Abstract: Linear elements such as filaments having grafted nibs are disclosed. The grafted nibs are generally fibrils and/or scales which can be flexible or rigid. The nibs can be randomly grafted onto the linear element or they can be inclined or oriented in one direction so as to offer relatively little resistance to penetration into a material and greater resistance to pulling out. The linear element with grafted nibs can be twisted or spun into a yarn or it can be used as a yarn component. The linear element with grafted nibs or a yarn thereof can be used as a non-slip thread, as laces, and the like or they can be a component of woven and non-woven articles.Also disclosed is a method for making the linear elements having a plurality of nibs physically bonded thereto. A substantially linear element such as a thread, a wire, a monofilament, a yarn, a ribbon or the like is contacted with a static or agitated mass of nibs thereby causing same to become physically bonded to the linear element.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new process for the preparation of new organic polyisocyanates having at least three isocyanate groups and containing allophanate groups, to the polyisocyanates obtainable by this process, and to their use as components for the production of polyurethane resins.

Abstract: Powder coating compositions, for coating metallic surfaces at high temperatures, comprising saturated, high-molecular thermoplastic copolyesters obtained by the condensation of terephthalic acid and other dicarboxylic acids with 1,4-butanediol and, optionally, other diols, and conventional auxiliary agents and additives.

Abstract: An improved method of coating glass bottles by flame spraying with pulverulent copolyamides which uses a copolyamide containing at least 30% by weight of laurolactam. The copolyamides, obtained by the hydrolytic polycondensation process are first subjected to a molecule-orienting treatment, then ground into powders at low temperatures, and these powders are sifted to a particle size distribution so that the proportion of powder having a particle size of between 30 and 100 microns is greater than 70 to 100%, and the proportion of powder having a particle size of less than 30 microns is 0 to 30%.

Abstract: The surface of a metal is treated in a fluidized bed system, in which a hot rolled metal is continuously subjected to an in-line treatment to suppress the formation of scale on its surface or to remove the same therefrom, and then is introduced into a gaseous fluidized bed of a non-oxidizing gas, which contains metal or alloy particles having a low melting point, as fluidized particles, so as to bring the hot rolled metal into contact with the fluidized particles. As a result, the fluidized metal particles or alloy particles may be melted and solidified on the surface of the rolled metal to provide a coated layer of a metal or alloy having a low melting point on the surface thereof. In addition, during the surface treatment in the fluidized bed system, a heat treatment such as patenting or cooling may be applied concomitantly in combination therewith.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with a new class of polyetheramide-imide phenolic resin blends. More particularly, the invention is concerned with polyetheramide-imide phenolic resin blends which exhibit melt viscosities suitable for solventless-dry powder coating and curing of polyether-imide insulating films on various substrates. The polyetheramide-imide phenolic resin blends are also suitable for the manufacture of filaments, fibers, films, molding compounds, coatings, etc.

Abstract: Improved electrostatic coating is obtained by heat-rounding or spheroidizing pulverized resin particles so that 30-80% take on a glossy appearance while the rest remain rough to provide a mixture that is free flowing at ordinary room temperature and would pass through a screen having openings not exceeding 200 micrometers. Preferably each particle of the mixture is a blend of thermosetting resin and curing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures which are suitable for use as lacquer powders or as binders for lacquer powders and which are solid and capable of being pulverized at temperatures below about 40.degree. C. and liquid at temperatures above about 150.degree. C., which mixtures comprise(a) an isocyanate component having masked isocyanate groups;(b) a polyhydroxyl component; and, optionally(c) the conventional auxiliary agents and additives;Characterized in that the substance used as component (a) is a polyisocyanate having isocyanurate groups and isocyanate groups which are masked with lactams. The present invention also relates to the use of these mixtures as lacquer powders or as binders for lacquer powders for coating any heat-resistant substrate by the conventional coating methods employed for lacquer powders.

Abstract: Thermosetting coating compositions for powder coating processes, having a good powder stability, comprise a mixture of 4-25 wt % of a polyepoxide resin, the average molecule of which contains at least two epoxy groups, and 75-96 wt % of a solid modified polyester resin having an acid number of 30-100 and softens in the range of 60.degree. C.-130.degree. C. The solid modified polyester resin is the reaction product of an anhydride of a polybasic, organic carboxylic acid and a polyester having a hydroxyl number of 15-50 derived from a dibasic aromatic carboxylic acid and a specific alcohol component.

Abstract: A fluidizing tank for granular refractory material has a porous bottom wall that is displaceable downwardly from a bottom edge of the tank in order to define a gap through which contaminating precipitated particles can fall from the tank, preferably aided by a downward slope of the porous wall. A receptacle housing the tank contains a vibratory sieve for separating the particles from the material falling from the tank so that the sieved material may be returned to the tank, preferably directly by mechanical or suction transfer from the bottom of the receptacle.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a printed circuit board is disclosed. The method comprises forming a patterned etch resist layer on a metal substrate and selectively etching the substrate to form a through hole with non-linear undercut walls. The etched metal substrate having the resist layer thereon is then coated with a dielectric powder to form a dielectric coat on the substrate having a sufficient through hole edge coverage.

Abstract: The application discloses a mixture of high molecular weight hard resins, such as polymethyl methacrylate, cellulose acetate butyrate and cellulose nitrate with low molecular weight benzoic acid terminated polyesters having a glass transition temperature in the range of -30.degree. C. to 40.degree. C. and a molecular weight in the range of 500 to 1500. The hard polyesters of this invention are obtained by the use of small diols and hard dibasic acids in addition to termination of the chain by the hardening component benzoic acid. Saturated linear dicarboxylic acids are used for less than half of the acid monomer content, on a molar basis, since these are softening components. The polyesters are used to lower the melting point and improve the flow of the high molecular weight polymers without excessively plasticizing these high molecular weight polymers to the point where they are noticeably softened at use temperatures.

Abstract: Low molecular weight copolymers of (1) acrylic acid esters or methacrylic acid esters of alcohols such as methanol with (2) esters of bicyclic alcohols such as isobornyl alcohol and unsaturated acids such as methacrylic acid, as contrasted with high molecular weight copolymers of such monomers (1) and (2) (see U.S. patent No. 3,485,775) and as contrasted to other acrylic polymers, are found to be exceptional in compatibility with practically all types of hard coating resins, and to lower the flow temperature of the mixture when using powder coating methods such as an electrostatic spray or a fluidized bed, electrostatic or not, as compared with the use of the hard coating resin alone.

Abstract: Thermosetting resin compounds produced by polymerizing together bismaleimide expressed by the general structural formula: ##STR1## where: R.sub.1 is hydrogen or alkyl group,R.sub.2 is --O--, --CH.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 -- or --S--S--, andR.sub.3 is hydrogen, alkyl group or chlorine;Aminophenol expressed by the general structural formula: ##STR2## where R.sub.4 is hydrogen, halogens or alkyl group; A SPECIFIED EPOXY COMPOUND; AND IMIDAZOLE WHICH IS EXPRESSED BY THE GENERAL STRUCTURAL FORMULA: ##STR3## where R.sub.7 to R.sub.10 are hydrogen or alkyl group and R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 may be benzyl or phenyl, and which may be added, if necessary.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for collecting powder exhausted from an electrostatic fluidized bed coater, in which exhaust air passes from the cloud chamber of the coater into an inner exhaust chamber and then passes through a porous plate to an outer exhaust chamber, the powder carried by the exhaust air being stopped by the porous plate and thereafter collected from the inner chamber.

Abstract: A resinous composition, suitable as a high voltage insulation for electrical members, is made from an admixture containing: 100 parts of an epoxy resin, about 25 to 200 parts of an acid anhydride reactive with the epoxy resin, about 0.01 to 2.0 parts of chromium or zirconium acetylacetonate, acting as a latent accelerator and about 0.3 to 30 parts of a selected organic carboxylic acid, acting as a co-accelerator.

Abstract: Melt-processible fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer powders may be rendered more adherent to substrates, particularly metal substrates, by irradiating the copolymer powder with about 0.5 to 6 megarads of radiation, and preferably about 2 to 4 megarads. The copolymer powder should have a maximum particle size of about 420 microns, and the particles should preferably range in diameter from about 177 to 420 microns. The irradiation increases the melt index of the copolymer, preferably by a factor of about 2 to 10. As a result, the powder has improved flow properties and may be more easily milled to a smaller particle size for application to a substrate. The adhesion of the irradiated powder to metal substrates is improved by a factor of about 2 to 3.

Abstract: Coatings of particulate materials are produced by the use of a highly ionized gas which, in turn, is employed to electrostatically charge the particles. The ionized gas is generated at location that is remote from the place at which it is passed through the particulate material, thus providing outstandingly safe operating conditions without sacrifice of the efficiency, uniformity or reliability of electrostatic charging.

Abstract: A flocking system including a cabinet supporting a substrate to be flocked and a flock tray, means for raising and lowering the flock tray into and out of contact with the substrate (such as a garment), and means for sealing the moving flock tray to the cabinet to prevent flock from getting into the cabinet to prevent contamination of the mechanics of the internal portion of the cabinet by flock. The flock tray includes a slowly rotating rotor for keeping the flock agitated, a telescoping shaft connecting the rotor to the motor, a flock tray holder for maintaining the seal with the cabinet, and a flock tray cover with one or more flocking masks with various size openings.

Abstract: A method for reducing lace breakage in a process in which a continuous roving is impregnated with a polymer powder before melting and consolidating the impregnated roving, wherein the consolidated lace tension is continuously recorded and the supply of polymer to the roving correspondingly adjusted.

Abstract: A powder coating composition which comprises at least one solid resin and at least one polyisocyanate compound having an average of at least two isocyanate groups per molecule, in a weight ratio of from 99 : 1 to 30 : 70 is provided. The composition has excellent storage stability and affords a coating film with excellent properties.

Abstract: A thermosetting powder coating composition comprising:(A) a graft copolymer ofA. 10 to 40 percent of a linear polyester having a number average molecular weight of 600 to 3,000 and containing one ethylenically unsaturated double bond only at one end of the molecule,B. 5 to 30 percent of at least one of glycidyl esters having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl, and C. 10 TO 85 PERCENT OF AT LEAST ONE OF ACRYLIC COMPOUNDS HAVING THE FORMULA OF CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(R.sub.2)COOR.sub.3, wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sub.3 is alkyl having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, cyclohexyl or hydroxyalkyl represented by ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, said graft copolymer having a softening point of 70.degree. to 110.degree. C and a number average molecular weight of 2,000 to 30,000; and(B) at least one of polycarboxylic acids and anhydrides thereof in an amount of 0.6 to 1.2 moles in terms of carboxyl group per mole of the glycidyl group contained in the graft copolymer.

Abstract: A coating powder is made by hot melt mixing a composition of three diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A, a pre-prepared epoxy ester, and a curing agent containing trimellitic anhydride. The composition is cooled to form a solid which is ground into a powder. Wire or other articles are coated with the coating powder in an electrostatic fluidized bed or with an electrostatic gun and the powder is cured.

Abstract: A system for electrodynamic powder coating of conducting and non-conducting substrates using an electrodynamic fluidized bed. The system generally includes a coating applicator means for applying charged particles to the substrate to be coated, and postcharging means for applying to the substrate an additional charge of such polarity as to cause an increase in the electrostatic forces holding the coating particles to the substrate. The system further includes a precharging means for precharging the substrate with a charge of such polarity as to effect more uniform coating of the substrate and a higher rate of coating. Where the substrate to be coated is a continuous web, the system includes a conveying means for conveying the web through the various positions adjacent to the three aforementioned means.

Abstract: A method of applying a bearing lining at least 0.005 inch thick of polyarylene sulphide to a bearing backing, which comprises applying to said backing a powder composition consisting of at least 80% by weight of uncured polyarylene sulphide together with at least 10% by weight of precured polyarylene sulphide, said precured polyarylene sulphide having been cured by being heated in air for 2 hours at at least 400.degree. C and is in the form of particles with sizes in the range 53-211 microns, and then heating and curing the uncured polyarylene sulphide of the coating by heating to a temperature of at least 380.degree. C. To produce the cured powder, uncured powder is mixed with salt and then cured; the salt prevents the powder from coalescing, and is subsequently dissolved out.

Abstract: A glass decorating color is applied to a glass article but is not bonded permanently to the glass. A finely divided heat settable plastic material is applied to the article over the impermanently bonded color and onto glass surface areas beyond the area covered by the color. Heat setting of the plastic material, even though insufficient to permanetly bond the color itself to the glass, forms a smooth plastic film over the decoration and fixes the color with respect to the glass surface.

Abstract: Finely-divided, water dispersible, low molecular weight, linear polyamide resin particles having a unique morphology and of uniform particle sizes are formed by preparing a linear polyamide of a predetermined low molecular weight in the presence of water followed by rapidly quenching the reaction mass with an aqueous medium below the freezing point of the polyamide and continuing the cooling of the mass to a temperature sufficiently low so as to prevent particle growth and structural alteration while regulating the pH of the quenched mass to provide particles of predetermined, uniform size dispersed in the aqueous medium. The particles vary from ultimate flaky sheets or lamellae to loosely packed, randomly oriented, clusters of flaky sheets. Spray dried products may be agglomerates which disintegrate readily in water to the original particles or aggregates depending upon intended uses.

Abstract: An apparatus for collecting powder exhausted from an electrostatic fluidized bed coater, in which exhaust air passes from the cloud chamber of the coater into an inner exhaust chamber and then passes through a porous plate to an outer exhaust chamber, the powder carried by the exhaust air being stopped by the porous plate and thereafter collected from the inner chamber.

Abstract: A coating powder is made by preparing a composition of two different diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and a curing agent, extruding the composition, cooling it to form a solid, and grinding the solid into a powder. Wire or other articles are coated with the coating powder in an electrostatic fluidized bed or with an electrostatic gun and the powder is cured.

Abstract: In apparatus for treating and separating products in granular form, a container is provided with fluidization and vibration means, the grains and the pulverulent solid are subjected to the fluidization treatment only in a vertical portion of the bed, the circulation currents arising therefrom are utilized for separating, within the container itself, the treated product in granular form from the pulverulent solid, and the vibrations are utilized for discharging the treated products to the outside.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for coating a substrate by a powder coating process wherein a polyester powder is applied to said substrate which improvement comprises using as the polyester powder a partially crystalline powder of a polyester condensation product of an acid component comprising an acid or ester of at least terephthalic acid and a diol component at least 50 molar percent of which is 1,4-butanediol; a polyester coating powder which is a partially crystalline polyester of an acid component at least part of which is an acid or ester of terephthalic acid and a diol component at least 50 molar percent of which is 1,4-butanediol, said powder having a glass transition temperature between -20.degree. and +50.degree. C., measured as the attenuation maximum in accordance with Deutsche Industrie Norm 53,445 a reduced n.sub.red viscosity of at least 0.

Abstract: Adherence of polyvinylchloride coatings to substrates such as metal, glass, and ceramics is improved by using as the coating composition a copolymer of polyvinylchloride admixed with monoalkyl-monyaryl, dialkyl, or diaryl tin bismercaptocarboxylic acid ester of polyvalent alcohol. The composition adheres directly to the substrate.

Abstract: Objects are coated using apparatus which includes a mechanical barrier effectively interposed between a cloud of particles which is produced thereby, and the travel path for objects conveyed therethrough. The barrier means includes an upstanding baffle having an edge portion configured to progressively expose different vertical portions of the object as it is conveyed thereby. Generally, at the beginning of the travel path the lower portions of the objects will be masked by the baffle so as to promote deposition of the particles upon the upper surfaces initially. As it proceeds along the travel path, progressive exposure of the lower portions of the object will permit the complete and uniform coating thereof.

Abstract: A process for forming a polyolefin coating layer onto a surface of a metal which comprises coating an uncured epoxy resin layer onto the surface of a metal and melt-bonding a polyolefin modified with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof onto the uncured epoxy resin layer coated onto said metal surface. The coating layer has a high bonding strength and excellent water resistance, especially resistance against brine.

Abstract: A build control is disclosed, for controlling the thickness of a coating on different sides of an elongated member such as a wire. The build control is a tube which is positioned around the wire as the wire passes through a fluidized powder. The end of the tube which is in the fluidized powder is notched so that the build of powder on each of the sides of the elongated member is more or less than would otherwise result.

Abstract: A workpiece such as an electronic component, comprising a body and leads that project in one direction from the body, has its body coated by immersing it in a fluidized bed while the workpiece is vibrated. Immersion depth is such that the uppermost surface of the body is at or just slightly below the top surface of the fluidized bed. Vibration of the workpiece during immersion ensures a uniform thickness coating all over the body and prevents "pants legs" on the leads.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for coating a substrate by a powder coating process wherein a polyester powder is applied to said substrate which improvement comprises using as the polyester powder a partially crystalline powder of a polyester condensation product of an acid component comprising an acid or ester of at least terephthalic acid and a diol component at least 50 molar percent of which is 1,4-butanediol; a polyester coating powder which is a partially crystalline polyester of an acid component at least part of which is an acid or ester of terephthalic acid and a diol component at least 50 molar percent of which is 1,4-butanediol, said powder having a glass transition temperature between -20.degree. and +50.degree. C., measured as the attenuation maximum in accordance with Deutsche Industrie Norm 53,445 a reduced n.sub.red viscosity of at least 0.

Abstract: A powdery coating composition suitable for coating metallic surfaces at high temperatures, comprising powdery particles of a saturated, high-molecular weight thermoplastic polyester having an RSV value of about 0.4-1.2 dl./g. having homogeneously dispersed throughout said particles about 0.1-5% by weight, based on the weight of the polyester, of a flow agent of the formula ##STR1## wherein N IS AN INTEGER OF 0-6;M is an integer of 2-12; andX is oxygen or an --NH-- group.

Abstract: A coating powder is made by preparing a composition of two different diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and a curing agent, extruding the composition, cooling it to form a solid, and grinding the solid into a powder. Wire or other articles are coated with the coating powder in an electrostatic fluidized bed or with an electrostatic gun and the powder is cured.

Abstract: This invention provides a coating for ferrous metal surfaces, comprised of a blend of high density and low density polyethylene powder. The coating is completed to the desired thickness in one application of the blended powder on a hot (400.degree. to 550.degree. F) ferrous metal surface. The coating may be cured or quenched after application depending on the amount of heat available from the coated object.

Abstract: Finely powdered coating compositions comprising (1) an unsaturated polyester resin made up of (a) a polyol component containing not less than 30 mole percent of a glycol having cycloalkylene or phenylene group and (b) an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid component containing tetrahydrophthalic acid and/or a drying oil fatty acid, (2) a solid vinyl or allyl compound and (3) a curing catalyst, give coating layers which are very hard, tough and resistant to solvents by powder coating methods.

Abstract: Small workpieces to be coated with plastic material are preheated and dropped onto a fluidized bed of plastic powder subjected to compound vibratory motion which causes the powder and the workpieces to move along a helical ramp onto a screen overlying the point of entry, with some of the particles fusing onto the workpiece surfaces to form a film. The remainder of the powder, on reaching the screen, drops back onto the bed as the coated workpieces move on to a receptacle. Fresh workpieces are deposited on the bed through one or more chutes traversing the screen; to prevent the rise of any particles through the chutes, a downward airflow is created therein.

Abstract: Polymeric materials are disclosed which comprise a hydroxyalkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, a monoethylenically .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid, and an alkyl ester or esters of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid are partially neutralized, isolated, and powdered to give useful powder coating compositions.The compositions are particularly adapted to provide coatings on metals, a method for accomplishing this being disclosed.

Abstract: A preheated workpiece having a surface with substantially arcuate curvature is supported by rotatable supporting means which has limited contact with said surface. Heat fusible plastic material in finely divided solid form is propelled against all parts of the surface of the workpiece, to be melted by its heat and fuse into an overall coating. During such coating, and thereafter until the material solidifies to substantial hardness, the supporting means is rotated, imparting rotation to the workpiece by its rolling contact therewith, and is cooled to maintain its temperature below the melting point of the material.

Abstract: The powder paint of the present invention comprises an amino polyester resin and an epoxy compound as essential components and can preferably contain other resins or other compounds, pigments, additives, etc. Said powder paint, when applied to substrate by powder coating methods, provides a tough thermosetting film by means of crosslinking of amino groups of the amino-group-containing polyester resin with epoxy groups of the epoxy compound by baking. The obtained film has excellent weather resistance, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties and chemical resistance.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for coating workpieces in a fluidized plastic bed in which the workpieces are heated to a predetermined high temperature, then suspended from their upper ends and lowered into a container having a fluidized plastic coating material therein. A fixed support frame over the container has a vertically movable support thereon for the workpieces and a vibrator mounted adjacent the lower end of the vertically movable support vibrates the workpieces at a predetermined rate while the workpieces are supported in a suspended relation within the fluidized plastic bed.

Abstract: A screen or plate is positioned above and adjacent the normal fluidized pulverulent material top surface level in a typical fluidized bed construction. The screen extends over substantially the entirety of the bed and has enlarged openings therein of a size suitable for the acceptance of the articles that are to be immersed in the pulverulent or powder material. Screen placement within the fluidized bed is also such that upon article immersion into the entrained powder bed, the magnitude of the powder level increase insures that there is at least contact between the screen and bed top surface which will stabilize the bed top surface and preserve the continuity thereof during article immersion and removal. Similarly, an intermittently operable material feeding system is contemplated to assure that a substantially uniform and constant amount of pulverulent material is maintained in the bed during the coating operation.

Abstract: A powder cloud development apparatus is provided for developing latent electrostatic images on the surface of an insulating member, normally a photoconductive layer, employing a powder cloud development system. The development apparatus is operable in either a positive or negative mode and includes a development electrode comprising a plurality of spaced substantially parallel wires, a gap, or open section, which is formed between selected groups of these wires, the wires being connected at each end to a continuous loop drive mechanism. The parallel wires therefore or the gap may either be presented in operable relationship to the surface of the insulating member in order to provide either electroded or non-electroded development in the negative and positive modes respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to heat-curable pulverulent coating agents, frequently also called powder lacquers, which are suitable for applying a coherent coating which possesses excellent properties after heat-curing.

Abstract: A process for forming a polyolefin coating layer onto a surface of a metal which comprises coating an uncured epoxy resin layer onto the surface of a metal and melt-bonding a polyolefin modified with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof onto the uncured epoxy resin layer coated onto said metal surface. The coating layer has a high bonding strength and excellent water resistance, especially resistance against brine.