Abstract: A food product which is formed from a breast cut of poultry or other animal muscle material having a core area and a plurality of strips of breast formed integrally with the core area and extending outwardly therefrom in a random manner. The food product is formed by cutting the first and second end surfaces along first and second cut lines, respectively, extending between the upper and lower surfaces of the food product, a distance which establishes an uncut core area between the first and second end surfaces. The food product is then cut from the upper surface to the lower surface along a plurality of spaced generally parallel third and fourth cut lines extending between the first end surface and the core area and the second end surface of the core area, respectively, such that a plurality of strips of material extend outwardly from the core area in a random manner toward the first and second end surfaces.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for handling and preparing whole chickens for consumption involves severing a chicken carcass along the breast bone and opening it into a generally flat condition and suspending the chicken carcass by its legs with the legs sufficiently spread from each other to maintain the chicken in the opened generally flat condition. Embodiments of the invention in a conveyorized cooking apparatus and in a kiosk-style warming apparatus are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting bacterial growth in meat wherein a citrate salt, preferably sodium citrate, is introduced into the meat to a sodium citrate content of 1 to 7% and preferably about 1 to 1.3%.

Abstract: A novel system of barbecue cooking, processing, packaging, and storage of meats such as ribs, chicken etc is described. A byproduct of the cooking and blending is pasteurization in one and the same process. The consumer merely microwaves or boils the finished product intact with its OEM packaging and enjoys the taste as if the meat has just been prepared on a barbecue pit. A special barbecue sauce is marinated into the meat to create a realistic barbecue flavor. The process also increases the shelf life of the product as prepared by this process. A pH factor of 3.5 is maintained which not only kills the bacteria and germs but it also helps tenderize the meat and prevents from growing spores.

Abstract: A thermo-irreversible gel composition prepared from a soluble dietary fiber which is derived from the amylase hydrolysis of cereal and a hydrocolloid, preferably carrageenan or a blend of xanthan gum and locust bean gum can be effectively used as a fat mimic in preparing low fat comminuted meat products

Abstract: Proteinaceous products such as hamburgers or soy-based materials are formed containing an oleaginous matrix which is formed by melt-spinning an oleaginous substance with a carrier material, such as sucrose or water-soluble cellulosic materials. Methods of preparing such products are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of dressing a thigh cut of poultry having an upper surface, a lower surface and an elongated thigh bone having an axis. The thigh bone is positioned between the upper and lower surfaces. A first cut is made generally perpendicular to the upper surface along a first cut line extending generally parallel to the axis of the bone to remove a first side portion of the thigh cut. The first cut line is spaced from a first side of a bone by a first predetermined distance. A second cut is made generally perpendicular to the upper surface along a second cut line extending generally parallel to the axis of the bone to remove a second side portion of the thigh cut. The second cut line is spaced from a second side of the bone by a second predetermined distance such that the remaining portion of the thigh cut is generally in the form of a parallelogram in cross section.

Abstract: Salmonella, campylobacter and other bacteria can be removed, reduced or retarded on poultry carcasses by treating poultry with a treatment solution having an alkaline pH and containing an alkali metal orthophosphate, e.g., trisodium orthophosphate.

Abstract: A method of dressing a thigh cut of poultry having an upper surface, a lower surface and an elongated thigh bone having an axis. The thigh bone is positioned between the upper and lower surfaces. A first cut is made generally perpendicular to the upper surface along a first cut line extending generally parallel to the axis of the bone to remove a first side portion of the thigh cut. The first cut line is spaced from a first side of a bone by a first predetermined distance. A second cut is made generally perpendicular to the upper surface along a second cut line extending generally parallel to the axis of the bone to remove a second side portion of the thigh cut. The second cut line is spaced from a second side of the bone by a second predetermined distance such that the remaining portion of the thigh cut is generally in the form of a parallelogram in cross-section.

Abstract: Shelf life of commercially processed poultry and seafood can be extended by introducing food grade H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and food grade surface active agents into the chiller water to wash off bacteria on the surface of the food product. The agents are alkylaryl sulfonates, sulfates, sulfonates of oils and fatty acid, sulfate of alcohols and sulfosuccinates.

Abstract: Fried chicken is prepared by marinating uncooked chicken parts and then searing in water to release fat from the chicken parts and to make the chicken parts tacky. Predust, batter and breading are then applied to the seared chicken parts and the coated chicken parts are fried in oil to set the coating with minimal oil absorption. Then the seared, coated and fried chicken parts are oven cooked until fully cooked and fat is removed from the chicken parts during the oven cooking step. The resulting product has been found to have no more than about 230 calories, 80 milligrams of cholesterol, and 10 grams of fat per 3.5 ounce portion.

Abstract: A high protein, shelf-stable, meat-containing snack product is provided which is in the form of a cellular, expanded extrudate which can be dried and flavored to yield nutritional snacks having excellent organoleptic properties. The final snack contains at least about 5% by weight meat (most preferably mechanically deboned poultry meat), and at least about 50% by weight wheat. The invention also comprehends a fabrication method wherein an initial mixture containing at least about 15% by weight meat and at least about 50% by weight wheat flour are mixed and passed through an extruder under time and temperature conditions to yield an expanded, cellular extrudate having the general appearance of a bread stick.

Abstract: A thigh cut of poultry prepared by a method of dressing a thigh cut of poultry having an upper surface, a lower surface and an elongated thigh bone having an axis. The thigh bone is positioned between the upper and lower surfaces. A first cut is made generally perpendicular to the upper surface along a first cut line extending generally parallel to the axis of the bone to remove a first side portion of the thigh cut. The first cut line is spaced from a first side of a bone by a first predetermined distance. A second cut is made generally perpendicular to the upper surface along a second cut line extending generally parallel to the axis of the bone to remove a second side portion of the thigh cut. The second cut line is spaced from a second side of the bone by a second predetermined distance such that the remaining portion of the thigh cut is generally in the form of a parallelogram in cross section.

Abstract: Poultry pieces, preferably chicken, are breaded without forming a batter, by adhering high gluten flour dust to the pieces, hydrating the dust sufficiently to render the dust tacky, and then adhering breading to the hydrated dust. The product exhibits the favorable properties of breaded poultry while avoiding the unfavorable tendency of batters to separate from the underlying piece.

Abstract: A continuous process for the non-destructive recovery of natural nitrogenous materials as highly available particulate agricultural nutrients, employing natural materials such as poultry waste, waste water treatment sludge, alfalfa meal, hatchery waste, feathermeal, corn gluten meal and bloodmeal in a fluid bed reactor-granulator where basic natural materials are acidified to pHs of 3.0 to 6.5 and formed into hardened particulates during a retention time between 4 and 20 minutes at a temperature between 70.degree. and 120.degree. C. and discharged free of caramelization before nitrogen losses from decomposition amounts to 0.5 percent of the natural nitrogenous materials. The continuous process provides a new natural nitrogenous particulate agricultural nutrient composition free of caramelization.

Abstract: A completely digestible highly nutritious dog chew, the texture or hardness of which is easily modified to suit a particular dog by the dog owner. By irradiating the chew in a microwave oven, the chew is caused to expand and is thereby rendered more easily chewable.

Abstract: Proteinaceous products, such as hamburgers or soy-based materials, are formed containing an oleaginous matrix, which is formed by melt-spinning an oleaginous substance with a carrier material, such as sucrose or water-soluble cellulosic materials.

Abstract: A method of making a food product from a wing of a bird is disclosed. The wing includes a middle section, a tip section connected to one end of the middle section, and an end section attached to the other end of the middle section. The food product is produced by cutting the bird wing in order to separate the middle section from the tip and end sections. The separated middle section is cut along a first cut line to remove the first knuckle from the separated middle section. The separated middle section is also cut along a second cut line to remove the second knuckle from the separated middle section. When the food product is cooked, the meat shrinks inwardly to expose end portions of bones within the middle section. The present invention also encompasses the food product which results from the process of the present invention.

Abstract: A method for sanitizing food products that utilizes ozone containing bubbles. The food product is immersed in a liquid bath that has a plurality of ozone containing bubbles streaming therethrough. Enough ozone containing bubbles are provided such that a continuous stream of bubbles are always present within the liquid bath. The ozone containing bubbles are typically an ozone air mixture and can be introduced into the liquid bath directly as a bubble gas stream or can be mixed with the liquid of the liquid bath prior to their introduction into the bath itself. When the food product is immersed in the bath containing the ozone containing bubbles, the ozone in the bubbles contacts the surfaces of the food product and has a sanitizing effect thereon.

Abstract: The process for producing a flake style food of the present invention comprises adding a dehydrated vegetable to a seasoning solution, emulsifying the obtained mixture by stirring at a high speed of from 1,000 to 10,000 rpm within a temperature zone of from 10.degree. to 80.degree. C. for 1 to 10 minutes and mixing the emulsified product thus obtained with fish meat, poultry meat, cattle meat or artificial meat.

Abstract: A process for butchering fowl which comprises a step wherein said fowl is treated with water comprising introducing an effective amount of a bromide (for example, KBr, NH.sub.4 Br, or NaBr) and an oxidant into said water to control microorganisms. The process is especially suitable for poultry such as chicken and turkey.

Abstract: A poultry-derived proteinaceous material suitable as a substitute for ground meat prepared by extracting salt-soluble proteinaceous material from poultry muscle, gelling and then grinding the extract.

Abstract: A glossy coating for fried and baked foods comprising gum arabic, tapioca dextrin and xanthan gum, in a dry blend, which is applied to a heated food substrate, preferably immediately after frying or baking.

Abstract: A method for removing, killing or bringing into a passive condition of bacteria on and in the skin of slaughtered, plucked poultry by a chemical, mechanical and/or temperature treatment is disclosed, wherein the treatment(s) are effected after plucking of the poultry and prior to the opening of the carcass thereof. The skin of the poultry is preferably subjected to an acid treatment with an acid solution and a heat treatment at a temperature of about 50.degree. C. for two to three minutes. The poultry can be immersed in or sprayed with water at the desired temperature, the water being mixed with an acid. Advantageously, the skin of the poultry is brushed with rotating brushing elements, at the same time spraying a spraying liquid on the poultry from above and from the sides.

Abstract: An edible salt enhancing composition is provided which is a combination of L-aspartic acid and L-arginine and sodium chloride.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for broiling whole chickens which have been severed along the breast bone for opening into a generally flat condition includes a housing having opposing laterally spaced sets of upright gas-fueled infrared heaters defining therebetween a cooking chamber and an endless chain conveyor for transporting chickens suspended by their legs through the chamber. Plural pairs of support forks are spaced along the conveyor for suspending one chicken carcass by its legs from each fork pair with the legs sufficiently spread from each other to maintain the chicken in the opened generally flat condition. A spaced pair of deflector plates are provided along the conveyor following the cooking chamber for discharging both legs of each chicken simultaneously from the pair of support forks suspending the chicken.

Abstract: A process for the removal of sterols and/or lipid components (e.g., cholesterol and fats) from lipid containing food (e.g., meat) using sub or supercritical fluids (e.g., CO.sub.2) involves initial processing of the food to produce an intermediate moisture product in which substantially all of the "free water" but not all of the "bound water" is removed. Different moisture removal techniques may be used. Where freeze drying of food flakes is adopted the moisture level is preferable reduced to 30-55% w/w. The intermediate moisture product is treated with supercritical CO.sub.2 to remove the lipids therefrom. Optionally the cholesterol can be separated from the fat component by use of an adsorbent to selectively remove the cholesterol from the supercritical CO.sub.2. The product can be reconstituted with water and fat to provide a reconstituted meat product suitable for hamburgers.

Abstract: Salmonella and other bacteria can be removed, reduced or retarded on poultry carcasses by treating poultry with a treatment solution containing an alkali metal orthophosphate, e.g., trisodium orthophosphate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of increasing the ratio of body protein to fat in a animal by maintaining the animal in a hyperimmune state. The invention also provides a method of increasing carcass protein levels in animals. The invention further provides a method for producing lean, low-fat meat for human or animal consumption.

Abstract: A method for butchering a poultry carcass to provide a wishbone cut comprising locating the breastbone on the outer surface of the poultry carcass and making a first cut into the poultry carcass along a line generally perpendicular to the breastbone and between the breastbone and the wishbone to a depth sufficient to provide a desired thickness of the wishbone cut. A second cut is then made along a line extending from the first cut generally parallel to the wishbone toward a point at which the wings join the wishbone, while pulling the cut portion of the carcass in a direction away from the breastbone. A third cut is then made through said wing/wishbone joints and the severed portion is removed.

Abstract: Salmonellae and other bacteria can be removed, reduced or retarded on poultry carcasses by treating eviscerated and defeathered poultry with a treatment solution containing an alkali metal orthophosphate, e.g., sodium, orthophosphate in combination with a basic agent, preferably sodium carbonate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the removal of cholesterol and/or cholesterol esters from foodstuffs by extraction with compressed carbon dioxide, whereina) the cholesterol-containing extraction material is treated with compressed carbon dioxide at a pressure above 100 bar and at a temperature of from 10.degree. to 90.degree. C.,b) from the carbon dioxide stream loaded with cholesterol and/or cholesterol esters, as well as with further lipophilic components, the cholesterol components are selectively removed by adsorption on a solid adsorption agent or by adduct formation andc) at least a part of the carbon dioxide current substantially free from cholesterol components is again passed over the treated extraction material and/or used for the extraction of untreated, cholesterol-containing extraction material.

Abstract: Disclosed are high meat content jerky-type pet treats and their methods of preparation. The present pet jerky treats provide product quality attributes of conventionally prepared jerky treats but with substantial cost savings. The present method involves a multi-step extrusion cooking process of major amounts involving aqueous dispersions of animal meats, soy meal, farinacious material, and minor amounts of salts, humectants, and flavorants.

Abstract: A process for the removal of sterols and/or lipid components (e.g., cholesterol and fats) from lipid containing food (e.g., meat) using sub or super-critical fluids (e.g., CO.sub.2) involves initial processing of the food to produce an intermediate moisture product in which substantially all of the "free water" but not all of the "bound water" is removed. Different moisture removal techniques may be used. Where freeze drying of food flakes is adopted the moisture level is preferably reduced to 30-55% w/w. The intermediate moisture product is treated with supercritical CO.sub.2 to remove the lipids therefrom. Optionally the cholesterol can be separated from the fat component by use of an absorbent to selectively remove the cholesterol from the supercritical CO.sub.2. The product can be reconstituted with water and fat to provide a reconstituted meat product suitable for hamburgers.

Abstract: A method of preparing high integrity natural nitrogenous granules for agriculture by heating natural nitrogenous materials under alkaline conditions until the materials develop adhesive properties, forming the materials into granules by mechanical means, and heating the natural nitrogenous granules until they harden; and the compositions formed by this method. The granules for agriculture include natural fertilizers, secondary nutrients, micronutrients, and natural animal feed protein supplements. The method also provides natural based plant food and animal feed supplement granules containing natural or synthetic additive substances which are useful in agriculture. The natural materials used in the method include poultry waste, poultry feather meal, hair meal, seafood meal, blood meal, bone meal, soybean meal, food waste, and grain by-products.

Abstract: This invention pertains to poultry or fish foodstuffs wherein lactate salt is added in an amount effective to delay Clostridium botulinum growth.

Abstract: Described is a process for producing a marinaded proteinaceous product, such as a marinaded chicken meat, whereby the resulting product has a savory flavor, such as a teriyaki flavor, comprising the steps of:(a) providing a meat muscle tissue inner food core;(b) preparing a mixture of:(i) an inorganic phosphate salt;(ii) water; and(iii) a reaction flavor which is a reaction product of cysteine hydrochloride, thiamine hydrochloride and macerated meat;(c) coating the mixture of (b) onto the surface of the meat of (a) and keeping the coating on the meat for such a period of time as to cause the meat to permanently absorb or adsorb the flavor composition of (b); and(d) cooking the resulting product.

Abstract: Described is a process for preparing a batter-coated, barrier layer-coated porous inner food structure containing macerated beef or macerated chicken having the properties of:(x) retention of a substantial quantity of the water originally contained in the macerated beef or macerated chicken structure on re-cooking; and(y) substantial imperviousness to the absorption or adsorption of cooking oil into the resulting product when the resulting product is contacted with cooking oil on further cooking (re-cooking) subsequent to the cooking step required to prepare the product.The barrier coating consists of starch, methyl cellulose and xanthan gum. Additionally, the barrier coating may contain a reaction flavor composition and/or a reaction flavor precusor composition which results in retention of substantially all of the flavor nuances originally present in the macerated chicken or beef on re-cooking beyond the original cooking step. The prodct also includes one or more silicon oxide derivatives.

Abstract: Described is a process for producing a marinaded proteinaceous product such as marinaded chicken meat whereby the resulting product has a savory flavor such as a teriyaki flavor, comprising the steps of:(a) providing a chicken meat food core;(b) preparing a mixture of:(i) an inorganic phosphate salt;(ii) water; and(iii) a reaction flavor which is a reaction product of cysteine hydrochloride, thiamine hydrochloride and macerated chicken meat;(c) coating the mixture of (b) onto the surface of the chicken meat of (a) and keeping the coating on the chicken meat for such a period of time as to cause the chicken meat to permanently absorb or adsorb the flavor composition of (b); and(d) cooking the resulting product.

Abstract: Meat and poultry portions, such as chicken breasts, are marinated uniformly with standardized quality under various conditions encountered in the manufacturing process. This quality is achieved by mixing a batch of raw products in a marinade to pass the products periodically out of the marinade. The meat and the marinade are simply metered to provide a predetermined amount of marinade to be absorbed by the meat. The meat is then simply mixed or agitated with the marinade until all the marinade is absorbed and the outer meat surfaces are covered by a myosin protein layer. A coating mixture of dry powders, including natural sugar solids, is applied to the moistened surface of the marinated meat and adheres to the myosin layer to produce a uniform thin glazing coat adhering to the product surface. Flavorings and spices in the coating mixture provide product taste, and sugar solids provide a product appearance.

Abstract: A poultry sausage made from poultry meat without the use of binders is made by the grinding of the poultry meat together with selected ingredients in a single step through a fine plate of a meat grinder followed by a post grinding incorporation step in which the meat and ingredients are constantly mixed by means of a paddle mixer. An alternate embodiment of the invention includes a fowl wing having the inner limb deboned so that the meat with the skin of the inner limb forms a tube or container for the sausage meat or mixture.

Abstract: A two-phase meat product comprising 20-90 wt % of a texture imparting phase consisting of aligned flat meat slices, having a thickness of 0.5-6 mm, and 80-10 wt % of a finely dispersed succulence imparting phase, which product exhibits a parallel arrangement of its constituent phases, so that appropriate planes of orientation are formed to give sequential breakdown of the product in the mouth upon consumption. Also a process of producing these products is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of packaging turkey emulsion and turkey skin in a flexible plastic package wherein the turkey skin has been frozen prior to insertion into the package.

Abstract: A method of making a low fat food item having the taste and flavor of a fried food product is disclosed. The food item is first wetted and then coated with a breading mixture. After spraying the food item with a mist of water until the breading composition appears sticky, the product is ready for cooking. The food item is then placed in a cooking tray and hot gas jets are directed against to coated surface of the food item at a temperature of 375.degree.-475.degree. F. for a time of 11-25 minutes. After cooking the food item is sprayed with a mist of water to turn the item uniformly brown. Food which has been cooked by this method can then be vacuum packed and retains its flavor for an extended period of time.

Abstract: Disclosed are high meat content jerky-type pet treats and their methods of preparation. The present pet jerky treats provide product quality attributes of conventionally prepared jerky treats but with substantial cost savings. The present method involves a multi-step extrusion cooking process of major amounts involving aqueous dispersions of animal meats, soy meal, farinacious material, and minor amounts of salts, humectants, and flavorants.

Abstract: A method for coloring raw meat wherein the raw meat muscle surface or meat skin is coated with a coloring solution. The coloring solution contains liquid smoke and caramel. The colored meat is then packaged and cooked.

Abstract: Described is a process for preparing a batter-coated, barrier layer-coated porous inner food structure containing macerated beef or macerated chicken having the properties of:(x) retention of a substantial quantity of the water originally contained in the macerated beef or macerated chicken structure on re-cooking; and(y) substantial imperviousness to the absorption or adsorption of cooking oil into the resulting product when the resulting product is contacted with cooking oil on further cooking (re-cooking) subsequent to the cooking step required to prepare the product.The barrier coating consists of a starch, methyl cellulose and xanthan gum.

Abstract: Described is a process for preparing a batter-coated, barrier layer-coated flavored porous inner food structure containing macerated beef or macerated chicken having the properties of:(x) retention of a substantial quantity of the water originally contained in the macerated beef or macerated chicken structure on re-cooking;(y) substantial imperviousness to the absorption or adsorption of cooking oil into the resulting product when the resulting product is contacted with cooking oil on further cooking (re-cooking) subsequent to the cooking step required to prepare the product; and(z) retention of substantially all of the flavor nuances originally present in the macerated chicken or macerated beef on re-cooking beyond the original cooking step used to produce the product originally.The barrier coating consists of a starch, methyl cellulose, xanthan gum as well as a reaction flavor composition and/or reaction flavor precursor composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel poultry product resembling a slice or chunk of poultry breast meat, but which in fact comprises two relatively thin slices of poultry breast meat having laminated between them comminuted e.g. mechanically deboned and/or ground poultry meat so as to provide a unitary product which appears as an integral piece of meat although its interior is actually comprised of many individual pieces of meat, bound together. The poultry product of the invention when served cold, at room temperature, or when heated for serving, can be sliced without a high degree of desintegration, crumbling or falling apart. Where poultry dark meat is used in the composite of the invention preferably the dark meat has been at least partially decolorized so that the visual effect upon viewing a cross section of the composite is one of a poultry white meat or at least relatively light meat product.

Abstract: A turkey product that is an integral combination of a turkey breast, a portion of the upper back and the wings, with the upper back portion supporting the breast in an upwardly inclined cooking position and the wings stabilizing the breast in this position for enhanced cooking. The product is formed by severing the neck of a whole turkey at the fourteenth cervical vertebra, severing the rectus abdominus muscle and related skin along a natural line between the anterior thigh muscle and the posterior edge of the rib cage, and separating the product from the rear portion of the turkey between the sixth and seventh thoracic vertebra.