speeds independently of the other rolls.A guide roller may be provided to guide the material centrally into the final working gap or a pull-off roller or pair of pull-off rollers and a constant pressure roller may be provided to guide the material to the final working gap. Alternatively a pull-off roller and a scraper device, defining with the penultimate roll a gap which narrows in a downstream direction may be provided.

Abstract: A screw extruder-calender assemblage consists of a screw extruder and a pair of calender rolls disposed adjacent to the discharge end of the extruder and normal to the lengthwise axis thereof. An equalization chamber between the extruder discharge end and the input side of the calender rolls is formed by the discharge crosswise end of the extruder, peripheral positions of the calender rolls and two side walls; the crosswise width of the chamber adjacent to the calender being equal to the length of the working gap. The quantity of material in this chamber during operation varies with variations in the output of the extruder but always provides a quantity of material sufficient to assure uniform output from the calender rolls.

Abstract: An industrial-sized briquetting press having two independent bearing housings for supporting the drive shafts of the briquette-forming rolls. One of the bearing housings is rigidly mounted and the other is pivotally mounted to the first by a pivot located midway between the longitudinal axes of the drive shafts. The axes are substantially parallel and the pivotally mounted housing moves in the plane of the axes. The rolls are biased together by hydraulic cylinders. Connecting rods attached to the rigidly mounted bearing housing, slidably passing through the pivotally mounted bearing housing and hollow piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders, and supporting the hydraulic cylinders prevent movement of the briquette-forming rolls in relative longitudinal and lateral directions. The press has no overall frame permitting easy access for repair and maintenance and the pivot is demountable permitting removal of the pivotally mounted bearing housing.

Abstract: A multi-roll calender for rubber or synthetic plastics material comprising a pair of rolls mounted at their ends in a calender stand, in which at each of the ends of the pair of rolls, the pair of rolls are rotatably mounted in a bearing block which can be moved to move the pair of rolls together with respect to the calender stand with the gap between the two rolls of the pair rolls maintained constant, one of the rolls of the pair rolls is displaceable relative to the bearing block and to the other roll by having its end engaged in a mounting member which is displaceable in the bearing block, a fixed screw spindle is secured to the mounting member, a rotatable internally threaded sleeve is secured against axial movement in the calender stand and has the fixed screw spindle engagement therein, a drivable worm wheel is rotationally rigidly connected to the internally threaded sleeve, the internally threaded sleeve carries an electromagnetic coupling which can be energised to entrain a spur gear for rotation wi

Abstract: A roll calender, for calendering rubber or synthetic plastics materials and including roll counter bending means and roll oblique positioning means, wherein at least one roll of the calender has journal portions at the ends thereof supported in main support bearings and outer end portions of the journals engaged in spherical bearings, an outer portion of each spherical bearing has each of its two opposite sides rigidly connected to a respective hydraulic cylinder, each hydraulic cylinder has a piston therein with the piston secured to a vertical piston rod, intermediate the ends of the piston rod, such that counter bending of the roll can be effected by pressurisation of the hydraulic cylinders selectively above or below the pistons, and the ends of the piston rod are engaged in respective grooves in respective fixed support members such that said ends are movable horizontally in said grooves in directions substantially perpendicular to the axis of the roll to allow the axis of the roll to be moved into obliq

Abstract: A method of and calender for calendering synthetic plastics film, particularly PVC film, wherein the total roller looping distance of the film around the rolls of the calender is reduced having regard to known five-roll calenders by providing that the material to form the film is fed into a roller gap between a first roller and a third roller, with the first roller set at the same height as the third roller, the film is looped around the third roller for three quarters of the circumference thereof and, during such looping, passes through a second roller gap between the third roller and a second roller disposed beneath the third roller and through a third roller gap between the third roller and a fourth roller disposed above the third roller, the film then being looped around the fourth roller for three quarters of the circumference thereof and, during such looping, passes through a fourth roller gap between the fourth roller and the fifth roller mounted above the fourth roller, the calendered film then being

Abstract: A calender especially suitable for use with rubber and plastic material. One of two opposed rolls is movable toward and away from the other through direct action of long-stroke fluid actuators that move the bearing boxes on opposite ends of the movable roll. Roll spacing is directly sensed by position-sensitive transducers acting between opposed bearing boxes and responsive to the relative roll positions. The transducers signal changes and initiate correction to retain roll spacing at a set distance. The fluid actuators are controlled to separate the rolls upon power failure and to prevent roll contact in the event work product is not between the rolls.