Abstract: Flavor modifying compositions which alter or enhance naturally occurring substances are prepared by reacting a sulfur-containing compound with an alpha-hydroxy- or an alpha,beta-epoxy-substituted carbonyl compound.

Abstract: A solid product for use in the flavoring of food or beverages which comprises a water-insoluble calcium, magnesium, nickel, manganese or zinc isohumolone complex and an alkali metal compound selected from sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate or a mixture of the disodium or dipotassium salt of ethylenediamine tetracetic acid with the tetrasodium or tetrapotassium salt of ethylenediaminetetracetic acid, the molar ratio of the alkali metal compound to the isohumulone present in the water-insoluble isohumulone complex being at least 0.8 to 1. The product can be immediately dissolved in water or an aqueous medium to produce a solution containing no significant amount of insoluble residues. The solution can be used, for example, as a bittering additive for beer.

Abstract: A process for preparing substantially salt-free, sugar-based flavor enhancers comprises hydrolyzing protein in hydrochloric acid; liquefying starch, preferably with alpha-amylase; and admixing the hydrolyzed protein, the liquefied starch and an enzyme selected from amyloglucosidase and .beta.-D glucoside glucohydrolyase at a pH in the range 3.5 to 5, preferably 3.5 to 4.0, and a temperature in the range 40.degree. to 75.degree.C, preferably 60.degree.C, whereby the enzyme and the liquefied starch react in situ to produce reducing sugars which in turn react with the hydrolyzed protein to form the substantially salt-free, sugar-based protein hydrolyzates.