Abstract: A method for producing a shelf stable, spreadable high viscosity maple syrup product is provided, which comprises adding a sucrose-cleaving enzyme to maple syrup and incubating the resulting solution. Also provided is a shelf stable, spreadable maple syrup product with a consistency similar to that of honey, which may be used as a spread, or sweetener or a topping. It is also suitable for use in pure maple-based products.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of producing plant proteins for use in nutritional products that have reduced levels of phytoestrogens, manganese or nucleotides. More specifically, this invention is directed to a method of using ion exchange technology to remove phytoestrogens, manganese or nucleotides from plant proteins. This invention is also directed to the plant protein product resulting from the inventive process and to nutritional products that use the plant protein product as a source of amino nitrogen.

Abstract: A food or pharmaceutical composition including a liquid composition comprising the liquid fermentation broth product of a biologically active substance, in a carbohydrate medium other than dairy whey wherein said liquid fermentation broth product has not been subject to any concentrating or drying steps prior to introduction of the broth product into said food or pharmaceutical composition is provided.

Abstract: A food or pharmaceutical composition including a liquid composition comprising the liquid fermentation broth product of a biologically active substance, in a carbohydrate medium other than dairy whey wherein said liquid fermentation broth product has not been subject to any concentrating or drying steps prior to introduction of the broth product into said food or pharmaceutical composition is provided.

Abstract: Bakery products such as bread obtained by adding the functions of fructo-oligosaccharide so as not to impair tastes and eating feeling. By eating such bakery products, the functions of fructo-oligosaccharide reveal. A bakery product such as croissant and panettone containing fructo-oligosaccharide is obtained by fermenting a mixture of fructo-oligosaccharide and flour as a major ingredient with a madre containing Saccharomyces exiguus, Lactobacillus sanfrancisco and Lactobacillus comoensis, and baking the dough thus obtained.

Abstract: A food or pharmaceutical composition including a liquid composition comprising the liquid fermentation broth product of a biologically active substance, in a carbohydrate medium other than dairy whey wherein said liquid fermentation broth product has not been subject to any concentrating or drying steps prior to introduction of the broth product into said food or pharmaceutical composition is provided.

Abstract: Processes for the production of isoflavones are described wherein plant material from plants of the genus leguminosae are contacted with water, an enzyme which cleaves isoflavone glycosides to the aglucone form and a C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 organic solvent, so as to form a combination, incubating the combination for a time sufficient to allow isoflavones of the aglucone form to partition into the organic solvent component, and thereafter recovering isoflavones from the organic solvent component.

Abstract: A process for producing a seasoning sauce, in which a microbial starter culture is cultured on a substrate containing an animal protein source to give a koji and is then mashed and further fermented. Soy sauce technology can be successfully carried out on an animal raw material, without the disadvantages conventionally resulting in this case occurring, if the raw material used is smoked pork rind, in particular a smoked rind residue as arises in the production of smoked ham, preferably together with a vegetable protein source and/or carbohydrate source. This provides a soy sauce having a novel flavor with a full meaty to grilled flavor.

Abstract: At least one enzyme selected from .alpha.-amylase of various types, an oligosaccharide-forming amylase, .beta.-amylase and a debranching enzyme and an enzyme capable of forming nigerooligosaccharide by transglycosylation and/or condensation reaction are allowed to successively or simultaneously act on a material comprised of at least one selected from i) starch, ii) a maltooligosaccharide with a degree of polymerization not lower than maltose and iii) a dextrin, to form nigerooligosaccharide, which is thereafter optionally reduced to obtain a starch sugar composition containing the nigerooligosaccharide or a reduction product thereof. This starch sugar composition may be added to food and drink as at least part of its sweeteners, whereby various advantages can be provided, e.g., not only a sweetness can be imparted, but also the quality of sweetness can be improved, and the moisture retention of foods can be improved.

Abstract: A thermostable trehalose phosphorylase which is obtainable from microorganisms of the genus Thermoanaerobium and which hydrolyzes trehalose in the presence of an inorganic phosphoric acid to form D-glucose and .beta.-D-glucose-1-phosphoric acid. The trehalose phosphorylase can be also prepared by recombinant DNA technology. When the enzyme is allowed to contact with .beta.-D-glucose-1-phosphoric acid as a saccharide donor in the presence of other saccharides, glucosyl-transferred saccharides including glucosyl-D-galactoside, which are conventionally known but scarcely obtainable, can be produced on an industrial-scale and in a relatively-low cost.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of producing plant proteins for use in nutritional products that have reduced levels of phytoestrogens, manganese or nucleotides. More specifically, this invention is directed to a method of using ion exchange technology to remove phytoestrogens, manganese or nucleotides from plant proteins. This invention is also directed to the plant protein product resulting from the inventive process and to nutritional products that use the plant protein product as a source of amino nitrogen.

Abstract: A microcrystalline starch-based product comprising microcrystalline starch, glucose and short chain glucooligosaccharides and having an average particle size of less than about 10 .mu., and a process for making the microcrystalline starch-based product consisting of optionally debranching, retrograding and hydrolyzing a starch are disclosed. Also disclosed are food formulations comprising the microcrystalline resistant starch-based product.

Abstract: A flavorant agent is prepared by incubating a medium of baker's yeast, elemental sulfur and a reducing sugar to obtain a reaction medium from which hydrogen sulfide gas evolves and then the reaction medium is treated with heat to obtain the flavorant agent. A further flavorant agent is obtained by separating the supernatant of the reaction medium from reaction medium residue, and the reaction medium or supernatant may be mixed with a flavor precursor material and heated to obtain a flavorant composition.

Abstract: Microorganisms which are able to produce maltose/trehalose conversion enzyme, a novel enzyme, are cultivated in nutrient culture media with malose. During the cultivation, the microorganisms readily convert maltose into trehalose to accumulate trehalose in the cultures which yield saccharide mixtures with high trehalose contents when separated from insoluble substances. Removal of contaminant saccharides and subsequent crystallization readily yield trehalose in crystalline trehalose hydrate or anhydrous crystalline form. The trehalose and saccharide mixture containing the same commonly bear desirable properties including mild sweetness and superior stability which render them very useful in a variety of compositions indlucing food products, cosmetics and medicines.

Abstract: A process which permits the facile conversion of green bananas to a sugar syrup uses a sequence of steps involving grinding the bananas, heating the bananas, treating the bananas with an alpha amylase to convert the starch granules into lower molecular weight molecules (liquefaction), changing conditions and treating the low molecular weight starch molecules and other substances in the liquefied fluid with the enzymes, amyloglucosidase, pectinase, cellulase, macerase, etc., filtering the resultant fluid to remove the solids, and, if necessary, evaporating the sugar solution to a suitable concentration. Use of elevated pH in each of the enzymatic conversion steps was found to greatly increase the glucose yield.

Abstract: Method of preparing an flavoring base, in which a mixture is prepared combining at least water and a starchy starting material, the mixture is liquefied with at least one carbohydrase and it is treated enzymatically with a lipase or a lipoxygenase, and use of the the dried or liquid flavoring base for the manufacture of a food product.

Abstract: The invention comprises a culture medium and method for distinguishing bacteria of Salmonella species from other gram-negative bacteria, especially those belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is based on the ability of salmonellae to utilize melibiose, mannitol, and sorbitol and convert them into acids, together with a chromogenic substrate used for identifying .beta.-galactosidase. Other bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, most of which are .beta.-galactosidase-positive, appear as brown, blue, or green colonies, depending on the chromogenic substrate used. Apart from Salmonella species, other .beta.-galactosidase-negative bacteria, such as Proteus species, appear as colorless colonies. Salmonellae can be identified directly on the culture medium after incubation, by their characteristic bright red color.

Abstract: Compositions containing cocoa, sweetener, a combination of food-grade enzymes, and optionally chocolate liquor are described. The compositions provide a cocoa/chocolate liquor flavored syrup having a high concentration of the flavoring, in part due to the substantially higher usage of cocoa and liquor than previous syrups. Additionally, the compositions have excellent flow properties for use in beverages and confections, while further having a low water activity which leads to a longer and more commercially useful shelf life. Some compositions will also contain an acidulant, a mold inhibitor, and vanilla flavor.

Abstract: Microorganisms which are able to produce maltose/trehalose conversion enzyme, a novel enzyme, are cultivated in nutrient culture media with malose. During the cultivation, the microorganisms readily convert maltose into trehalose to accumulate trehalose in the cultures which yield saccharide mixtures with high trehalose contents when separated from insoluble substances. Removal of contaminant saccharides and subsequent crystallization readily yield trehalose in crystalline trehalose hydrate or anhydrous crystalline form. The trehalose and saccharide mixture containing the same commonly bear desirable properties including mild sweetness and superior stability which render them very useful in a variety of compositions indlucing food products, cosmetics and medicines.

Abstract: The use of amylopectin-type starch obtained from potato that has been modified by genetic engineering to suppress the formation of amylose-type starch as a filling agent in the preservation of food-stuff, is described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel non-reducing oligosaccharide with neotrehalose structure represented by the general formula as shown by: ##STR1## The oligosaccharide is obtainable by exposing an aqueous solution containing neotrehalose to a saccharide-transferring enzyme, and has a superior stability, reduced sweetness, appropriate viscosity, no susceptibility to crystallization and less fermentability. These features make it very useful in various compositions including foods, beverages, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: A method for adhering seasoning to a food product comprising the steps of:a) coating the food product with a solution containing an effective amount of an amylase treated starch;b) adhering thereon at least one seasoning, flavorant, or colorant; andc) drying the resultant food product;the amylase treated starch having been prepared by steam cooking starch, and enzymatically hydrolyzing said cooked starch with amylase in an amount and for a sufficient time to achieve a funnel viscosity (measured at 19% solids using a standard funnel) of 7 to 80 seconds, and a dextrose equivalent (DE) of 2 to 40.

Abstract: A process for purifying glucose polymers which consists in treating a low-calorie soluble glucose polymer: polyglucose, polydextrose or pyrodextrin, with a glucose oxidase and an anion exchanger in hydroxyl form. It enables largely colourless products having little or no bitterness, high viscosities and little hygroscopicity to be obtained. The products obtained may be used as sugar substitutes or fat substitutes.

Abstract: A degradation product of a polysaccharide derivative comprising a mixture of oligomers of the polysaccharide derivative, the majority of said oligomers having a molecular weight such that the oligomer conforms to a rod-like configuration.

Abstract: The immobilized enzyme for removal of residual cyclodextrins is either a combination of an alpha-amylase and a CGTase which has been immobilized or a fungal alpha-amylase which has been immobilized. In addition to either the fungal alpha-amylase or the CGTase and alpha-amylase, a debranching enzyme can also be employed. When using a debranched enzyme, the debranched enzyme is also immobilized. By using the immobilized enzyme, the step of inactivating the enzyme is eliminated and the contamination due to the inactivated enzyme is also eliminated.

Abstract: A formulated starch-containing food product characterized by improved mouth-feel and texture is prepared from a mixture of non-starch ingredients together with a beta-amylase or glucoamylase treated waxy starch which has been prepared by a process which comprises steam cooking a starch slurry at a temperature of 120.degree. to 170.degree. C. to completely gelatinize the waxy starch; enzymatically hydrolyzing the gelatinized starch with beta-amylase or glucoamylase until up to about 60% by weight of the starch has been degraded to maltose or glucose; terminating the enzyme degradation by deactivating the enzyme and recovering the starch by spray drying.

Abstract: An insoluble polymeric capsule comprising at least two polymeric components, wherein one of said components is a hydrophilic colloid, and another of said components comprises a degradation product of a cellulose derivative, the degradation product comprising a mixture of oligomers, a majority of said oligomers having a degree of polymerization such that the oligomers conform to a rod-like configuration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel non-reducing oligosaccharide with neotrehalose structure represented by the general formula as shown by: ##STR1## The oligosaccharide is obtainable by exposing an aqueous solution containing neotrehalose to a saccharide-transferring enzyme, and has a superior stability, reduced sweetness, appropriate viscosity, no susceptibility to crystallization and less fermentability. These features make it very useful in various compositions including foods, beverages, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: A powder-form composition of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline incorporated with a support of maltodextrin and/or cyclodextrin. The composition is prepared by hydrolyzing a 2-(1-alkoxyethenyl)-1-pyrroline with an acid to obtain a reaction medium, adding an equimolar amount of a base to the reaction medium to obtain a neutralized reaction medium containing 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, combining maltodextrin and/or cyclodextrin with the neutralized reaction medium to obtain a support solution and freeze-drying the support solution to obtain the composition.

Abstract: A cellulase hydrolysate of tamarind polysaccharide is utilized as a substitute for a portion of metabolizable carbohydrates in processed foods to prepare reduced-calorie versions of said process foods having excellent organoleptic quality. The tamarind hydrolysate comprises DP 7 oligosaccharides, more typically, DP 7 and DP 9 oligosaccharides. The tamarind hydrolysate can be further processed utilizing yeast digestion and/or membrane filtration to remove monosaccharides and low DP (DP.ltoreq.6) oligosaccharides from the hydrolysate composition.

Abstract: A degradation product of a polysaccharide derivative comprising a mixture of oligomers of the polysaccharide derivative, the majority of said oligomers having a molecular weight such that the oligomer conforms to a rod-like configuration.

Abstract: An indigestible dextrin characterized in that the dextrin contains:(A) up to 50% of 1.fwdarw.4 glycosidic linkages, and(B) at least 60% of an indigestible component,(C) the content of indigestible component as actually determined varying within the range of .+-.5% from a value Y calculated from at least one of equations, i.e., Equations 1 to 62, given in the specification,(D) the indigestible dextrin being prepared by adding hydrochloric acid to corn starch and heating the corn starch at 120.degree. to 200.degree. C. using an extruder,the value Y being a calculated content (%) of the indigestible component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for improving the flavor of starch by incubating the starch with an enzymatically active peptidase containing cell preparation under such conditions that enzymatic peptidolysis of a substantial amount of oligopeptides in the starch is the result, which incubation is, optionally, preceded or followed by a non-enzymatic purification step such as steam stripping or solvent extraction. The starch is suited for incorporation into food products, such as spreads.

Abstract: A set of holes are drilled into a potato in preparation for cooking to provide a multi-holed potato and potato twirls. Apparatus for forming the multi-holed potato has a gang of parallel drills mounted for rotary and reciprocal movement through holes in a pair of plates spaced apart a distance to support the potato therebetween.

Abstract: Dietary fibers having average molecular weight of 2,000-15,000, which are prepared by partially hydrolyzing polysaccharides of Konnyaku powder with a cellulase derived from microorganisms belonging to the genus Aspergillus, which are readily soluble in water, which do not prevent adsorption of useful minerals such as calcium in the digestive tract, and which do not give rise to diarrhea when an excessive amount thereof is ingested.

Abstract: A novel dextran having a slushy, applesauce-like appearance with a particulate gel-like structure in crude form is described. The dextran is particularly produced by Leuconostoc dextranicum NRRL-B-18242. The dextran in particulate or dried form is used in foods and other applications where texture is important.

Abstract: Maltotetraose or maltose is specifically produced in a high yield from starch by causing an amylase produced by a microorganism of genus Bacillus circulans G-4 to act on the starch.

Abstract: The method of the invention comprises selection of whole grain rice, either white or brown rice, which is liquefied, preferably with alpha-amylase enzymes, and then treated with relatively high levels of a glucosidase enzyme and/or a beta-amylase enzyme in a saccharifying step. The total enzymatic reaction time in both the liquefaction and saccharification steps is limited to prevent development of undesirable off-flavors to yield a non-allergenic rice milk produce having surprising milk-like texture and functionality, the rice milk product being characterized by the absence of a rice-like flavor and having a preferred composition defined as follows:______________________________________ Soluble Complex Carbohydrates 10 to 70% of solids; Maltose 0 to 70% of solids; Glucose 5 to 70% of solids; Ash or Minerals 0.1 to 0.6% of solids; Protein and Fat 1 to 3.5% of solids; Fiber 0.05 to 0.4% of solids. ______________________________________The rice milk product can also be converted to a dried product.

Abstract: A process for the liquifaction of beets or chicory roots which includes washing and grinding the beets or chicory roots to provide a ground product; mixing the ground product with a mixture of enzymes that include SPS-ase, cellulase and cellobiase, as well as an acid so as to provide a pH of about 3 to 5.5; leaving the mixture for about 1 to 6 hours to accomplish a prehydrolysis of the ground product; grinding the prehydrolyzed ground product; allowing the prehydrolyzed ground product to hydrolyze for about 20 to 120 hours; and recovering the liquid hydrolyzed product.

Abstract: Novel dried compositions containing polysaccharides (dextrans and levans) derived using a Leuconostoc to ferment sucrose to produce the polysaccharides are described. In particular, dried compositions incorporating milk solids or other drying aids to facilitate drying and rehydration of the polysaccharides are described. The compositions are useful as quality (e.g. texture, stability or thickness) improvers for foods.

Abstract: Branched dextrin and linear oligosaccharides are produced by degrading starch with alpha-amylase followed by fractionating with a gel-type filtering agent. The branched dextrin is useful in the food fabrication.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1-O-.alpha.-glucopyranoside-D-fructose by enzymatically converting sucrose is described, wherein a sucrose solution is brought into contact with free or immobilized, living or dead whole cells or with microorganisms forming the free or immobilized enzyme extract of isomaltulose from saccharose, the solution so treated being next subjected to chromatographic separation at ion exchangers or other suitable separation materials to obtain the 1-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosido-D-fructose as an aqueous solution which is then converted by methods known per se into the dry form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to anhydrous crystals of maltitol and the whole crystalline hydrogenated starch hydrolysate mixture solid containing the crystals, and processes for the production and use thereof.

Abstract: A method for preparing fish-egg-like edible products like salmon roe consisting of capsules of thin gel membranes filled with an oil material and a viscous fluid separately contained therein comprising surrounding a viscous emulsion consisting of the viscous fluid and the oil material with calcium alginate membranes and separating the viscous emulsion into the viscous fluid and the oil material and the fish-egg-like edible product.

Abstract: Aqueous guar gum compositions having a very low content of insolubles, the compositions being formed by impregnating free-flowing solid, particulate guar gum with one or more hydrolytic enzymes and thereafter dissolving the particles of guar gum in water.

Abstract: Beet pectin is crosslinked with an oxidizing system containing an oxidizing agent and an enzyme such as peroxidase that uses the oxidizing agent as a substrate. The crosslinked beet pectin is useful as a thickener or gelling agent in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: A method of preparing a yeast bread flavor composition and concentrate which comprises mixing breadmaking yeast with a dilute aqueous sugar solution of not more than about 0.5% sugar and allowing the yeast and sugar to react at 35.degree.-40.degree. C. to form a solution of yeast enzymes. The yeast cells are then removed from the solution and the enzyme solution is mixed with bread making flour and permitted to react at about 35.degree.-40.degree. C. so as to create a bread flavored solution portion and a spent flour portion, both of which are adapted to be freeze-dried and stored. The spent flour and flavor concentrate may also be mixed with each other to provide another flavoring material.

Abstract: The sugar content of citrus press liquor is enhanced by separating citrus solids, extracting fructose, glucose, and sucrose from the solids, and recombining the aqueous extract to increase the sugar content thereof. By inversion of the sucrose present in the sugar-enhanced press liquor, a high fructose syrup can be readily obtained which is indistinguishable from high fructose corn syrup. When separation is effected by centrifugation, a biocidally active colloidal phase is formed from which citrus terpenes and limonene can be extracted, resulting in a press liquor suitable for fermentation. The solid residue remaining after extraction can also be recycled with the remaining press cake.

Abstract: A process for producing carbohydrates from vegetal juice comprises extracting a vegetal juice from raw vegetal material, filtering the vegetal juice to remove material suspended therein, subjecting the resultant vegetal juice to an enzymatic reaction which consists of four stages in the following sequence. The vegetal juice in a first stage is admixed with a mixture of 3.2.1.4-.beta.-1,4-glucan glucanhydrolase and 3.2.1.15-poly-.alpha.-1,4-galacturonic glucanhydrolase, then the vegetal juice is admixed with 3.2.1.20-.alpha.-D-glucoside glucohydrolase. In the second stage the vegetal juice is admixed with 3.2.1.20-.alpha.-D-glucoside glucohydrolase; in the third state the vegetal juice is contacted with 3.2.1.21-.beta.-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, 5.3.1.4-L-arabinose-ketol-isomerase and 5.3.1.5-D-xylose-ketol-isomerase; and in the fourth stage the vegetal juice is admixed with 3.2.1.1-.alpha.-1,4-glucan-4-glucanhydrolase.

Abstract: A combination heat exchanger and oxygenator device is provided. The device includes a generally cylindrical housing having first and second compartments with hollow heat exchange tubes and hollow gas exchange tubes disposed therein, a blood inlet, a blood outlet, a heat exchanges medium inlet, a heat exchange medium outlet, an oxygenating fluid inlet and an oxygenating fluid outlet. The housing has a central axis with the second compartment being concentric thereto. The blood flow passage is defined by blood entering the device generally axially through a path extending along the central axis of the housing and flows generally radially through the second, oxygenating compartment.