Abstract: A method for establishing a calibrating standard for wafer inspection includes depositing solid ionized particles of a known size range with an aerosol onto a wafer. The method also includes depositing particles onto a wafer in a deposition chamber by using an aerosol stream and the solid particles suspended in a gas; ionizing the aerosol stream with a negative or positive charge polarity or both by passing the aerosol stream through a non-radioactive ionizer to produce charged particles and supplying such aerosol stream to the deposition chamber.

Abstract: A novel method to develop highly conductive functional materials which can effectively shield various electromagnetic effects (EMEs) and harmful radiations. Metallized nanotube polymer composites (MNPC) are composed of a lightweight polymer matrix, superstrong nanotubes (NT), and functional nanoparticle inclusions. MNPC is prepared by supercritical fluid infusion of various metal precursors (Au, Pt, Fe, and Ni salts), incorporated simultaneously or sequentially, into a solid NT-polymer composite followed by thermal reduction. The infused metal precursor tends to diffuse toward the nanotube surface preferentially as well as the surfaces of the NT-polymer matrix, and is reduced to form nanometer-scale metal particles or metal coatings. The conductivity of the MNPC increases with the metallization, which provides better shielding capabilities against various EMEs and radiations by reflecting and absorbing EM waves more efficiently.

Abstract: A method of creating adherent, fracture-toughened polycrystalline diamond coatings on carbide cutting tools or other workpiece substrates through the development of composite coatings comprising polycrystalline diamond and carbon nanotubes is described. The coating is deposited through a chemical vapor deposition process using a pre-determined hydrocarbon-hydrogen gas mixture suitable for nucleating diamond on the carbide particles and carbon nanotubes on the metallic binder. The deposited coating, which may be up to 30 micrometers in thickness, is typically characterized by a diamond or diamond-like carbon matrix in which carbon nanotubes are distributed as fiber-like filler materials.

Abstract: A fiber unit coating apparatus includes a chamber into which an uncured resin coated fiber unit is passed. Microspheres mixed with air are fed into the chamber via ducts and apertures. As a result rapid and even application of the microspheres can be achieved, and the system allows controllable application of the microspheres by varying the rate of flow of the air/microsphere mixture. Positive pressure chambers are provided to prevent the microspheres from blocking the inlet and outlet points where the fiber unit enters and leaves the chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a coated product comprising: (a) coating a substrate with a coating material to form a coated substrate; and (b) stabilizing the coated substrate to form the coated product; wherein the operating parameter of substrate-substrate contact and coated substrate-coated substrate contact differs between step a) and step b), such that in step b) the contact is minimized. An apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: A method for sinter coating a work-piece is disclosed, the work-piece having at least two sections of different surface-related heat capacities. The method includes a first step of pre-heating the work-piece to a first temperature that is higher than a fusion temperature of a sinter coating material. The method also includes a step of rapidly heating of the work-piece to a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature. However, the rapid heating step is halted before the temperature of the work-piece section with the greater surface-related heat capacity matches the second temperature. The work-piece then has a subsequent step of application of the sinter material to the work-piece.

Abstract: A composite powder for a deposition of a composite coating comprises a nonmetallic component and a metallic component, the metallic component having an amorphous structure or a nanocrystalline structure. The metallic component may include an amorphous metallic alloy. The metallic alloy may include constituents having the amorphous structure. The metallic component may include a combination of the metallic alloy existing in the amorphous state and constituents of the amorphous metallic alloy in the amorphous state. The composite metal-ceramic powders are used for depositing composite coatings on a selected surface. Disclosed are several methods and systems for producing such composite powders. Disclosed are also several methods and systems for depositing composite coatings. Advantageously, the deposited coatings exhibit high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance, and excellent structural properties.

Abstract: A system for cold gas dynamic spraying of particulate material has a de Laval nozzle and two or more radial particle inlets located between the throat and the outlet of the nozzle, the two or more particle inlets arranged symmetrically around a linear flow path of the nozzle. Blocking of the inlets is reduced by controlling pressure of particle carrier gas to provide a stable particulate material injection pressure before and during introduction of working gas into the nozzle, and/or by clearing the particle inlets of residual particles after a spraying process. Such a system and associated method combines benefits of both downstream and upstream cold gas spray systems. Further, a nozzle for spraying particulate material having a cross-sectional shape that is narrower in a middle section compared to edge sections provides coatings with superior cross-sectional profiles.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a powdery source supply system prevents outflow of particles from a chamber or an introduction line in a film forming process. A substrate processing system includes a powdery source supply system and a film forming processing unit. The powdery source supply system includes an ampoule for accommodating a powdery source, a carrier gas supply unit for supplying a carrier gas into the ampoule, an introduction line for connecting the ampoule and the film forming processing unit, a purge line branched from the introduction line, and a valve for opening or closing the introduction line. When the valve is opened and the interior of the purge line is evacuated prior to the film forming process, the carrier gas supply unit supplies a carrier gas so that the viscous force acting on particles by the carrier gas is greater than the viscous force in the film forming process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for coating at least one portion of a glass and/or ceramic substrate (2). In the latter output devices (5, 12, 22-25) are assigned to an application device (1) controlled by a control device (16). Said output devices (5, 12, 22-25) are assigned holding containers (18, 19) for holding a particle fluid (8, 26) and a pigment fluid (10, 27). The particle fluid (8, 26) and the pigment fluid (10, 27) are applied in a previously coordinated manner in terms of time and spatial distribution onto the substrate (2) to be coated.

Abstract: A method for coating a polymeric or composite component surface with a wear and erosion resistance metal layer includes the step of cold gas-dynamic spraying a powder mixture onto the polymeric or composite component surface to form the wear and erosion resistance metal layer. The mixture may include at least one metal powder and at least one hard particle powder.

Abstract: A process for preparing water-absorbing polymer particles by coating water-absorbing polymer particles with a particulate solid in a mixer, wherein the particulate solid is dispersed by means of a gas stream and the supply of the dispersed particulate solid in the mixer ends below the product bed surface.

Abstract: In a method particles are delivered to a thermal spraying process for forming a layer on a component. They are entrained there by a carrier gas stream and deposited on a component to be coated. The particles are dispersed in a liquid or solid additive before being introduced into a supply line which issues into the thermal spraying apparatus, the additive, after leaving the supply line, being transferred into the gaseous state in the carrier gas stream. A liquid additive evaporates or a solid additive is sublimated, whereby the particles in the carrier gas stream are separated. The dispersal of the particles in the additive simplifies an exact metering and prevents the particles from forming lumps, so that improved layers can be deposited by virtue of an improved homogeneity of the carrier gas stream. As the additive has been transferred into the gaseous state, it is not deposited in the layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for producing large scale nanostructured material comprising carbon nanotubes. Therefore, there is disclosed a method for making nanostructured materials comprising depositing carbon nanotubes onto at least one substrate via a deposition station, wherein depositing comprises transporting molecules to the substrate from a deposition fluid, such as liquid or gas. By using a substrate that is permeable to the carrier fluid, and allowing the carrier fluid to flow through the substrate by differential pressure filtration, a nanostructured material can be formed on the substrate, which may be removed, or may act as a part of the final component.

Abstract: An HS-PVD (high speed physical vapor deposition) or cold spray method for coating a substrate with a bonding agent layer is provided. This method includes generating a particle stream of a coating material, depositing the particle stream on the substrate and subjecting the substrate to a subsequent thermal treatment, wherein powder particles with a larger particle size are added to the particle stream. A device for implementing the method is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the formation of pellets containing an ultra hard core coated with an encapsulating material, the process including the steps of suspending ultra hard core material in a flow of gas; contacting the ultra hard core material with encapsulating to form pellets, introducing the pellets into a rotating vessel and contacting the pellets with encapsulating material to form pellets of greater mass than the pellets introduced into the rotating vessel. The invention also relates to a pellet containing an ultra hard core coated with an encapsulating material whenever produced by a process as hereinbefore described.

Abstract: In a method for the cold-gas spraying of particles having different solidities and/or ductilities and in a cold-gas spraying device (11) suitable for use in with the method, in order to obtain a comparatively high proportion of particles (23) having higher solidity and/or smaller ductility in comparison to the other particles (22), these particles are fed into an area (21) of the stagnation chamber (15) of the cold-gas spraying device which is very distant from the nozzle (14). Advantageously, the particles (23) have to cover a longer course through the stagnation chamber and are thus preheated. In this way, the deposition of these particles (23) on a substrate (25) is improved. Particularly metals having a transition temperature ranging between brittle and ductile behaviour can be provided with ductile properties by the preheating process, thereby simplifying the deposition process.

Abstract: The method of making a composite particle for an electrode in accordance with the present invention comprises a granulating step of integrating a conductive auxiliary agent and a binder adapted to bind the conductive auxiliary agent and an electrode active material together with a particle made of the electrode active material while in close contact with each other in an inert gas atmosphere so as to form a composite particle for an electrode containing the electrode active material, conductive auxiliary agent, and binder. When the composite particle obtained by this method is used as a constituent of an electrode, an electrode having an excellent electrode characteristic and an electrochemical device having excellent electrochemical characteristics can be formed easily and reliably.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of applying coatings to surfaces, wherein a gas flow forms a gas-powder mixture with a powder of a material selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, zirconium, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, aluminum, silver, copper, mixtures of at least two thereof or their alloys with at least two thereof or with other metals, the powder has a particle size of from 0.5 to 150 ?m, an oxygen content of less than 500 ppm oxygen and a hydrogen content of less than 500 ppm, wherein a supersonic speed is imparted to the gas flow and the jet of supersonic speed is directed onto the surface of an object. The coatings prepared are used, for example, as corrosion protection coatings.

Abstract: A polymer composite multiend roving material used to make structural composite parts includes a bundle of fibers held together by a high integrity sizing composition and surrounded by a powder coating polymer material. The powder coating material is approximately 10-80% of the dry weight of the multiend composite roving weight. The multiend composite roving material may then be easily processed further to form a molded composite part having good mechanical properties and high fiber content.

Abstract: A system (30) and method for fluidizing a polymer powder (11) to be sprayed, metering the material (12) and mixing it with a heated carrier-gas stream (13) to produce a spray (32), and using the spray (32) to transport the material (12) to a substrate (34) and radiant an convective heating of the material (12) during transport to achieve melting of the polymer powders (11).

Abstract: A composite structure formation method based on an aerosol deposition method by which an aerosol with brittle material fine particles dispersed in a gas is sprayed toward a substrate to form a structure made of the brittle material fine particles, the composite structure formation method includes: storing a plurality of controlled particles in a storage mechanism, the controlled particle being an assembly packed with a plurality of particles including the brittle material fine particles; supplying the controlled particles from the storage mechanism to an aerosolation mechanism; disaggregating the supplied controlled particles in the aerosolation mechanism to form an aerosol; and spraying the aerosol toward the substrate to form a composite structure having the structure and the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of powder materials coatings, in particular the introduction of material powder particles in a pulse mode to the surface layers of production. The invention can be used in various industries to give the surface specific physical and chemical characteristics, as well as for causing spot-markers on the surface of the production with the aim of their further identification, including new developed DNA-methods. The method proposed here is the method of causing markers on the surface Gasodynamically, which is described further: disperse gas powder dredge by supersonic gas jet in the booster channel and subsequent causing the powder from the gas powder dredge on the surface that is to be marked. At the same time the supersonic gas jet is supplied to the boost channel from the supersonic nozzle, in which the compressed gas is supplied from the source of gas.

Abstract: An aerosol spray apparatus and a method of forming a film using the aerosol spray apparatus are disclosed. The aerosol spray apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes: a carrier gas injection unit, which forms carrier gas by vaporizing liquefied gas and increases the pressure of the carrier gas; an aerosol forming unit, which forms an aerosol by mixing the carrier gas with powder; and a film forming unit, which sprays the aerosol in a normal pressure environment such that the film is formed on the surface of the board. The apparatus can perform a coating process with no restriction of the type and size of powder, simplify the process because the film can be formed in a normal temperature and pressure environment, and control a wide range of film thickness in a short time.

Abstract: A fiber unit coating apparatus includes a chamber into which an uncured resin coated fiber unit is passed. Microspheres mixed with air are fed into the chamber via ducts and apertures. As a result rapid and even application of the microspheres can be achieved, and the system allows controllable application of the microspheres by varying the rate of flow of the air/microsphere mixture. Positive pressure chambers are provided to prevent the microspheres from blocking the inlet and outlet points where the fiber unit enters and leaves the chamber.

Abstract: A powder supply system for a powder-coating installation, especially a parts painting installation using electrostatic powder, according to the invention, comprises a tank designed to contain the powder, means for feeding powder into the tank, means for injecting compressed air into the bottom of the tank in order to fluidize the powder, and an exit pipe in which the powder is entrained by the air from the tank, this pipe being connected to at least one powder using device situated at a distance, in particular a spray gun. The system also includes means for reducing the pressure in the tank below that of the feed means in order to fill the tank with powder.

Abstract: A method of producing absorbent articles, comprising: suspending particles in a gas carrier to form suspended particles; creating a series of pulses from the suspended particles, wherein each pulse in the series of pulses is created by: accumulating at least some of the suspended particles in a pulsing chamber to form accumulated particles on a rotary separator, and releasing at least some of the accumulated particles by rotating the rotary separator to create each pulse; and suctioning each pulse from the series of pulses onto a forming surface for the absorbent articles.

Abstract: In a cold gas spraying method, a gas jet (15) into which particles (19) are introduced is generated with the aid of a cold gas spray gun (20). The kinetic energy of the particles (19) results in a layer being formed on a substrate (13). The substrate is provided with a structured texture (24) which is transferred to the layer (20) that is formed. The method makes it advantageously possible to produce a high-temperature superconducting layer on the substrate (13) by selecting an appropriate particle (19) composition. The process can be additionally supported using a heating device (25) in a subsequent thermal treatment step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to thermosetting powder coating compositions comprising of at least one bismuth-containing inorganic pigment, at least one organic phosphorous stabilizer, at least one thermally polymerizable thermosetting powder coating resin and at least one crosslinker. The inventive thermosetting powder coating compositions are advantageously used where there is a need for heat resistant coatings and where only minor surface modifications during over bake conditions are acceptable. The invention also relates to the use of the inventive thermosetting powder coating compositions for the preparation of powdered paints and varnishes for the making of coatings and to coatings obtained therewith.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dry state process for coating a substrate, said process comprising the steps of: (A) forming a mixture comprising: (i) particles of a coating material; and (ii) particles of a substrate; wherein the substrate, or at least a portion thereof; and/or the coating material, or at least a portion thereof; is capable of undergoing a glass transition; and (B) sintering the mixture formed in step (A) at a temperature greater or equal to the glass transition temperature of the substrate, or portion thereof, or the coating material, or portion thereof, that is capable of undergoing a glass transition, so as to form a coated substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are reinforced metal matrix composites and methods of shaping powder materials to form such composites. Articles of manufacture are formed in layers by a laser fabrication process. In the process, powder is melted and cooled to form successive layers of a discontinuously reinforced metal matrix. The matrix exhibits fine grain structure with enhanced properties over the unreinforced metal, including higher tensile modulus, higher strength, and greater hardness. In some preferred embodiments, an in-situ alloy powder, a powder metallurgy blend, or independently provided powders are reinforced with boron and/or carbon to form the composite.

Abstract: The invention relates to slip resistant seamless packaging casings and more particularly to slip resistant seamless tubular food casings comprising cellulose or cellulose hydrate and having the surface modified with particles or fibres of food compatible material. The invention also relates to a method for the manufacture of said slip resistant tubular food casing having the surface modified with particles or fibres of food compatible material, and to the use of the obtained slip resistant seamless tubular food casing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing pharmaceuticals or parts thereof or food supplements or parts thereof, by coating substrates with a film-forming coating agent containing a pigment which is incompatible with the coating agent. The invention also relates to appliances for carrying out said method, especially a drum coater, a mushroom mixer, a fluidised bed appliance or a spray sifter comprising multiple spray devices.

Abstract: Granular sucralose-containing particles are produced by the methods of the invention, which involve coating sucralose from solution to form granules with this coated sucralose on an outer region thereof. The granules may incorporate agglomerated sucralose particles, with the solution-coated sucralose adding mass and generally resulting in a granule having a relatively smoothed and rounded. The granules have good flow properties, are low dusting, and resist caking. Methods of making the granules involve spraying an aqueous sucralose solution onto a fluidized bed of sucralose particles, followed by drying to form the granules.

Abstract: Processes for making fibrous structures wherein the process includes the step of contacting a fibrous structure with a solid additive such that the solid additive is present on a surface of the fibrous structure at a greater level than within the fibrous structure a solid additive are provided.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a polyamide powder, which includes polyamide particles having a median grain size d 50 of from 20 to 90 ?m, a content of fines <5 ?m of below 1% by weight, and at least 75% by weight of spherical particles in which all three spatial axes x, y and z of the individual particles have the same dimensions to within ±10%. Other embodiments of the invention provide a process for making and using the powder, and articles coated articles obtained thereby.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for providing vapors of at least one solid precursor intended to supply a physico-chemical processing device, comprising an enclosure capable of containing particles of the solid precursor and comprising an inlet and an outlet, the outlet being intended to be connected to the physico-chemical processing device; and means for circulating a gas between the inlet and the outlet to put the particles of the solid precursor in the form of a fluidized bed, and to convey to the outlet vapors of the solid precursor.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method of making a coated cellulosic textile, whereby a silk peptide is polymerized with a building block to develop a silk peptide/building block nanoparticle, said nanoparticle then being used to coat the textile. The resultant textile exhibits a high level of wrinkle recovery angle and/or tear strength, all without the use of N-methylol compounds, including ureas and formaldehydes.

Abstract: A process for the production of a shell mould, comprising the sequential steps of: (i) dipping a preformed expendable pattern into a slurry of refractory particles and colloidal liquid binder whereby to form a coating layer on the pattern, (ii) depositing particles of refractory material onto the coating, and (iii) drying, steps (i) to (iii) being repeated as often as required to produce a shell mould having the required number of coating layers, characterised in that during at least one performance of step (ii) the particles of refractory material have been pre-mixed with a gel-forming material whereby to coat at least a portion of the refractory particles with the gel forming material such that after contact with the coating layer moisture is absorbed by the gel-forming material thereby causing gellation of the colloidal binder so reducing the time required for drying in step (iii).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a water-absorbing material comprising the steps of a) spray-coating water-absorbing polymeric particles with an elastic film-forming polymer in a fluidized bed reactor in the range from 00 C to 15O0 C and b) heat-treatment of the coated particles at a temperature above 50° C., wherein in step a) and/or b) a coalescing agent is added and the water-absorbing material obtainable by this process.

Abstract: Wall-flow filters can be reproducibly provided with a catalytically active coating by providing a defined quantity of a coating composition and sucking this coating composition through the openings of the entry passages into the filter body. The coating composition is sucked in by applying a subatmospheric pressure to the openings of the exit passages of the wall-flow filters. A different ratio of the coating quantities on the inner surfaces (pore surfaces) and outer surfaces (geometric surfaces of the passage walls) forms depending on the type of coating composition—suspension of fine-particle solids, colloidal solution or solution of soluble precursors of catalytically active components.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of applying a particulate material to a substrate includes applying adhesive to the substrate and passing the substrate through a chamber in which a particulate material is suspended in a fluid in order to adhere the particulate material to the substrate.

Abstract: A composition containing from 88 to 99.99% by weight of a polyamide, a compound of a polyamide and mixtures of these, and from 0.01 to 0.25% by weight of a flow aid where the drying loss from the flow aid after 5 days of conditioning at a relative humidity of 95% is less than or equal to 1%, determined by ISO 787/2.

Abstract: A powder coating method that provides enhanced finish characteristics to a powder coated object. The object to be powder coated is vibrated such that the powder readily flows on the surface of the object. The improved flow of the applied powder results in a powder coated object having enhanced, or otherwise superior finish characteristics. The method works with existing powder coating methods, systems, and materials and the vibration may be applied before, during, and/or after the powder is applied, i.e., during heating and/or curing. Additionally, the vibrations may be produced by a variety of means and/or methods including direct mechanical contact (i.e., a vibrating plate), indirect mechanical contact (i.e., a vibrating hang wire), and/or indirect non-contact (i.e., acoustic) methods.

Abstract: An improved Wurster-type coater including a separator screen located within the Wurster tube in surrounding relationship to the spray nozzle and forming an annular volume through which at least a portion of smaller feed material particles are permitted to preferentially enter the spray pattern before the larger-sized particles can do so, thereby causing the smaller particles to become agglomerated first, resulting in finished product having a more even distribution of particle sizes.

Abstract: This invention relates to coated particles used as phosphor particles for a phosphor screen of a display and a coating method for such particles. In the coating method of the present invention, first particles having a mean particle diameter of 3 to 10 ?m are fluidized, and slurry drops obtained by suspending second particles having a mean particle diameter of 5 to 500 nm are generated from a spray nozzle or the like. Then, the fluidized first particles and the slurry drops are collided with each other, and thereby the second particles are coated on the surfaces of the first particles. Thereby, this invention is able to present coated particles wherein each surface of the first particles is uniformly coated with the second particles that are more microscopic than the first particles.

Abstract: The invention includes methods for imparting spectral characteristics to composite materials by coating prepreg or dry reinforcement materials with pigment, then processing the prepreg or dry reinforcement materials using conventional composite processing methods. The resulting composite material products are lightweight and have durable treatments. The invention further includes composite materials with spectral characteristics imparted by the methods of the invention.

Abstract: A tungsten disulfide metal surface treatment in which the substrate material is prepared through impingement of small blast media particle sizes to create formed pockets in the substrate material approximately matched to the size of the tungsten disulfide particles. A sand blast apparatus having a vibratory bowl with a throttled intake pipe enables small blast media particles to be used to prepare the substrate surface with the formed pockets. A method for forming the tungsten disulfide surface treatment through roughening the substrate surface in a controlled manner is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing insulations for electrical conductors by powder coating, which results in aging which is improved compared to glass-mica or casting-resin insulation, and a powder which is suitable for such a process. The powder is applied a number of times in succession, in the form of individual layers which follow one another, until a layer thickness of ?10 mm is reached, and each of the individual layers undergoes intermediate heat curing before the next individual layer is applied. The intermediate curing of each individual layer uses a curing time which corresponds to 2-10 times the gel time of the powder used. Finally, the entire insulation undergoes final curing. The result of an electrical life test carried out on various specimens insulated with epoxy-resin powder which contains fine filler.

Abstract: An intermittently laying method for intermittently forming laid layers (14) comprising a fluidized substance (13) laid thereon on a surface of a sheet-like member (12) moving in one direction, in the moving direction, the method comprising steps of: folding a part of the sheet-like member (12) corresponding to a non-laid portion (15) between adjacent laid portions inwardly towards a back surface side of the sheet-like member (12) on an upstream side of a coating head (16) for laying the fluidized substance (13) on the sheet-like member (12) thereby forming a continuous surface-to-be-laid (30) on a surface side; continuously supplying the fluidized substance (13) from the laying means to the surface-to-be-laid thereby forming the laid layer (14); bringing back the inwardly folded non-laid portion (15) so as to be flush with the surface-to-be-laid (30) on a downstream side of the coating head (16); and intermittently interposing the non-laid portion (15) between continuously laid adjacent laid layers (14).