Abstract: Stem cell-based therapies can potentially reverse organ dysfunction and diseases but the removal of impaired tissue and reactivation of the program leading to organ regeneration pose major challenges. In mice, a four-day fasting mimicking diet (FMD) induces a step-wise expression of Sox17 and Pdx-1, resembling that observed during pancreatic development and followed by Ngn3-driven generation of insulin-producing ?-cells. FMD cycles restore insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in both a type 2 and type 1 diabetes mouse models. In human type 1 diabetes pancreatic islets, fasting conditions reduce PKA and mTOR activity and induce Sox2 and Ngn3 expression and insulin production. The effects of the FMD are reversed by IGF-1 treatment and recapitulated by PKA and mTOR inhibition. These results indicate that a FMD promotes the reprogramming of pancreatic cells to restore insulin generation in islets from T1D patients and reverse both T1D and T2D phenotypes in mouse models.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of health food technology, in particular to a traditional Chinese medicine composition, preparation method and use thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is made from Coicis Semen, Hippophae Fructus, Citri Rubrum Exocarpium and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The traditional Chinese medicine composition uses less species of Chinese herbs and has significant effect on reducing the circumference of waist and abdomen, reducing the weight of visceral fat and anti-inflammation by reasonable combination, and does not have side effects.

Abstract: A feed composition for ruminants may include feed particles that contain a saturated fatty acid component as well as a urease inhibitor such that ingestion of the feed by lactating ruminants may provide for an increase in the amount of milk produced by the ruminant and/or an increase in the fat content of the milk produced, and a decrease in ammonia production from breakdown of urea.

Abstract: Refusal-based methods of establishing a cat or dog food preference, which can include methods of selecting a preferred cat or dog food among multiple foods as well as methods of determining palatability are provided. The methods can include presenting a cat or dog with one or more small samples of a test food and observing for refusal behavior, which can include refusing to eat a food sample. Higher numbers of instances of refusal of a particular food can be correlated with lower palatability.

Abstract: An additive for selenium-containing forage, primarily comprising plants or plant parts, such as cereal, corn, grass, or alfalfa, including at least one salt detoxifying inorganic trichothecene and/or zearalenone, with an alkali or earth alkali metal sulfite and perhaps a selenium containing salt being included as the inorganic salt detoxifying trichothecene and/or zearalenone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combination of an anti-toxin, The present invention relates to a combination of an anti-toxin, an immunomodulator and a component that provides energy to mucosal cells, which may be useful for decreasing effects of Clostridia sp. or coccidia sp based diseases or other enteric diseases or by generally improving gastro intestinal health or function.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for promoting reduction of heat stress in animals, as well as a composition for use in the disclosed method. The composition comprises a glucan, silica, mineral clay, mannan, and optionally an endoglucanohydrolase, and may be administered to an animal that is susceptible to or suffers from heat stress.

Abstract: The invention provides dry pet food diet compositions that include visible micronutrient particles comprising micronutrients, and improved methods for their preparation. The methods provide pet food diet compositions that have improved palatability and retention of micronutrients.

Abstract: A method is provided, comprising feeding a cat a foodstuff comprising a protein to fat ratio of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis, and measuring the level of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in a blood sample from the cat before and after feeding the foodstuff. A reduction in GIP levels and/or maintaining low levels of GIP post-prandially is indicative of a foodstuff useful in preventing accumulation of and/or reducing body fat in a cat and therefore controlling the body weight of a cat.

Abstract: The present invention relates to system and methods for assessing and improving an infant's oral feeding skills. The system comprises a “smart” baby feeding device comprising an instrumented baby bottle with a battery-powered monitoring module wirelessly connected to a remote device (e.g., smart phone, tablet, laptop, PC, data processing device). The purpose of the remote device is to monitor (in real time) and measure the frequency and quality of feedings of new-born babies to help optimize feeding development by providing real-time feeding performance information back to the caregiver. The information collected is of assistance in minimizing feeding difficulties and correcting feeding deficiencies.

Abstract: A system for the protection against degradation during pelleting of one or more physiologically or pharmacologically active substances, comprising compositions in the form of micro particles or granules, particularly for use in the zootechnical and/or veterinary field. The micro particles include a core which contains one or more substances having a pharmacological action, food supplements or diagnostic media, said one or more substances being characterized by the presence, within their chemical structure, of a basic functional group, specifically including an amine functional group. The core comprises also one or more carboxylic acids and/or their salts and eventually one or more excipients. Said core is coated by an outer layer of fats or waxes, and preferably by a mixture of glyceride of fatty acids.

Abstract: The present application discloses a nutritional composition for tonifying kidney. The nutritional composition comprises the following components of raw materials in parts by weight: rice 50-90, yellow millet 7-25, gordon euryale seed 3-14, Chinese yam 2-11, lycium barbarum 0.4-1.6, and poria 0.3-1.5. The present invention, in view of the kidney's main function of reserving and storing the essence of internal organs of the body, complies with the functional characteristics that it is appropriate to reserve rather than consume the kidney, and provides the prescription for more nourishment and less loss and suitable to cooperate with staple foods for long-term consumption, and it is easily accepted by people due to the good taste, and can achieve certain efficacies of tonifying the kidney and disinhibiting the body.

Abstract: A pet food composition specifically formulated for a small dog can include a combination of specific antioxidants, amino acids, metabolism components, and bone health components to maintain health. Methods of maintaining health and modulating select health parameters are also provided.

Abstract: Novel polyanionic polymers including families of repeat units, such as maleic, itaconic, and sulfonate repeat units. The polymers are at least tetrapolymers and may be in the acid form or as partial or complete salts. The polymers may be synthesized using free radical initiators in the presence of vanadium compounds. The polymers have a variety of uses, particularly in agricultural contexts.

Abstract: The invention relates to animal feeds and feed premixes containing synergistically effective amounts of betaine hydrochloride and a phytase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a quality control marker and method of using such marker in qualitative and quantitative authentication of Cordyceps sinensis, which is known as a Chinese medicine under the name of Dongchong Xiacao .

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic feeder and a feeding pipe thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to direct-fed microbials for use in E. coli inhibition in animals. More particularly, the invention relates to isolated Bacillus strains 101, 235, 77, 177, and 102 and strains having all of the identifying characteristics of these strains, for a use comprising the above-mentioned use. The invention can also be used for treatment of plants and in food processing.

Abstract: A reconstituted reduced FODMAPS wheat gluten protein-based flour is disclosed for use in producing a food product suitable for consumption by a wheat intolerant consumer without development of associated defining symptoms of wheat intolerance The reduced FODMAPS wheat gluten protein-based flour includes as a constituent a proportion of wheat gluten protein recovered from a source wheat flour and additional constituents of types which have been recovered from wheat flour or other non-wheat source and which have been substantially depleted of FODMAPS content.

Abstract: Provided herein is an assay apparatus comprising at least one assay module; and a portable frame adapted to releasably retain the at least one assay module. The at least one assay module is adapted to perform at least one assay. The assay module comprises a sample receiver and an assay device operatively associated with the sample receiver. In some embodiments, the assay apparatus further comprises at least one functional module releasably retained by the portable frame. The functional module is operatively associated with the assay module when retained by the portable frame.

Abstract: A method and composition for dietary supplementation of ruminants with folic acid in a manner that assures the folic acid will not be consumed by rumen bacteria and instead will pass through to the intestine and to the animal's blood serum in order to enhance milk production. The folic acid in water is mixed with a water soluble metal salt of zinc, copper, iron or manganese or mixtures thereof to form a metal folate complex.

Abstract: A method and composition for dietary supplementation of ruminants with folic acid in a manner that assures the folic acid will not be consumed by rumen bacteria and instead will pass through to the intestine and to the animal's blood serum in order to enhance milk production. The folic acid in water is mixed with a water soluble metal salt of zinc, copper, iron or manganese or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Method and system for providing diabetes management and insulin therapy based on substantially real time glucose monitoring system is provided.

Abstract: An animal feed such as a milk replacer includes a soluble fiber and a sugar alcohol. The milk replacer enhances weight gain, starter intake and reduces weaning time. The method of feeding the animal includes feeding a mixture of a soluble fiber and sugar alcohol. The animal feed may be used as a method of weaning young ruminants such as calves.

Abstract: Nutritional compositions for general stress reduction and recovery from stress containing certain amounts of five key ingredients: creatine, EGCG, L-carnitine, lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) essential oil, and passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) essential oil. Methods of reducing stress utilizing said compositions also is disclosed.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer readable storage medium for producing a verified enriched shell egg (VESE) and the resulting VESE therefrom can comprise a method of production and verification. The method of production and verification can ensure that the VESE has a reduced risk of presence of Salmonella enteritidis, has high desirable nutrient contents, low undesirable nutrient contents, and good egg and shell qualities. Additionally, a method of tracking the VESE throughout the entire process can be included, as well as a method for indicating an egg has been produced as part of the VESE method.

Abstract: A method for inducing satiety in a human subject is disclosed, the method providing a satiety-inducing effect by the administration of, or provision of, a food product comprising less than about 15 grams of total protein, and between about 1.0 to about 3.5 grams of total leucine. The leucine is provided by the total protein and a leucine peptide composition comprising bound leucine.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of producing hemicellulose and conversion products thereof from a biomass. Also provided are hemicellulose products and other conversion products thereof.

Abstract: A non-antibiotic feed includes the following components by weight: 330-700 parts of corn, 140-230 parts of soybean meal, 80-210 parts of corn gluten meal, 35-150 parts of oil bran, 15-43 parts of rapeseed meal, 80-130 parts of wheat middling, and a feed additive. The feed additive can include various ingredients, including selenium and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The feed provides improved survival rate for poultry without using antibiotics.

Abstract: A method that includes clarifying a thin stillage product in a mechanical processor to produce a fine suspended solids stream and a clarified thin stillage is provided. The method further includes providing the thin stillage product and the clarified thin stillage, separately or in a combined stream, to one or more evaporators to produce one or more reduced suspended solids streams, each stream having a reduced amount of suspended solids and a lower viscosity as compared to process streams having a comparable total solids content but containing a higher amount of suspended solids. The method can further included further processing of one or more of the reduced suspended solids streams to produce a bio-oil product.

Abstract: Methods and formulations for batch-mixing flavonoid tinctures and infusing the flavonoid batch-mixed tincture into a food, beverage, cosmetic or drug products with minimal or no effect on the alcohol by volume of the product, and to precisely deliver the desired mixture concentration of the flavonoids, is provided. A batch-mixed flavonoid tincture includes an amount of at least two individual flavonoid tinctures, each flavonoid tincture being a mixture of at least a flavonoid and a solvent. The batch-mixed tincture is added to various food and beverages, or alternatively directly administered to a human or animal, to make a bioavailable amount of flavonoids to be absorbed and metabolized by the body providing demonstrated health benefits.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a composition and/or method may include a toxin binding system formulated for safe and effective mixture into various feed rations which are fed to monogastric and ruminant animals such as poultry, swine, cows, cattle, and fish, among others. The toxin binding system includes novel combinations of one or more of an organoclay, an activated hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate clay, and a synthetic hectorite clay. In some embodiments, the binding composition may include organoclay, bentonite, hectorite, Leonardite, and/or any combination thereof. The toxin binding complex may effectively bind mycotoxins, endotoxins and some pesticides in the animal's digestive system, preventing their absorption and the consequent damages to the animal. This binding action includes the T-2 toxin, which can start their damaging action in the animal's mouth, hence, offering protection from oral lesions.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system for dispensing pet food includes a chamber, a transport conveyor, a blade, and an extractor. The chamber may dispense a pet found pouch to the transport conveyer. The transport conveyor may receive the pet food pouch and transport the pet food pouch to the blade wherein the blade may cut open the pet food pouch. The transport conveyor may then move the opened pet food pouch to the extractor. The transport conveyor may activate the extractor causing the extractor to lower onto the transport conveyor and extract pet food from the pet food pouch into a food tray. The transport conveyor may dispose the pet food pouch into a trash tray by releasing a trapdoor.

Abstract: Disclosed are steviol glycosides referred to as rebaudioside V and rebaudioside W. Also disclosed are methods for producing rebaudioside M (Reb M), rebausoside G (Reb G), rebaudioside KA (Reb KA), rebaudioside V (Reb V) and rebaudioside (Reb W).

Abstract: Methods are provided for assaying whether a Bacillus composition comprising at least one Bacillus strain is capable of increasing the amount of sugar available from animal feed comprising non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in vivo when the Bacillus composition and animal feed are fed to an animal. Methods also are provided for increasing the amount of sugar available from animal feed comprising non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) when the animal feed is fed to an animal, comprising adding to the animal feed a Bacillus composition comprising at least one Bacillus strain, wherein the composition produces 120 hexose equivalents (?mol/ml) or more when measured by the method described herein.

Abstract: This invention relates to bio-renewable fertilizer compositions and methods of making and using the bio-renewable fertilizer compositions. In particular, the fertilizer compositions include biodegradable nutrient carriers, which have naturally derived, bio-renewable nitrogen content. The fertilizer compositions also contain biodegradable stabilizer.

Abstract: Heat-processed health food is provided, as well as a process for making it, the food being particularly probiotic pastry which comprises a probiotic component capable of resisting baking heat, and so it beneficially affects the consumer's intestinal microbial balance.

Abstract: A chelated zinc adjuvant composition includes water, an effective amount of a micronutrient consisting of zinc chelated with an organic acid and an organic amine, a mono-, di- or polysaccharide and an alkyl polysaccharide. The adjuvant has a pH of up to 6.5. When admixed with a pesticide capable of precipitating with the zinc, due to the zinc being chelated, the zinc is prevented from precipitating with the pesticide and is available for uptake. When the adjuvant composition is applied in seed, soil, foliage or fruit applications, zinc uptake is improved.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method for enhancing the stability of a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) or a HMO precursor or a HMO blend when stored for extended periods at temperatures above 25° C. by spray-drying an aqueous solution of the HMO or HMO precursor to remove at least 90% of the water and providing a HMO or a HMO precursor or a HMO blend with a specific glass transition temperature. Also disclosed is a method for removing organic solvent residues from a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) or a HMO precursor or a HMO blend by spray drying. Also disclosed is a method of enhancing the bioavailability of a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) or a HMO precursor or a HMO blend by spray drying.

Abstract: Young animals such as calves may be fed milk replacers containing soy having been preserved through treatment with acid-producing bacteria that reduces a pH of the milk replacer through microbial digestion of sugars present in soy to thereby produce a fermented milk replacer. The milk replacer is edible for at least 48 hours and its digestibility in the young animals is increased due to the microbial digestion of sugars in the soy that are otherwise indigestible in the gut of the young animals. The fermented milk replacers may be ingested by young animals in group settings. In addition, the milk replacers containing soy may be treated with enzymes adapted to hydrolyze complex indigestible carbohydrates within the milk replacer, potassium sorbate or both. Feeding systems incorporating these fermented milk replacers may result in increased gain and increased dry matter intake without negatively affecting animal health.

Abstract: One embodiment described herein is related to methods and compositions, such as nutraceutical formulations and dietary supplements, comprising C16:1n7-palmitoleate or derivatives thereof. The methods and compositions comprising C16:1n7-palmitoleate, or derivatives thereof, safely and effectively prevent or mitigate manifestations of cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease and the accumulation of cholesterol or lipid deposits in the blood vessels of a subject.

Abstract: Disclosed are stabilized nutritional compositions having a stabilizer system including starch, or a combination of starch and maltotriose, and methods for manufacturing the compositions. The retrogradation effect commonly seen with starch stabilizers is substantially reduced or even eliminated in the disclosed nutritional compositions.

Abstract: Flavonoid compositions containing the flavonoid quercetin and/or derivatives of quercetin are disclosed. The flavonoid compositions are formulated to improve the bioavailability of quercetin. Also provided herein are methods for improving athletic performance, improving cardiovascular health, and aiding in immune response and methods of improving athletic performance, improving bone health, preventing fatigue, reducing recovery time after exercise, countering oxidative stress, and/or boosting energy.

Abstract: The invention is related to compositions including sulfide binding agents and related methods. In an embodiment, the invention includes a composition including saponins, and a sulfide binding agent, the sulfide binding agent comprising a metal containing compound. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method of processing animal feed including contacting an animal feed material with a composition, the composition comprising a sulfide binding agent, the sulfide binding agent comprising a metal containing compound. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method of treating animals for dietary sulfur overload including administering to an animal an effective amount of a composition comprising a sulfide binding agent, the sulfide binding agent comprising a metal containing compound.

Abstract: The invention concerns herbal compositions which improve lactation of farmed livestock comprising an effective amount of an extract and/or at least one bioactive fraction or powder from herbs such as Asparagus, Gossypium, Foeniculum, Lepidium, Chlorophytum, Ipomoea, Withania, Leptadenia and optionally dicalcium phosphate, chelated minerals and/or mineral mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a diet product comprising an alginate in an aqueous dissolved or swelled form at a pH value causing the alginate not to gel until after it is consumed and comes into contact gastric acid.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of reducing the incidence of oxidative stress in infants, toddlers, and children using nutritional compositions including human milk oligosaccharides. The nutritional compositions including the human milk oligosaccharides are effective at reducing inflammation and the incidence of inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to use of a tall oil fatty acid in enhancing rumen fermentation and/or lowering rumen methane production. The invention further relates to use of a feed supplement and a feed composition comprising tall oil fatty acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to use of a tall oil fatty acid which is modified by saponification in the modulation of microbial population of the animal digestive tract.

Abstract: The present invention provides a controlling agent for a disease caused by a Clostridium bacterium, comprising a cashew nut shell liquid, a heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid, cardanol, or anacardic acid and cardanol.