Abstract: In vivo and in vitro cellulose fermentation by cellulose-digesting microorganisms is increased by conducting the fermentation in the presence of a minor amount of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R' is haloalkyl and R is H or alkyl.

Abstract: Modification of corn gluten by proteolytic hydrolysis, preferably by a microbial proteinase, of an aqueous corn gluten suspension substrate concentration above about 6% w/w based on protein dry matter with an enzyme concentration of 0.05 - 0.5 Anson units/liter. The hydrolysis being conducted until viscosity of the suspension exceeds about 50 cp., whereafter the enzyme is deactivated.Preferred proteinases are those derived from B. subtilis and B. licheniformis.The modified corn gluten is novel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new and useful antibiotic substance which is of the formula ##STR1## and to processes for its production and recovery. The antibiotic which exhibits ionophoric properties, is classified as a polyether group antibiotic. The antibiotic of formula I is effective in inhibiting the growth of gram positive bacteria and exhibits utility as an antihypertensive agent and as a compound to improve ruminant feed utilization. The antibiotic of Formula I is prepared by cultivating a strain of Streptomyces sp. X-14547 in an aqueous carbohydrate solution containing nitrogenous nutrients and mineral salts and thereafter isolating the antibiotic from the fermentation broth.

Abstract: The organic portion of solid municipal waste is converted into a liquid fuel suitable for use in internal- and external-combustion engines, a residue suitable for plant or animal nutrients and purified water by the process which comprises separation of the waste into a hydrolyzable fraction, hydrolysis of said fraction, saccharification, fermentation, distillation, and concentration.

Abstract: The organic portion of the impurities in municipal waste are converted into a liquid fuel suitable for use in internal- and external-combustion engines, a residue suitable for animal feed supplement and purified water by the process which comprises the steps of: partial concentration, saccharification, fermentation and distillation.

Abstract: The invention relates to the treatment of cakes and seeds of vegetable origin for obtaining proteins useful in animal or human feeding.It consists in subjecting a cake or seeds, under maceration conditions, to the action of at least one microorganism in separating the insoluble products from the reaction medium, in solubilizing the proteins contained in said insoluble products by means of an alkali and in precipitating and biologically coagulating the said proteins at their isoelectric pH.Protein isolates obtained according to the process of the invention are suitable to human and animal feeding.

Abstract: A method for purifying waste water high in carbohydrate while obtaining therefrom a high-protein feed product. The waste water is inoculated with yeast of the type that converts starch and sugars into more yeast. The pH is adjusted to desired levels, and then the inoculated waste is circulated and recirculated in conjunction with air in amounts that enhance the growth rate of the yeast. The purified liquid waste is then separated from moist solids, and a large proportion of the moist solids is harvested as feed material, while a smaller proportion is taken for use in recycle. The proportion to be recycled is sent to a treatment zone where the pH is lowered to approximately 3.5 and where antibiotics are added, the lowering of the pH and the antibiotics both serving to suppress a substantial portion of bacterial growth while enabling the yeast to grow. After a suitable dwell time, the treated material is used in the inoculating step as the inoculant.

Abstract: Dextrose and dextrins are obtained from protein-containing starch products by subjecting the starch product to an incomplete or complete acid or enzymatic hydrolysis or a combination of both types of hydrolysis and then circulating the hydrolysate containing a low viscosity sugar solution and water-soluble high molecular proteins through an ultrafilter to separate the proteins from the sugar solution whereupon the dextrose or, in case of incomplete hydrolysis, the dextrins are recovered from the filtrate obtained in the ultrafilter.

Abstract: An improved process to hydrate and enrich dry whole grains for enhanced nutritional value for livestock by placing the dry grains in an enclosed storage facility and continuously recirculating water to hydrate the dry grains to the desired amount. The recirculating water may contain feedstuff additives such as vitamins, nutrients and minerals and the recirculating water may further be passed through a pasteurizing unit in order to inhibit the growth of undesirable microorganisms. The recirculating water is fed through a nozzle at the top of a storage facility and allowed to flow rapidly to the bottom of the storage facility and into a sump storage tank. In addition, the process provides for fermenting the nutrient solution prior to or during the time of its recirculation through the column of grain.

Abstract: An acid stable protease whose pH range of 50% of maximum activity is between pH 2.5 and 6.5, produced by culturing a fungus strain of the species Rhizopus rhizopodiformis CBS 227.75 under aerobic conditions in a nutrient medium containing assimilable carbon and nitrogen sources, at a pH between 3 and 7 and at a temperature between 25.degree. C and 50.degree. C, and separating the enzyme produced; as well as the method of production, its use as a foodstuff additive and foodstuffs containing the same.

Abstract: A method of producing an animal food supplement by growing a yeast that utilizes lactose on a mixture of wheat bran or husks from different grains which are mixed with dried whey, moistened with water, cooled and inoculated with yeast, a dairy culture used in making buttermilk, and Lactobacillus acidophilus, placed on perforated trays, then incubated for 12 to 24 hours at 27.degree. to 34.degree. C. and dried at 43.degree. C. and lower.

Abstract: A process of treating cellulosic plant matter to increase the digestability thereof by animals, in which finely divided plant matter, such as sawdust, rice hulls, bagasse, wheat straw, or the like, is mixed with water and nitric acid or a combination of water, nitric acid and a nonoxidizing acid, such as sulfuric, phosphoric, hydrochloric or acetic, to produce a mixture of about 20% water, 1/4 to 1% oxygen based on the oven dried weight of organic material, the oxygen being released from the nitric acid, and a pH of 0.5 to 3.5, and cooking the mixture in a pressurized vessel at about 125 psig for 30 to 60 minutes. The cooked product may then be neutralized to raise the pH to a desired level for animal feed.

Abstract: A five-step manufacturing method using broad spectrum hydrolytic enzymes to decompose the volatile fraction of organic waste materials into lower molecular weight, intermediate substrate nutrients to be consumed in turn by selected microorganisms to produce a cellular biomass of microbial cells subsequently harvested for use as a bio-protein feed supplement for farm and domestic animals. A wide range of agricultural, industrial and organic waste materials may be used as the input raw material resource for biochemical processing to bio-protein feed. Applied to the use of cattle manure slurry as raw materials, the biolytic decomposition step employs hydrolyzing enzymes to dismutate volatile organic insoluble high molecular weight proteins, starches, fats, and partially hydrolyzed cellulose compounds into soluble, low molecular weight nutrient intermediates in solution, from which the relatively stable cellulose-lignin solid by-product fraction is separated and dewatered.

Abstract: Yeast-containing sludge is separated from residue produced by the distillation of white wine and the remaining residue is innoculated with fungus culture, e.g. a penicillium, the resulting biomass removed, and the remaining residue purified and used in animal feed.

Abstract: A method of production and recovery of protein from food wastes according to which a medium composed of various combined food wastes and containing both a protein source (such as collagen) and a carbohydrate source (such as starch) is modified by the action of selected microbial species (such as Bacillus subtilis). The resulting Bacillus-modified enriched liquid medium permits the growth of more fastidious organisms (such as Lactobacillus acidophilus) that are acceptable as a single cell protein source. As an alternative and prior to the introduction of the Lactobacillus, the modified medium may be fortified by the addition of other food wastes, (such as cheese whey or spent brewer's yeast cells). The final recovery of protein from the fastidious organisms may be accomplished by any one of the established methods of protein or food recovery and/or isolation.

Abstract: Disclosed is apparatus for making a feed stuff for cattles, pigs, or poultry by subjecting a mixture of bagasse, Candida utilis or a variety of yeast fungus, var major, and Tichoderma viride to a fermentation treatment, mixing a fermentation product with the crushed and dried top portion of sugar canes, having added thereto cereals, and rolling and drying a resultant mixture into a desired shape.

Abstract: A low-cost, highly nutritious starch-NPN liquid feed supplement and method of producing same is provided wherein the supplement exhibits markedly superior protein synthesis and growth-inducing properties as compared with conventional, unprocessed NPN-fortified supplements notwithstanding the fact that the supplements hereof generally have lower theoretical nutritive values than such prior feeds. The preparative method preferably includes the steps of passing an aqueous slurry of a starch-bearing food source and an NPN substance such as urea through a hydrothermal-type cooker along with direct steam for turbulently heating, disrupting and gelatinizing the starch source in the presence of the NPN substance to thereby yield a reacted product which can be fed to ruminants as a low-cost, high-protein food source.

Abstract: Propylene glycol esters of propionic acid are added to silage to improve the quality thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method to precipitate and preserve protein from the juice expressed from green leafy plants by coagulating the protein in the juice through an anaerobic fermentation process utilizing the microorganisms naturally resident on the leaves of the green plants. In addition part of the carbohydrates and non-protein nitrogen in the juice is converted into bacterial protein which increases the amount of protein obtained from the juice and particularly prevents oxidative destruction of cystine and methionine and thereby increases these limiting amino acids in the obtained protein.

Abstract: A process for improving the value of cakes of vegetable origin is described. The crude cakes are macerated in an aqueous medium with strains of microorganisms, notably the yeast Geotrichum candidum. The cakes are thus freed from the sulphur-containing impurities and aflatoxins which contaminate them and limit their use at present. The cakes obtained have an improved nutritive value. New, pure proteins can be isolated from the maceration liquids by precipitation to the isoelectric pH or in the presence of saline solutions.

Abstract: A process for treating soluble biodegradable organic waste material which comprises:A. preparing a reaction mixture of soluble biodegradable organic waste material and a thermophilic aerobic microorganism culture capable of digesting such soluble material and containing soluble sources of manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and nitrogen in a liquid medium and at a pH ranging from about 5.5 to 9, the soluble organic material content being in excess of 1 gram per liter,B. introducing oxygen into the mixture so as to maintain the dissolved oxygen content at least 0.01 mg per liter of said mixture whileC. maintaining said mixture at a temperature of from 45.degree. to 70.degree.C for a time sufficient to convert the organic waste material into cellular proteinaceous material, andD. separating the cellular proteinaceous material produced.

Abstract: A process for treating plant materials to obtain a augmented high protein and low carbohydrate product wherein plant materials of high starch content are treated with enzymes which modify the carbohydrates contained therein, to a form assimilable by yeasts and the assimilable carbohydrates are then metabolized by alimentary yeasts to enrich the protein content over that of the starting material.

Abstract: A process for making foods and animal feeds from starchy raw materials, such as flour, meal and grits of cereals, pulses, starch roots, tubers, oil seeds, cakes of oil seeds, milk products, or mixtures of these materials, which includes the steps of: mixing water and at least one high-temperature resistant enzyme with the raw materials to form an extrudable paste; effecting partial gelatinization and initiating fermentation by extruding the paste while heating the paste to a temperature of from 65.degree.C (149.degree.F) to 115.degree.C (239.degree.F); converting the starch into dextrins and sugars by treating the extruded product in a fermentation apparatus for 40 to 90 minutes at a temperature of 55.degree.C (131.degree.F) to 90.degree.C (194.degree.F) in a high humidity atmosphere, as near as possible to saturation; and drying the product after fermentation.

Abstract: The digestibility and protein content of straw is enhanced by treating it with dilute acid, ammoniating the acid-treated straw, and fermenting it with a yeast such as Candida utilis. The so-treated straw is useful as a feed for ruminants and other animals.