Abstract: Fat-free, shelf-stable toppings and fillings for bakery products contain a flavoring such as chocolate, lemon or vanilla, converted starch such as a modified tapioca starch, a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerol, and low molecular weight sugars such as a mixture of sucrose, glucose and corn syrup. Preferred formulations contain substantially no fat, and, as the sugar component, comprise corn syrup containing high fructose corn syrup. Preferred compositions contain from about 60% to about 70% by weight of a sugar component containing low molecular weight sugars and about 40% to about 50% corn syrup, from about 7% to about 12% converted starch, from about 2% to about 5% by weight glycerol and substantially no fat, and exhibit a water activity of about 0.70 or less. Chocolate compositions contain non-fat cocoa in one embodiment.

Abstract: A syrup of natural carob sugars having 55-75% sucrose, 7-15% fructose, 7-16% glucose, 0.5-3% other sugars, 4-14% cyclitols and 0.5-2% organic and inorganic impurities. Sugars are extracted from carob pulp and the juice thus obtained is subjected to chromatographic separation to separate the sugars from the non-sugars. The product obtained may be used in applications similar to those of other sugars.

Abstract: This invention provides a dry butter flake product for incorporation into baked goods and flour confections, and methods of manufacture. The dry butter flake product comprises from substantially 0 to 2% moisture, from about 20% to about 60% dry dairy solids, and the balance is a butterfat. The dry dairy solids are naturally occurring milk solids from which substantially all water has been removed. The method of manufacture provides for mixture of the ingredients so that the solids are suspended in the butterfat. Butterfat or butter oil crystallization is initiated in a tempering unit, and the tempered product is deposited on a moving belt which passes through a cooling tunnel to cool and crystallize the fats to produce a dried butter flake product.

Abstract: Liquid bread-improving compositions with improved stability that contain: 75-95 wt. % vegetable oil having an N.sub.2 less than 2.0, 1-5 wt. % hydrogenated vegetable oil having a melting point between 60.degree. and 70.degree. C., 1-5 wt. % partly hydrogenated vegetable oil having a melting point between 35.degree. and 45.degree. C., 2-20 wt. % emulsifiers, at least including DATA-esters, 0-0.2 wt. % flavors, 0.1-1.0 wt. % bread-improving enzymes, and 0.1-0.5 wt. % oxidants. The oil present in a crystallized form has the crystal size less than 25 mm and the average particle size of all particles present in the composition is less than 50 mm.

Abstract: The invention concerns ready-to-use bakery custard with long shelf-life. These products comprise:60-95 wt % of a fat emulsion0.01-20 wt % of a sweetener2-10 wt % of a UHT-stable starch1-5 wt % of a gelatin0.01-5 wt % of a UHT stable hydrocolloid and has a pH=6.5-7.5Stevens hardness of the product is 50-250 and viscosity at 50 s.sup.-1 ranges from 3,000-20,000 mPa.

Abstract: An anhydrous cheese-based product is provided which may be made into a cheese-based dry flake for incorporation into baked goods and flour confections, or which may be used in the preparation of snack items. The cheese-based product comprises from substantially 0 to 2% by weight of moisture, from about 20% to about 50% by weight of cheese solids, with the balance being cheese-compatible oils. The cheese solids are naturally occurring cheese solids that are derived from cheeses from which substantially all water has been removed, and thereby comprise the butterfat, protein, and lactose constituents of cheese. The cheese-compatible and bakery-compatible oils must be selected from the group consisting of suitable vegetable oils, butter oils, or other dairy fats, and mixtures thereof, which exhibit generally similar solid fat index and melting point characteristics as those of butterfat; and they must be miscible with the butterfat constituent of cheese solids, in any proportion, at temperatures of about 35.

Abstract: A reduced calorie bakery filling having enriched natural flavor is disclosed. The bakery filling, like a fruit bakery filling, has a substantially reduced level of sweeteners and a reduced level of starch to provide a predetermined reduction in the caloric content. The esthetic properties of the bakery filling are not adversely affected by reducing the amount of sweeteners and starches and the natural flavor of the bakery filling is maintained or enhanced.

Abstract: This invention provides a dry butter-based flake product for incorporation into baked goods and flour confections, and methods of manufacture. The dry butter-based flake product comprises from substantially 0 to 2% moisture, from about 20% to about 60% dry dairy solids, and the balance is a butterfat. The dry dairy solids are naturally occurring milk solids from which substantially all water has been removed. The method of manufacture provides for mixture of the ingredients so that the solids are suspended in the butterfat. Butterfat or butter oil crystallization is initiated in a tempering unit, and the tempered product is deposited on a moving belt which passes through a cooling tunnel to cool and crystallize the fats to produce a dried butter-based flake product.

Abstract: Fat in a confectionary chip is reduced to below about 10% by using a low-fat insoluble, non-gummy food material and 40-70% small particle sugar (less than 100 microns) in combination with about 13% moisture. The sugar to non-gummy food material ratio must be between 2:1 and 4:1 and the moisture between about 10% to about 15%. Hydrated food ingredients are added to retain at least some of the moisture in the bound state. Other ingredients which may be added to the formulation include syrups, milk solids and starch. The chips can be made by simply blending the dry ingredients and adding the moisture to form a dough in the form of a dry, crumbly paste. The dough is mixed or worked up well and then formed into the desired shape. The shape is then cut into pieces similar to chocolate chips.

Abstract: There is disclosed a food additive comprising a water soluble hemicellulose resulting from a degradation of a protein by degrading water insoluble vegetable fibers containing protein under acidic conditions of at about the isoelectric point of the protein and at a temperature of 130.degree. C. or lower, and composed of rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, galactose, glucose and uronic acid. This food additive is useful as a dispersant, a protein stabilizer, a modifier, and/or a foaming agent for food. Food containing the food additive is also disclosed.

Abstract: A material for food of slow digestion and absorption, characterized by comprising a starchy material having an amylose content in the range of from about 25 to about 60% by weight and a modifier for modifying said starchy material and having the enzymatic reaction ratio with amylase decreased to not more than 95% of unmodified starchy material.

Abstract: An improvement in dough compositions comprising the replacement of bromate improvers in conventional doughs with compositions comprising ascorbic acid, azodicarbonamide, and mixtures thereof in combination with peroxy compounds such as benzoyl peroxide and hydrogen peroxide in the presence or absence of fungal enzymes such as fungal alpha amylase and processes for their use are disclosed.

Abstract: A novel xylanase, obtained from Bacillus subtilis strains, is provided which improves the consistency and increases the volume of bread and baked goods containing it. B. subtilis DSM 7147 containing the plasmid pIK 91 produces the xylanase. Genetic engineering insertion of the gene encoding the xylanase in the plasmid pUB110 is described.

Abstract: Methods of preparing a modified wheat flour which slows digestion and absorption of food. In the methods of this invention, 100 parts by weight of flour and 2 to 50 parts by weight of an edible amphiphilic fatty acid compound are contacted with each other in the presence of water or a solvent to permit the fatty acid compound to bind the starch in the flour, without gelatinizing the starch.

Abstract: Novel protein partial degradation products obtainable from grain proteins such as wheat protein, maize protein, soya bean protein, etc., by specific degradation treatments, which are useful as a quality-improving agent for various food stuffs, a surface active agent, a dispersing agent for particles, etc.

Abstract: A breadmaking dough conditioner is disclosed which comprises (a) an ascorbic acid, (b) at least one amino acid or salts thereof selected from the group consisting of cystine, methionine, asparagic acid, alanine, glycine and salts thereof, (c) an alum and (d) at least one emulsifier selected from the group consisting of a glycerol fatty acid monoester and a sucrose fatty acid ester having an HLB value of 5 to 10. The dough conditioners are especially suitable for the manufacture of bread using a frozen or chilled bread dough. They can prepare breads which have no fisheyes on the surface of the baked bread, have large bread volume and are good in all respects of appearance, inner phase, taste and flavor.

Abstract: A low-fat dry mix, ready-to-use batter and baked composition are disclosed which are composed of a sweetened, cereal-grain ingredient base with a fat mimetic system of polydextrose, cellulosic material, non-fat milk solid or substitute, emulsifier, modified food starch, and a mixture of xanthan gum and guar or locust bean gum, preferably with lecithin and whey protein concentrate. The baked composition is moist, tender, crumbly with good mouthfeel but preferably contains, one-third fewer calories than a similar full-fatted composition.

Abstract: A very low fat baking substitute compound for fat and egg yolks, and the methods recommended for using the compound in the preparation of baked goods. The substitute compound imparts a soft and rich texture to the baked goods as well as preserving taste. In addition to greatly reducing the fat, it completely eliminates the cholesterol content of the baked goods while significantly increasing its shelf life.

Abstract: Improved baked goods, doughs or batters, dry mixes and methods for producing same are provided by the addition of a special calcium citrate reaction product to the flour-containing baking ingredients.

Abstract: A material for food of slow digestive absorption, comprising a farinaceous substance and a fatty acid compound bonded to said farinaceous substance and having an occupation ratio to the amylose in the farinaceous substance by the fatty acid compound in the range of not less than 10%.

Abstract: High-moisture food products are surface-coated with a coating comprised of 80 to 99.5% water, 0.1 to 3% sorbic acid or a salt thereof, and 0.2 to 3% kappa-carrageenan. The coating has a pH of 3.5 to 5.5 and sets at a temperature above 100.degree. F. The coating is well-suited for application to baked goods such as soft pies.

Abstract: Fat (cocoa butter) in a chocolate chip is reduced to below about 10% by using an aqueous sugar paste containing microparticles of cocoa dispersed in the paste. The colloid-like cocoa paste has improved food modifying properties of intense chocolate flavor similar to "conched" chocolate, fat-like mouthfeel, thickener, viscosity control and stability. The hydrated microparticles of cocoa in the paste have a particle size of about 0.1 to about 20 microns, preferably about 0.1 to about 10 microns, and an average mean particle size of about 2 to about 7 microns. The hydrated microparticles of cocoa are dispersed uniformly throughout the aqueous sugar paste. The paste has an Aw (water activity) of about 0.80 to about 0.90.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with pumpable bread improver compositions comprising a liquid glyceride oil, in which solid fat particles are dispersed together with bread improver ingredients. The content of total solid particles of these compositions is at least 18 wt. %. The dispersed solid fat has a particle size of 0.01-0.05 mm and preferably has a melting point of at least 40.degree. C. Processes for the preparation of these compositions are also described. In one process, all ingredients are mixed and milled together at a specific temperature so that the particle size of the solid components will be less than 0.05 mm. In another process, the small fat particles are made separately by spray-crystallisation and are mixed with the rest of the milled bread improver composition, optionally in the form of a dispersion in a liquid oil.

Abstract: A baking agent and a process for producing a baking agent for leavened doughs includes a phospholipid fraction whereby the portion of phosphatidyl choline to phophtidyl ethanolamine is lower than 1.

Abstract: A baking agent for breakfast-roll doughs includes a phospholopid fraction in which the portion of phosphatidyl choline to phosphatidyl ehtanolamine is greater than 1. A method for producing such a baking agent is also included.

Abstract: A refrigerated cookie dough composition is disclosed which has low water activity and also includes edible bits containing coloring agents such as Brach's.RTM. candy coated chocolates to form a product which is substantially free of color bleed after 90 days of refrigerated storage. The dough composition of the present invention has a water activity no greater than about 0.75. A method of forming a refrigerated dough composition having a water activity of no greater than 0.75 is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a food and drink having a reduced oil, fat, or sugar content yet retaining good gelation properties and good organoleptic properties, etc. A part of or the whole of gelation materials, low calorie sugars and/or oils and fats is/are replaced with polyfructan.

Abstract: A frozen cream puff paste which comprises 100 parts by weight of a retrogradation-resistant modified processed starch or wheat flour and a retrogradation-resistant modified processed starch, from 80 to 200 parts by weight of fat(s) and/or oil(s), from 100 to 200 parts by weight of water, from 100 to 250 parts by weight of whole egg and from 0.005 to 5 parts by weight of diacetyltartaric acid monoglyceride and/or succinic acid monoglyceride.

Abstract: Food products comprise a filling, enclosed in a bread-like casing have an intermediate cake layer (with a fully developed cellular crumb structure) having a specific volume of 1.5 to 4.0 m.sup.3 /kg and a fat content of at most 20 wt % based on the total recipe of the cake batter. The cake is preferably formed from a batter having its oil or fat phase in form of an O/W-emulsion, comprising water-soluble proteins and a specific combination of emulsifiers, comprising a C.sub.12 -C.sub.24 fatty acid acyl lactylate. Also a process of making the said food products and the use of the cake material as a moisture migration controlling agent and as a softness imparting agent therein has been disclosed.

Abstract: Doughs and batters are prepared which contain hydrated polysaccharide hydrocolloid hydrated insoluble fiber and hydrated protein preferably at a weight ratio of 1:0.8-6:1.1-4.5. The hydrated materials are added to the dough or batter formulation as an aqueous dispersion. The resulting dough and batter can be baked in a conventional manner. This invention is particularly useful in the preparation of fat-free baked goods.

Abstract: Microfragmented ionic polysaccharide/protein complex dispersions which are suitable for use as fat substitute compositions in food products such as ice cream, salad dressings, dips, spreads and sauces and methods for preparing such dispersions and food products.

Abstract: A reduced fat ready-to-spread frosting composition comprises a sweetening agent; reduced levels of a defined triglyceride high solids index shortening; high levels of particular emulsifiers; about 0.1 to 1.0 wt % of a selected high strength gelling agent; and elevated moisture levels. The shortening system is characterized by a high solid fat index. The frosting composition has a density of about 0.95-1.20 g/cc, contains less than about 6% total fat, and is further characterized in that the weight ratio of triglyceride to emulsifier is about 1:0.3-0.5.

Abstract: High-fiber baked goods contain an improved powdered cellulose fiber derived from cottonseed linters. The powder has a very small particle size and good hydration capability. As compared with cellulose derived from wood, the baked goods have improved volume. The combination of small particle size and good hydration characteristics permits the substitution of the powdered cellulose for a large percentage of the flour in bread to create high-fiber and/or reduced-calorie breads.

Abstract: A fiber-containing product based on seeds of leguminous plants comprises the cell wall ingredients of the seed, said ingredients being isolated upon previous removal of the seed coat. The product is prepared by whole seeds of leguminous plants being shelled to remove the cellulose-containing seed coat and being rinsed and steamed for bacteriological reasons are wet-ground to open the plant cells and to dissolve or suspend the starch particles, proteins, and soluble components contained in the plant cells; whereafter proteins, salts, soluble ingredients, and starch particles are removed as a filtrate through a filtration on a centrifugal sieve followed by a washing, filtration, and pressing of the resulting filter cake to increase the dry matter content before the filter cake is rasped and dried. The fiber product can be used when preparing e.g.

Abstract: Cookies having a shelf-stable plurality of textures are prepared from a composite dough comprising a filler cookie dough laminated to a casing cookie dough. The casing dough comprises a humectant in an amount greater than 25% by weight, based upon the sugar solids content of the casing dough. The filler dough comprises a humectant for imparting softness to the inner portion of the cookie. The water content of the filler dough is greater than the water content of the casing dough to facilitate control over the moisture content of the cookie. Cookies baked from dough pieces having a filler dough enrobed by a casing dough retain a firm and tender textured crumb structure on the outside and a soft textured crumb structure on the inside for extended times in proper packaging when the dough pieces are baked to an end-point moisture content of at least about 6% by weight, based upon the weight of the cookie.

Abstract: Cookies having a shelf-stable plurality of textures are prepared from a composite dough comprising a filler cookie dough laminated to a casing cooking dough. The casing dough comprises lactose and/or dextrose and less than 75% by weight sucrose, based upon the sugar solids content of the casing dough. The filler dough comprises a humectant for imparting softness or chewiness to the inner portion of the cookie. The casing dough is baked to a soft or tender textured crumb structure. The water content of the filler dough is greater than the water content of the casing dough to facilitate control over the moisture content of the cookie. Cookies baked from dough pieces having a filler dough enrobed by a casing dough retain a firm and tender textured crumb structure on the outside and a soft or chewy textured crumb structure on the inside for extended times in proper packaging when the dough pieces are baked to an end-point moisture content of at least about 6% by weight, based upon the weight of the cookie.

Abstract: A cake mix for making a low sodium cake, which has good volume, fine texture, good flavor, pleasant mouth feel and uniform color. A nonshortening portion and a shortening portion are combined with a baking powder portion that has balanced amounts of potassium carbonate and monocalcium phosphate to produce a final cake batter. The final cake batter is baked to produce a cake having a final pH of about 6.8 to 7.5 and having a sodium content of less than 35 mgs per serving.

Abstract: A method of packaging baker's yeast and one or more baking additives is provided. The additive(s) are placed in well-defined portions into one or more capsules depending on the particular additives utilized. The capsules have destructible walls and are leak-proof. The sealed capsule(s) are then placed in contact with yeast before use of the yeast. The combined additive(s) and yeast are particularly useful in breadmaking.

Abstract: A leavening composition for chemically leavening crackers is disclosed, which composition comprises ammonium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate and an edible acidic component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new physiological product extracted from algae and plants (e.g. artichokes), the process and apparatus used in its preparation by a combination of cryocomminution and molecular milling followed by ultra-decantation and ultra-filtration to obtain a sterile microburst product are described.

Abstract: By addition of polyglutamic acid or an edible salt thereof, in the case of breads and cakes, the baked volume is increased, an elastic and delicate grain of crumb is assured and a moist texture is provided, in the case of cookies and biscuits, a minimum of dimensional change on baking and a less stodgy texture are assured, in the case of noodles, the body and firm texture are increased and the dissolution of solid matters into boiling water is decreased.

Abstract: The invention describes a refrigerated, frozen or shelf stable improved baked good which will substantially retain its palatability upon microwave heating. The improvement is accomplished by the incorporation into the baked good of an effective amount of a chemically-modified starch with the exception of modified starches which are cross-linked only. The chemically-modified starch is preferably a food acceptable acetylated starch, hydroxypropylated starch, succinylated starch, propylated starch or combination. The modified starch is incorporated in an amount sufficient to reduce deteriorization in the palatability of the baked good upon microwave heating, preferably from 5 to 30 baker's percent. The starches are derived from potato, corn, wheat, rice and combinations.

Abstract: A chocolate syrup sweetened by honey which allows the syrup to be kept at room temperature even after opening. An approximate ratio of 8 parts honey to 1 part cocoa by weight is maintained in the formulations. When these are mixed together, water is also added which will vary from between 4 to 25% by weight of the total mixture. A flavoring, in less than 2% by weight of the syrup, can also be mixed into the syrup.

Abstract: A new water-insoluble, modified gluten product is now provided, which is produced by kneading a mixture of wheat flour, L-ascorbic acid, cystine and water, and then fractionating the resulting kneaded, dough-like hydrated flour mixture, by repeated water washing, so as to recover a fraction comprising the water-insoluble modified gluten product from the dough. The modified gluten product now produced is useful as a bread improver. This new modified gluten product may further be mixed with cystine and an emulsifier to prepare a bread improver composition, which may be added to a farinaceous bread flour mixture or bread-making dough and is useful to improve the crumb texture, outer profile and crumb palatability of the bread products and also render the bread-making dough as made of the farinaceous bread flour mixture remarkably tolerant to the mechanical workings of the bread-making dough.

Abstract: Fried snack food products are produced by grinding cereal grain kernels such that all of the ground grain passes through a U.S. Number 20 screen, uniformly hydrating the ground grain into a grain/water slurry, cooking the grain/water slurry under conditions used to uniformly gelatinize the starch in said slurry such that a gel is formed thereby, cooling and reducing in size the gel such that dry ingredients may be added to the gel, forming the gel so that it may be cut into individual snack food pieces, and thereafter drying the pieces for long term storage or frying the pieces for immediate consumption. The process produces the snack food product which has more uniform texture, is less expensive to produce and does not have the characteristic limed flavor of conventional "Mexican-style" corn chips.

Abstract: A new water-insoluble modified gluten product and a new water-soluble proteinaceous substance have now been found to be produced by kneading a mixture of wheat flour, one or more oxidizing agents such as L-ascorbic acid, potassium boromate, ammonium persulfate and potassium iodate, and water and then separating or fractionating the resulting dough-like or batter-like, hydrated flour mixture as kneaded, for instance, by repeated water-washing or centrifugation, so as to give individually a fraction comprising the water-insoluble modified gluten product, a fraction comprising an aqueous solution containing the water-soluble proteinaceous substance dissolved therein, and a fraction comprising the starchy substances and if necessary, subsequently dehydrating said aqueous solution.

Abstract: A filler cream for use with sandwich cookies and other foods which is soft at room temperature yet is structurally stable during simulated adverse transport conditions is obtained with an oleaginous composition having a solid fat index of: (a) from about 9 to about 20 percent, preferably from about 11 percent to about 15 percent, at 80 degrees F., (b) from about 4 percent to about 11 percent, preferably from about 5 percent to about 8 percent at 92 degrees F., and (c) from about 1 percent to about 4 percent preferably from about 1 percent to about 3 percent material at 100 degrees F. The ingredients are aerated, mixed, and cooled simultaneously to produce a composition which has a specific gravity of from about 0.70 to about 1.20, preferably from about 0.77 to about 1.0, most preferably from about 0.85 to about 0.95. The filler creams of the present invention exhibit a non-gritty, smooth texture and "quick get away" characteristics.

Abstract: A flaked dough conditioning agent is provided which effectively resists aggolmeration so that the agent may be easily scaled and admixed with other ingredients for commercial baking purposes. The agent includes respective quantities of stearoyl lactylic acid and calcium and sodium salts of stearoyl lactylate. Formation of the agent into flakes is achieved by comingling stearoyl lactylic acid and salts of stearoyl lactylate, melting and then blending this mixture, thereafter pouring a thin film of the melted mixture onto a cold plate, and scraping off flakes of the mixture as they form. Cold roll flaking techniques can be employed to produce commercial volumes of the flaked conditioning or emulsifying agent.

Abstract: A method for preventing staling of a starch-containing composition for foods and non-foods, which comprises adding an anhydrosugar and/or an anhydrosugar derivative to the composition. The method effectively and safely prevents or retards staling of the starch-containing composition due to retrogradation of gelatinized starch during long-term preservation.

Abstract: Fats and oils can be prevented from migration by using, when cakes are baked, a fat which contains 10% by weight or more of a disaturated-monounsaturated mixed triglyceride wherein at least one fatty acid residue among the three constituent fatty acids thereof is a saturated fatty acid having 20 to 24 carbon atoms.