Abstract: A sheet manufacturing method includes a mixing step of mixing a fiber and a resin powder in air, and a sheet forming step of accumulating and heating a mixture mixed in the mixing step to form a sheet. The resin powder has a volume average particle diameter of equal to or less than 50 ?m, and an absolute value of an average charging amount in a range of 5 (?C/g) to 40 (?C/g).

Abstract: Electrochemical processes and systems for preserving perishable food are described. The process and system allow for the preservation of perishable food in the presence of water moisture, melanin, or a precursor, derivative, analog, or variant of melanin, and electromagnetic energy, such as visible or invisible light energy. There exists a need in the art for improved methods and processes for preserving perishable foods that overcome certain disadvantages associated with known methods for preserving perishable food, such as addition of preservatives, refrigeration/freezing, drying/dehydration of food, and storage under vacuum. The invention satisfies this need by providing a process and system for preserving perishable food in the presence of water moisture, electromagnetic energy, and melanin, melanin precursors, melanin derivatives, melanin analogs, or melanin variants.

Abstract: A system and method for emitting a wavelength of energy internal to a medium or internal to a human or animal subject, and methods for using the system in the treatment of a condition, disorder, or disease. The system includes 1) a source configured to produce an initiation signal penetrating at least a part of the medium or the human or animal subject and 2) an insertion device having an electronics assembly unit. The assembly unit includes 1) an emitter configured to emit the wavelength of energy of a predetermined type to treat a disease or disorder in the human or animal subject or to produce a change in the medium and 2) a receiver that receives the signal.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in two or more vaults that can share a common wall.

Abstract: This application discloses a glass pane bombardment degassing device. The glass pane bombardment degassing device comprises a vacuum box body, a glass pane carrying device, an inlet and an outlet arranged on the vacuum box body for the glass pane carrying device to enter or exit the body, a bottom plate arranged on the glass pane carrying device to stack a plurality of glass panes stacked, every two adjacent glass panes being separated from each other, and a bombardment device placed inside the vacuum box body. The bombardment device includes a first and a second electrodes arranged in an up-and-down opposite way and connected with a positive electrode of a power supply, a moving electrode arranged between the first and second electrodes and connected with a negative electrode of the power supply, to generate ion or electron streams performing bombardment degassing to glass panes.

Abstract: A method and a system for producing a change in a medium. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the energy modulation agent.

Abstract: PCI (Plasmacluster Ion) ions are released for approximately five minutes to a food such as vegetables, at a temperature of around 40° C. in a no-air flowing state and with no steam present.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.

Abstract: Corn or soy plant biomass is electron beam irradiation processed and saccharified to produce sugars. The sugars are then converted to products such as alcohols, organic acids, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, oils, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.

Abstract: A method and a system for producing a change in a medium. The method places in a vicinity of the medium an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The energy modulation agent has a normal predominant emission of radiation in a first wavelength range outside of a second wavelength range (WR2) known to produce the change, but under exposure to the applied initiation energy produces the change. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the energy modulation agent.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.

Abstract: This invention pertains to dental bones made from one, or several of, fresh or dried: beef skin, pork skin, lamb skin, poultry skin, rabbit skin, or fish skin as raw material; washing said raw material; turning said raw materials into skin paste; turning said skin paste into gelatin; adding additional ingredients to said gelatin; mixing said additional ingredients in said gelatin; cooling said mixed gelatin; cutting said mixed gelatin; drying said cut gelatin; and injecting said dried cut gelatin into a mold. The finished product has a longer expiration date, tastes better, and is healthier for pets.

Abstract: The present document describes a process for the sterilization and/or pasteurization of sap without denaturing polyphenols and other ingredients present therein, and a sap product prepared from the processes.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.

Abstract: A water soluble bag for containing soiled textiles, said bag having an open end, a closed end, and sides extending therebetween, said bag made of a plastic film having a thickness of at least 1.3 mils, wherein said bag dissolves in water at a temperature of 165° F. in less than about 250 seconds and does not dissolve in water at a temperature of 85° F. in 7 days, and said bag being capable of containing at least 175 lbs. of soiled textiles and having a capacity of at least 50 gallons. Also disclosed is a receptacle for collecting soiled textiles comprising a container and a water soluble bag. Also disclosed is a receptacle for collecting soiled textiles comprising a container, a sling, and a water soluble bag.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.

Abstract: Methods of processing four-legged animals are described. The methods comprise contacting a carcass of an animal, after exsanguination, with a microbiocidal solution, and/or contacting at least one raw meat product and/or at least one processed meat product derived from the carcass with a microbiocidal solution. Each microbiocidal solution is, independently, comprised of: water having a bromine residual derived from (a) (i) at least one bromine source, (ii) at least one alkali metal base, and/or at least one alkaline earth metal base, and (iii) at least one halogen stabilizer; (b) (i) at least one alkali metal bromide, and/or at least one alkaline earth metal bromide, and (ii) at least one alkali metal hypohalite and/or at least one alkaline earth metal hypohalite; or (c) a mixture or combination of one or more of (a) and/or (b); the bromine residual in each (a), (b), and (c) sufficient to provide microbiocidal activity.

Abstract: The present document describes an apparatus, and processes for the sterilization and/or pasteurization of sap without denaturing polyphenols and other ingredients present therein, and a sap product prepared from the processes

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.

Abstract: This invention pertains to making pet food; more specifically, it involves making pet chews or jerky from either one, or a combination of: poultry, meat, rabbit, fish, pork skin, beef skin, rabbit skin, or fish skin. The ingredients can then be cut into pieces or cubes, minced into paste, or molded into shapes; then frozen; followed by a process of vacuum microwave drying; sterilization; then packaging. The final product presents the same color and often a strong fragrance of the original ingredients. This process protects both the nutrition of the original ingredients and its appetizing characteristics. Among other things, it could be a meaty pet snack, or it could be used as a nutrition supplement for your pet after proper rehydration.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.

Abstract: A method for imparting color stability and textural stability to cut kiwi, which can be fresh, or optionally individually quick-frozen (IQF) treated, using several stages including cutting, alkalinization of the fruit pulp, infusion of soluble stabilizing agents by immersion in an alkaline solution of said stabilizing agents to give the necessary firmness and texture integrity, infusion of dyeing agents by immersion in an alkaline color solution, fixation of said color and stabilizing agents in an acidic solution that has been enriched with polyvalent cations, to preserve and extend the shelf life.

Abstract: A method to stabilized and impart color to strawberries, which can be fresh, or optionally IQF treated. This method comprises several stages including cuticle removal, alkalinization of the fruit pulp, infusion of a soluble stabilizing agent by immersion in an alkaline media to give the necessary firmness and texture integrity, infusion of dyeing agents by immersion in an alkaline color solution, fixation of said color and stabilizing agents in an acidic solution that has been enriched with polyvalent cations, and ulterior processes to preserve and extend the shelf life.

Abstract: A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for removal of pesticide residues from aqueous solutions and food products by ionizing radiation. Standard pesticides concentrations recognized by international organizations as maximum residues limit (MRLs) were used as the targeted concentrations in both aqueous solutions and food products. Commercially known pesticides and recommended irradiation doses by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were selected for this investigation. Aqueous solutions and food products fortified with pesticide residues were subjected to selected doses of ionizing radiation. Radiation-induced removal of pesticide residues is generally greater in aqueous solutions than in food products. Ionizing radiation can reduce the residues of pirimiphos-methyl in potatoes, grapes and dates; malathion and cypermethrin in grapes to below MRLs at the recommended irradiation doses.

Abstract: Disclosed are: dry tomatoes having excellent texture, flavor, and appearance, as well as being readily producible; and processed tomatoes suitable as a raw material for producing such dry tomatoes.

Abstract: A method and a system for producing a change in a medium. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the energy modulation agent.

Abstract: Method steps to manufacture non-alcoholic and alcoholic toddy drinks by use of only irradiation (gamma irradiation) or only filtering. The present invention will enable the shelf life of the toddy drink to be extended for several months and possibly years without change in the nature and taste of the toddy drink. One embodiment of the present invention can be used to preserve the toddy drink before fermentation starts to produce a sweet organic soft (non-alcoholic) drink. Another embodiment can be used to control fermentation of the toddy drink to produce a sweet organic hard (alcoholic) drink. Irradiation or filtration keeps the food material almost intact and at the same time destroys the microbes and parasites. Irradiation can be done after packing or bottling in small measures or in bulk quantities. Filtration is performed in bulk quantities.

Abstract: Edible residues of ethanol production, e.g., distillers grains and solubles, are produced that are low in, or substantially free from, antibiotic residues. Antibiotics or bacteria present in edible residues resulting from ethanol production are inactivated by irradiating the edible residues.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to food products and methods and systems for producing such products. The food products of the present invention may include uncooked crab meat from species within Decopada Infrorders Anomura (i.e., King Crab and the like) and Brachyura (i.e., Swimming Crabs and the like) that has been treated with an agent to promote gelation without cooking the meat.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a beverage product, including mixing at least two product flows, wherein at least one of the at least two product flows is sterilized before mixing without heating.

Abstract: A method of processing meat is described. Embodiments of the method include treating a surface of intact meat while leaving a portion of an interior of the piece of intact meat uncooked. Surface treatment can reduce microorganism abundance on the surface. The surface-treated intact meat is subsequently ground. Surface-treatment includes, but is not limited to, heating the surface, irradiating the surface with ionizing or non-ionizing radiation, or treating the surface with an antimicrobial chemical. The surface-treatment prevents or reduces infusing microorganisms throughout the ground meat during grinding, resulting in ground meat that is safe for human consumption without being thoroughly cooked. Accordingly, hamburger or other ground meat can be served rare or otherwise undercooked and be safe for human consumption.

Abstract: A method of making a drawing on a chocolate by causing a pulsed laser to irradiate the surface of a solid chocolate under limited operation conditions, and a chocolate manufactured by said method are provided. The irradiation energy per pulse and the irradiation energy per sweeping unit line length of the pulsed laser are limited to a certain range. The trace of the laser irradiation remains circular or arc-shaped on the surface of the chocolate manufactured under the above conditions. Further, the method makes a drawing on the surface of the chocolate, using the phenomenon that chocolate changes color when being irradiated by a pulsed laser under the above operation conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method of using electrons to perform at least one operation are disclosed. An apparatus may include groups of carbon nanotubes capable of emitting a relatively large number of electrons for use in performing operations such as sterilization, purification, deodorization, cleaning, cross-linking, pest control, pathogen control, chain-scissioning associated with surface modification, waste treatment, etc. Each group of carbon nanotubes may be aligned with a respective opening in a member, where the member may be coupled with a membrane capable of transmitting electrons. Electrons may be emitted from the carbon nanotubes by applying a vacuum to the carbon nanotubes and also applying an electric potential between the carbon nanotubes and the member. As such, electrons from a plurality of groups of carbon nanotubes may generate an electron flow that can be used to perform one or more operations on a fluid, object, or other type of component.

Abstract: This invention concerns the process of creating an energy supplement product, good also as an anti-aging, aphrodisiac and as an alternative source to prevent or to remedy some diseases. The product is a composition of five ingredients: four marine animals (sea cucumber, sea urchin, sea sponge, and shark fin), and an algae called Sargassum. These ingredients are sterilized and then dried by using isothermal isotopes, reduced to powder, measured and encapsulated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biodegradable protein based thermoset compositions formulated from a powder of a dry and finely ground protein material, from which the water has been thoroughly removed, an anhydrous and liquid alcohol and other optional additives. The inventions also relates to the method for obtaining these compositions in which the components are homogeneously mixed, under controlled conditions of temperature and moisture, to obtain a homogenous and shelf-cohesive mass, that can be shaped in any predetermined form by diverse molding methods, being readily set through the application of a certain amount of heat during a short period of time, which enables it to turn into a solid shaped body or article through a very simple process.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for removal of pesticide residues from aqueous solutions and food products by ionizing radiation. Standard pesticides concentrations recognized by international organizations as maximum residues limit (MRLs) were used as the targeted concentrations in both aqueous solutions and food products. Commercially known pesticides and recommended irradiation doses by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were selected for this investigation. Aqueous solutions and food products fortified with pesticide residues were subjected to selected doses of ionizing radiation. Radiation-induced removal of pesticide residues is generally greater in aqueous solutions than in food products. Ionizing radiation can reduce the residues of pirimiphos-methyl in potatoes, grapes and dates; malathion and cypermethrin in grapes to below MRLs at the recommended irradiation doses.

Abstract: The invention is a method, triggering unit, and system for activating an oxygen scavenging composition at high speeds. The triggering unit includes a plurality of UV lamps that can operate at increased temperatures and have high output intensites from about 10 to 35 mW/cm2. The triggering unit can activate films at speeds from about 20 to 100 fps. Mercury amalgam lamps are useful in the practice of the invention. The invention also includes a UV dose management system and film tensioning system that facilitates triggering at high film speeds. The UV dose management system controls the amount of UV exposure that the film receives so that the oxygen scavenging rate of the activated composition can be controlled.

Abstract: A cooking device includes a cooking chamber; a first deodorization region along which air from the cooking chamber flows and in which a plasma discharge is generated for removing odor-producing materials generated in the cooking chamber from the air; and a bypass region along which air from the cooking chamber flows to bypass the first deodorization region.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for activating an oxygen scavenging composition that includes a plurality of UV lamps arranged in a bank and disposed in a UV chamber; the UV lamps include first and second sides through which UV light is transmittable. A series of guide rolls disposed in the UV chamber define a film pathway for directing a film in close proximity with the first and second sides of the UV lamps. The UV shade is arranged to wrap about the first and second sides of the UV lamps, and may be configured to move between an open, partially open, and closed position so that the dosage of UV light to which the film is exposed may be controlled by adjusting the degree to which the shade is open. As a result, the UV shade may limit UV exposure without having to turn off the UV lamps.

Abstract: The present application provides an aseptic dosing system for dispensing a micro-ingredient. The aseptic dosing system may include a micro-ingredient source adapted to dispense the micro-ingredient, a sterilizer downstream of the micro-ingredient source configured to sterilize the micro-ingredient, and a nozzle downstream of the sterilizer configured to reconstitute the micro-ingredient in or downstream thereof.

Abstract: The present invention includes a system, methods and apparatus for sterilization of an object (e.g., food products). The present invention takes advantage of the electron scatter that occurs when electron beam is applied onto a surface. The present invention is capable of treating irregular surfaces (e.g., carcasses, spherical/round surfaces) or any type of surface where complete penetration is not needed or desired.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of marking a substrate comprising treating the substrate with a boron compound and a charrable agent, and, irradiating the areas of the substrate to be marked such that those areas change colour. Marked substrates obtainable by this method are also provided.

Abstract: A system and method of packaging a food product which provides a long shelf life, wherein the food product is cooked on rollers heated to 500° to 550° F. degrees in an oven heated to 750° to 800° F. for less than ten minutes and then enters a blast chiller at about 5° F. After cooling the product to 40° F. the product is placed in a cook-in bag, seasonings are added and the bag is vacuum-sealed and stored in a cooler at about 40° F. or lower. The seasonings are irradiated prior to being added to the food product to further control pathogen growth.

Abstract: Methods for producing food products by forming a meat emulsion, processing the meat emulsion to produce one or more meat emulsion chunks, drying the meat emulsion chunks, and combining the dried meat emulsion chunks and one or more hydrating agents to produce a food product having a very realistic meat-like image or appearance similar to that of muscle meat.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.

Abstract: Edges of English muffins and certain other types of bread products known to burn during toasting are protected from burning by a bread product edge toasting shield. One embodiment of the bread product edge shield is a baffle formed of orthogonal or substantially orthogonal metal strips. A second embodiment is a cylindrical tube. The edge toasting shield blocks infrared energy waves that would otherwise be incident upon the bread product edges at angles of incidence less than about eighty degrees relative to horizontal.

Abstract: This invention relates to enhancing a gas-phase reaction in a plasma comprising: creating plasma (104) by at least one plasma source (106), and wherein that the method further comprises: generating ultrasonic high intensity and high power acoustic waves (102) having a predetermined amount of acoustic energy by at least one ultrasonic high intensity and high power gas-jet acoustic wave generator (101), where said ultrasonic high intensity and high power acoustic waves are directed to propagate towards said plasma (104) so that at least a part of said predetermined amount of acoustic energy is absorbed into said plasma (104), and where a sound pressure level of said generated ultrasonic high intensity and high power acoustic waves (102) is at least substantially 140 dB and where an acoustic power of said generated ultrasonic high intensity and high power acoustic waves (102) is at least substantially 100 W.