Abstract: Wear-resistant hard material layers are prepared on a metal support by applying onto said support a mixture of hard material particles, solder particles and organic binding agents and thereafter soldering the layer by heating. The mixture thus obtained can be applied by means of immersing, screen printing, brushing, spraying or spreading. The stable suspension required for the above steps is prepared by homogeneously grinding the particles together to a particle size from 1 to 20 .mu.m and adding an organic solvent to the binding agent.

Abstract: MoO.sub.2 is used as an accelerant for transformation of zirconia (ZrO.sub.2) from a tetragonal to a monoclinic crystal phase. A ZrO.sub.2 -MoO.sub.2 alloy having an increased content of monoclinic ZrO.sub.2 is prepared by mixing MoO.sub.2 with ZrO.sub.2 followed by heat treatment. In another aspect of the invention, the surface of an alumina-zirconia composite is strengthened by heating the composite in the presence of MoO.sub.2 -ZrO.sub.2 mixed powder.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition of matter comprising silicon, silicon carbide and boron carbide as a coating for protecting carbon substrates from degradation at elevated temperatures. The invention also provides a method for forming a protective coating on carbon substrates by utilizing the aforesaid composition of matter.

Abstract: Oxygen sensor for air-fuel ratio control is provided with a sensor element having an oxygen ion-conductive main body and electrodes on both sides thereof, and at least one porous protective layer covering the electrode on the exhaust gas side. The protective layer includes an oxygen storage component OSC without copresence of a noble metal catalyst. The protective layer is intermeshingly connected to the main body via spherical protrusions of the main body. Double-layered protective layer structure includes OSC noncontaining layer (optionally containing catalyst) and OSC containing layer, as inner and outer protective layer or vice versa. OSC containing layer is formed by impregnation with OSC-solution through immersing the respective porous protective layer, or by cosintering the OSC containing green coating layer. By impregnation 0.2-8 wt %, or by cosintering 0.2-30 wt %, of OSC metal element is containable. The outer protective layer is thinner and more porous than the inner protective layer.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a reaction which occurs on the surface of a substrate body. Particularly, at least one solid oxidant is contacted with at least one parent metal to result in a reaction therebetween and the formation of a reaction product on the surface of a substrate body.

Abstract: A process consisting of forming, by pyrolysis of powders on glass heated to a high temperature, a layer of aluminum oxide and of at least one zinc, indium, tin, or titanium oxide, using a mixture of powders formed from an organometallic aluminum derivative containing at least one alcoholate function and one .beta.-diketone function, and at least one organometallic tin, indium, zinc, and titanium compound, and windows incorporating this oxide-coated glass having a conductive layer and a neutral color under reflection.

Abstract: A method is taught for protecting fuel contacting surfaces of a gas turbine engine from carbon deposition by the application of a coating of tungsten disulfide.

Abstract: A method of producing a superconductor of metal oxides which includes subjecting an organic solvent solution containing (a) an alkoxide of a rare earth element, (b) an alkoxide of an alkaline earth metal and (c) copper alkoxide or cupric nitrate to hydrolysis in the presence of water and nitrate ions, thereby forming a mixture containing a gel-like substance. The gel-like substance is, after being dried and formed into a desired shape, pyrolyzed at a temperature of 600.degree.-950.degree.C. to form a superconductor of oxides of the rare earth, the alkaline earth metal and copper.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for spray coating material which employs a plasma gun that has a cathode, an anode, an arc gas inlet, a first powder injection port, and a second powder injection port. A suitable arc gas is introduced through the arc gas inlet, and ionization of the arc gas between the cathode and the anode forms a plasma. The plasma is directed to emenate from an open-ended chamber defined by the boundary of the anode. A coating is deposited upon a base metal part by suspending a binder powder within a carrier gas that is fed into the plasma through the first powder injection port; a material subject to degradation by high temperature oxygen reactions is suspended within a carrier gas that is fed into the plasma through the second injection port. The material fed through the second injection port experiences a cooler portion of the plasma and has a shorter dwell time within the plasma to minimize high temperature oxygen reactions.

Abstract: A pyrolitic deposition process, for pyrolitic deposition of organo-cupric powder to form copper oxide film, is improved. A substrate is heated, and organocupric powder is sprayed at the substrate, using oxygen gas as the carrier gas. Up to one-third greater deposition rate results, as compared to the process using compressed air as the carrier gas.

Abstract: Preparation of feed screw having a wear resistant alloy coating thereon for the injection molding or extrusion of plastic. Nickel-based alloys that have shown themselves to be compatible with inlaid barrel liners by virtue of similar wear ratios, modulus of elasticity, ultimate yield strength, and linear thermal coefficients of expansion, are sprayed at high velocity onto a heated feed screw to mechanically bond the alloy to the feed screw. The alloy is then fused to the feed screw in a controlled manner. Following the fusing process, the feed screw and alloy thereon is heated and allowed to cool in a highly controlled environment to produce a crack-free dense coating of the alloy on the screw substrate.

Abstract: The process involves coating on both sides of an endless track of a base material consisting of inorganic fibers, preferably a glass fiber fleece, with aqueous ceramic slips, and drying of the coating. The base material with a weight per unit area of 30-200 g/m.sup.2 is coated with a slip, at least 500 g/m.sup.2, preferably 1000-2000 g/m.sup.2, without the use of an additional support, preferably on one side with a paste and on the other side with a glaze slip. The slips contain 3-20% by weight organic binders that decompose uniformly and without residue between 250.degree. and 600.degree. C. The dried, unfired veneers in free suspension may be coiled and uncoiled and subjected to continual decoration and firing processes.

Abstract: A process for producing a ceramic implant which comprises creating a powder mixture comprising zirconia and .alpha.-tricalcium phosphate or zirconia and hydroxyapatite, in a weight ratio of 0.05 to 20 on the surface of a molded unsintered product of partially stabilized zirconia, followed by sintering at 1200.degree. to 1550.degree. C. The partially stabilized zirconia may have a BET specific surface area of from 5 to 10 m.sup.2 /g and have been subjected to wet pulverization to increase the BET specific surface area from 1.05 to 2.0 times relative to the starting material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for forming composite articles, particularly ceramic articles, from particles or fibers mixed in a thermally activated reactant gas stream. The particles or fibers are codeposited with material produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) onto a heated substrate until the desired thickness of composite is obtained. Removal of the substrate yields a near-net shaped codeposited composite article having a chemical vapor deposition produced matrix with particles or fibers embedded therein a generally uniform distribution. The method provides high deposition rates, and the composite articles produced may have enhanced strength, thermal shock resistance, and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a reaction which occurs on the surface of a substrate body. Particularly, at least one solid oxidant is contacted with at least one parent metal to result in a reaction therebetween and the formation of a reaction product on the surface of a substrate body.

Abstract: A process for making an electrically conductive pattern on a substrate including forming a patterned adhesive layer on the substrate, applying a conductive metal powder to the adhesive layer, and in a second coating pass, applying a powder containing supplementary elements to the pattern. The patterned substrate is fired to volatilize theadhesive layer and sinter the powders. This process can be used to make printed circuits on ceramic substrates which are useful in hybrid circuits, for example.

Abstract: Pyrophorically activated aluminides of iron, nickel and cobalt, or mixtures thereof, are formed as discs or as coatings on substrates such as thin foils. The aluminide can be formed in situ by reacting aluminum powder with the aluminide-forming metal. Mixtures of these reactants can be applied to a substrate as such or suspended in a liquid like water or volatilizable organic liquids. Water is preferably used with a little binder such as an alkali metal silicate. An inhibitor is used to keep the water from reacting with finely-divided aluminum, and those silicates also perform such function. The pyrophoric products can be discharged to decoy heat-seeking missiles, or they can have their pyrophoricity destroyed to make catalysts. Pyrophoric action can be heightened by additives such as boron, and by post treatment with mild acid.

Abstract: Powder which has primary particle size of not larger than 10 .mu.m and is formed of mixture of Ni powder and Cr powder added with hard particles containing carbide is mixed with Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2 powder and granulated and sintered, whereby flame spraying powder having secondary particle size of 5 to 53 .mu.m is formed. The flame spraying powder thus formed is flame-sprayed under conditions which will cause fused Ni.Cr to cover Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2 particles which are not fused, thereby binding the Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2 particles and causes the thickness of one Ni.Cr layer to be smaller than 5 .mu.m. In this manner, flame spray coating the porosity of which is not larger than 2% and the hardness of which is not lower than 700 (Hv: 200 g) can be obtained.

Abstract: The invention related to coating compositions containing (poly)borosiloxanes, which contain at least one other component selected from lead, boron and aluminum compounds and talc, and to a process for preparing vitreous protective coatings, which can be applied to a substrate to be protected and then heat-treated to a temperature of at least 500.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O superconductive materials in a film shape. Pursuant to the method, after placing a Ca.sub.2 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7 powder onto some suitable substrate, such as platinum or copper, the substrate and powder are rolled between two rollers until a desired thickness is achieved. The film can then be taken off the substrate. Thallium oxide is then evaporated on the precursor film to make superconductive films. The Tl.sub.2 O.sub.3 can be evaporated in a furnace or vacuum.

Abstract: A fully alloyed porous metallic coating is applied to the surface of a metallic prosthetic component by producing a slurry comprising a suspension of the alloy in particulate form in a solution of water containing a film-forming binder material, applying to one or more surfaces of the component a coating of the slurry, forming concave and re-entrant depressions by pressing heat degradable spheres into the coating to promote fixation of the component when in use, heating the slurry to dry the same, and sintering the coated component to bond the particulate alloy onto the component, the spheres burning off during the subsequent heating or sintering step.

Abstract: The surfaces of articles of manufacture fabricated from aluminum or other metals which are not permanently hydrophilic are made permanently hydrophilic by coating the surfaces with a continuous film containing particles of activated alumina. The coated articles are not only hydrophilic, but also have good corrosion resistance and exhibit low abrasiveness, resulting in decreased wear on manufacturing tools, such as dies.

Abstract: Process for the production of a polycrystalline, crystal-oriented layer of a high temperature superconductor of the class (Y,RE) Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub..apprxeq.7 on a substrate or between two substrates of Ag or an Ag alloy containing up to 20% by weight Au, Pd or Pt, wherein a first powder layer, of at most 5 .mu.m thickness and consisting of the simple oxides and/or mixed oxides of the elements Y, Ba, Cu in the ratio Y:Ba:Cu:O=1:2:3:6.5, is first applied, and on it is applied a second powder layer of the superconducting substance (Y,RE) Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub..apprxeq.7 in a thickness of 5-10 .mu.m, and the whole is sintered in an O.sub.2 -containing atmosphere.

Abstract: A component is fabricated by depositing a succession of overlying beads of a material, the pattern and position of the beads being assigned the proper characteristics of the corresponding section of the desired component. Shape definition is accomplished by characterizing the component as a series of sections or slices having the thickness of the bead, and programming a computer-controlled deposition head to deposit a succession of beads with the respective patterns and positions. Deposition is preferably by precision laser welding. Complex shapes having properties comparable to properties of forged or cast material are readily prepared. The material used in successive beads may be varied, producing a component of graded composition to achieve particular properties in various regions.

Abstract: A tightly bonded abrasion resistant surface layer is formed on, or a binding layer is formed therebetween, reactive metal or metal alloy substrates. A powdered mixture of oxides, at least one of the oxides having a heat of oxidation lower than the heat of oxidation of the oxide of the substrate, is disposed on the substrate. The substrate with the oxide powder disposed thereon is heated to a temperature lower than the melting point or solidus temperature of the substrate. The powdered mixture of oxides preferably comprises fly ash. An abrasion resistant surface layer may be bonded to a structural part by mixing the powdered mixture of oxides with powdered reactive metal or reactive metal alloy, disposing the resultant mixture on the part, and heating.

Abstract: A method for producing a dense and tenacious coating with a thermal spray gun including a nozzle member and a gas cap. The gas cap extends from the nozzle and has an inwardly facing cylindrical wall defining a combustion chamber with an open end and an opposite end bounded by the nozzle. An annular flow of a combustible mixture is injected at a pressure of at least two bar above atmospheric pressure from the nozzle coaxially into the combustion chamber. An annular outer flow of pressurized air is injected from the nozzle adjacent to the cylindrical wall. Powder particles having a heat-stable, non-fusible component and a heat-softenable component, and entrained in a carrier gas, are fed axially from the nozzle into the combustion chamber. An annular inner flow of pressurized air is injected from the nozzle into the combustion chamber coaxially between the combustible mixture and the powder-carrier gas.

Abstract: Flame retardant properties are imparted to a textile substrate by application of a powdered flame retardant in solid form, which is then fused or melted onto the textile to durably attach the flame retardant to the textile. The process is especially adapted for water-insoluble solid flame retardants, such as hexabromocyclododecane, currently applied in dispersion or emulsion form.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a field of dealing with inorganic fine particles, and provides a mass of the inorganic fine particles and method of producing the mass, and as applications of the method, an ultrathin film of inorganic fine particles and method of producing the ultrathin film, a magnetic recording medium and method of manufacturing the medium, and a method of manufacturing an inorganic pattern and method of manufacturing a inorganic wiring. Furthermore, the present invention provides the magnetic recording medium by convering the inorganic fine particles with a monomolecular film of a silane type surface active agent through chemical adsorption and permitting the inorganic fine particles and the monomolecular film to have functions.

Abstract: A filament for an indirectly heated cathode is coated with a tungsten-aluminium oxide suspension, the tungsten particles being stabilized by a chemisorbed monomolecular layer of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid such as stearic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a protective layer on a ceramic or a ceramic composite body. Stated more particularly, by subjecting a ceramic or a ceramic composite body being interconnected residual metal therein to a particular atmosphere, a protective layer can be formed from the interconnected metal. Such a layer can be protective, especially in corrosion environments which include various gaseous or solid species containing sodium and silicon, such as those found in glass tanks.

Abstract: A soluble, processible ceramic precursor, comprising A1N and BN in fixed proportion, which on pyrolysis is transformed into pure carbon free A1NBN ceramic, of the formula:R.sub.3 N.X.sub.2 A1n(SiR'.sub.3)B(NH.sub.2)NHSiR'.sub.3wherein R and R' are independently lower alkyl groups or isomers thereof having from one to about five carbon atoms.Also disclosed are methods for making the precursor, and methods for thermally decomposing the precursor to form coatings, thin films, and shaped articles of substantially pure A1NBN ceramic.

Abstract: The disclosed invention describes a method for cladding surfaces of an earth boring apparatus, or the like, with a hardfacing material having an entrained, or encapsulated, heavy metal refractory carbide. The method includes heating the surface to the incipient melting temperature and applying a molten super-alloy matrix material that has a melting temperature below the melting temperature of the carbide. The super-alloy, in a powder form, is pre-mixed with the carbide material, also in a powder form, such that, when the molten surface and the molten super-alloy cool, they form a metallurgical bond, at the surface, with the carbide material mechanically retained within the solidified matrix material.

Abstract: A superconductive substance is formed into fine wires readily without producing surface defects on the wires and correctly with a predetermined even diametric thickness. Highly refractory metallic core is heated to a predetermined temperature higher than the eutectic point of powders which constitute the superconductive substance, and passed through said powders whereby the powders which make contact with the core melt and adhere to the core with a predetermined uniform thickness, forming a fine wire made from the superconductive substance.

Abstract: A method of improving the quality of the surface of solid particles is disclosed. The method includes fixing material different from the solid particles to the surface of the solid particles by the use of an impact striking device. The material fixed to the solid particles can be other solid particles or particles contained in a liquid, which forms a film.

Abstract: A method for preparing substrates for VLS fiber producing reactions and a method for preparing SiC fibers by the VLS process. The first method includes the steps of forming an alcohol sol containing a fiber growth promoter material precursor, applying the sol to at least one surface of the substrate and drying the sol. More particularly, the steps can include forming a sol of colloidal hydrous metal oxide particles in a liquid, the metal oxide being a fiber growth promoter material precursor and the liquid being capable of dissolving a salt of the metal and of wetting the substrate surface as a sol, applying the sol to at least one surface of the substrate and drying the sol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat insulating separation wall between the combustion chamber of a solid fuel rocket and a chamber containing an electronic control installation of said rocket.

Abstract: A method for the production of a protective layer on a structural part against thermal, chemical and/or mechanical stresses, particularly structural parts of complex shape such as turbine blades in which powder of a starting material for the layer is suspended in a suspension liquid and the suspension is held at a temperature just above the freezing point of the suspension. The structural part to be coated is maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the dispersing liquid and is dipped into the suspension so that a layer of the powder present in the suspension freezes firmly on the part. The thickness of the layer is dependent on the temperature of the structural part and the length of time during which the structural part remains immersed on the suspension. The structural part now coated with the powder layer is subjected to freeze drying and is thereafter heated to a temperature above the freezing point of the suspension.

Abstract: A process for applying and bonding a solid lubricant on a substrate whose surface has depressions and pores. The process comprises depositing fine solid lubricant particles on the surface of a substrate to be lubricated in excess of a quantity sufficient to fill essentially all depressions and pores on the substrate surface, and thereafter burnishing the substrate to distribute and bond the lubricant particles on the substrate. Such burnishing of the substrate can be accomplished during its moving contact with another substrate during intended use. Maintenance of lubricity can be accomplished by depositing additional lubricant particles on the substrate and thereafter burnishing, and can be performed while the substrate is in moving contact with another substrate whereby this moving contact performs the burnishing operation.

Abstract: A shaped body of a refractory or other functional inorganic compound of a metal, e.g., borides, carbides, silicides, etc. of titanium, zirconium, niobium and the like in a plate-like form can be prepared by an in situ reactive sintering method in which a metal-made flat reaction capsule is filled with a mixture of the reactant powders to form a powder compact which is ignited at a periphery while the capsule is under hydraulic compression so that the exothermic reaction is efficiently and almost instantaneously propagated within the plane of the plate-like powder compact. The liquid compression medium communicates to an accumulator filled with a compressed gas so that the otherwise unavoidable sudden pressure decrease due to the shrinkage of the powder compact can be compensated by the expansion of the compressed gas to keep constancy of the pressure.

Abstract: A process for forming a filter and the product filter are disclosed. The filter uses a porous metal substrate, preferably in the form of a tube, preferably formed of stainless steel particles having a diameter of from 30 to 100 micrometers and a pore size of from 1 to 10 micrometers. A slurry of metal oxide particles of from 0.2 to 1.0 micrometer diameter is applied to the porous metal substrate which is dried and then the particles are sintered together by heating. The preferred metal oxides is TiO.sub.2.

Abstract: A filter medium suitable for hot liquid and gaseous materials, more particularly molten metals, for example aluminium and its alloys, is characterized by the use of sintered ultrafine bauxite granules. Filter media according to the invention exhibit superior thermal shock resistance, may be used repeatedly and are much cheaper than filter media of the prior art.

Abstract: A method of embedding an oxidation resistant abrasive material in the tip of a turbine blade is taught. The oxidation resistant abrasive may be aluminum oxide. Its low density is increased by coating fine particles with platinum metal to achieve a density greater than that of the metal of the blade tip. The blade tip is then melted locally to provide a pool of melt into which the high density aluminum oxide can be inserted. Freezing the melt embeds the aluminum oxide in the blade tip.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the plasma deposition of protective coatings and near net shape bodies using induction plasma technology. The apparatus comprises an induction plasma torch in which the particulate material to be deposited is accelerated and injected axially into the discharge. As the particles traverse the plasma they are heated and melted before being deposited by impaction on the substrate placed at the downstream end of the plasma torch facing the plasma jet.

Abstract: The present invention employs a mechanical mixture of titanium dioxide and calcium oxide which is sintered and ground to produce a ceramic powder for application to a target of an X-ray tube. The powder is fused by baking the target at a predetermined baking temperature to produce a coating having an enhanced coefficient of emissivity. The required baking temperature is controllable by varying the proportion of titanium dioxide to calcium oxide. Baking time may be extended without degrading the coating by mechanically mixing zirconium dioxide to the sintered and ground ceramic powder prior to application to the X-ray target in order to enhance outgassing from the target substrate. The resulting coating on the target improves the emissivity thereof and exhibits and improved bond strength over coatings of the prior art.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the bondability of ceramic orthodontic brackets or other dental attachments for improving the bonding strength between such attachments and the tooth engaging surface utilizing an intermediate bonding agent such as an acrylic resin. The method of the present invention results in the application of a silicious glass-like material coating of the bonding surface of the dental appliance. The silicious glass-like material provides three functions: (1) the proper surface chemistry for the use of organofunctional silanes that act as adhesion promoters or primers to enhance the bond between the adhesive and the orthodontic bracket; (2) a medium whereby second phase particulates can be adhered to the bracket to form irregular surface projections to enhance bonding; and (3) a surface that can be etched to yield macro and micro pitting to enhance the bond between the appliance and the intermediate bonding agent.

Abstract: Methods are described for making a mirror useful in reflecting high energy laser radiation. The mirrors are comprised of an intermediate coating layer applied to the mirror substrate and a reflective coating layer applied to the intermediate layer. Plasma spray techniques are used to apply a readily polishable intermediate coating layer at high deposition rates.

Abstract: Defects in green, unsintered ceramic casting cores which contain a thermoplastic binder are repaired according to this invention. In a preferred embodiment, a mixture of a volatilizable solvent and ceramic particles are applied to the defect. The solvent softens the binder in the core, and the loose ceramic particles patch the defect area. After the solvent volatilizes, the binder hardens and binds the newly applied particles to the core. Then, the repaired core is heated to a first temperature to volatilize the binder, and then to a second, higher temperature to sinter the ceramic particles to each other.

Abstract: To coat metallic or ceramic surfaces with hard substances by means of brazing, a powder mixture of 60 to 90% silver, 2 to 35% copper, 2 to 30% tin and/or indium and 2 to 20% titanium, zirconium, hafnium, chromium, vanadium, tantalum, niobium, titanium hydride, zirconium hydride and/or hafnium hydride together with an organic binder and then the hard-substance powder are deposited on the surface and heated to 900.degree. to 1200.degree. C. The particle sizes of the metallic powders must be less than the particle size of the hard-substance powder.

Abstract: A glassy material and painting method comprising exposing a plain surface of a metal material to be painted, applying a vaporizable rust preventive on the surface, and then spraying a powdered glassy material onto the surface thus obtained to form a glassy surface coat.

Abstract: A process for producing an improved ceramic fiber molding by submersing the molding into a suspension containing colloidal silica and/or colloidal alumina and chromium oxide powder. The chromium oxide is deposited onto the ceramic fibers thereby increasing the molding's resistance to linear shrinkage and corrosion when subjected to high temperatures.