Abstract: A method for the application of highly absorbent material onto a moving substrate includes the steps of dispensing a melt adhesive film onto precisely defined areas of the substrate, covering such areas with the absorbent material and then removing excess absorbent material which did not adhere to the adhesive coated areas. The apparatus for practicing this method includes, in one embodiment, an adhesive applicator head operable to dispense the adhesive at timed intervals onto the moving substrate, a measuring head located downstream from the applicator head and timed to release the absorbent material over the adhesive covered areas moving past and a vacuum or mechanical cleaning device for removing excess absorbent material from the substrate. In an alternative embodiment, the measuring head is replaced with a receptacle containing absorbent material within which the substrate is immersed for coating the adhesive covered areas.

Abstract: An improved process for curing solvent free inks using resin powder makes use of a caulstock laminate which is applied against a printed surface bearing ink and resin powder. The printed material and the caulstock are heated, pressed together and then cooled.

Abstract: A method of filming the surface of a plywood used for formwork, the method comprising dispersing a first dose of an adhesive polyolefine resin powder on the surface of the plywood, heating the dispersed resin powder on the plywood, thereby enabling the resin powder to spread thereon in a molten state, dispersing a second dose of non-adhesive polyolefine resin powder, heating the second dose of resin powder on the film produced by the first dose of resin powder, flattening the resin layers on the plywood by passing same through press rollers, and finally cooling the flattened resin layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin layer detector for integrating solid state dosimeters, in particular for thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD's), from thermoluminescent powder material, comprising the simultaneous application of high pressure and elevated temperature to the powder layer at selected values (working point) sufficient to cause physico-chemical bonding of the layer with a suitably prepared substrate by plastic flow of the powder grains.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing nuclear radiation shields consisting of neutron-absorbing boron carbide particles embedded in a heat-dissipating copper matrix. Copper is electroplated through a layer of loose, electrically nonconductive boron carbide particles on a metal substrate. The carbide particles may be deposited on the substrate while electroplating, and heat exchanger ductwork may be incorporated. To make cylindrical shields, a cylindrical metal substrate is rotated about its axis giving rise to centrifugal forces which hold the carbide particles on the inner surface and aid electrodeposition. A thermo-mechanical process is described in which boron carbide particles pre-encapsulated with copper are consolidated into a unitary mass on the inner surface of a heated cylindrical substrate with or without the aid of a roller within the cylinder.

Abstract: A fixing device for use in an image formation apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying apparatus or recording apparatus, and more particularly a fixing device in which a sheet such as paper having a toner image on the surface thereof is passed between a pair of rotatable members pressed against each other to thereby fix the toner image on the sheet. In the substance forming the surface of at least one of the pair of rotatable members, particles having a hardness higher than that of said substance are dispersed to enhance the fixativeness.

Abstract: A fuser member has a composite layer including (1) a first layer of a first material which is an elastomer; (2) a second layer of a second material which is preferably a fluoroelastomer which is impervious to fuser oil absorbed by said first material; and (3) a layer intermediate to and continuous with the first and second layers in which the proportion of the first material to the second material gradually varies from substantially only the first material to substantially only the second material.Methods of making the fuser member by a spray technique and of using the fuser member to fuse toner images to a receiver are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for forming an anticorrosive coating on the surface of a metal substrate, which comprises, in one embodiment, (1) coating the surface of the metal substrate with an anticorrosive metal capable of forming an alloy with the substrate metal and/or a hydride of the anticorrosive metal; (2) heating the coated surface, and then; (3) heating the coated surface in a vacuum or in an atmosphere substantially inert to the metal coating and the metal substrate by irradiating the coated surface with electron beams, laser beams or a plasma arc to sinter the coated metal and form an alloy layer in the interface between the metal substrate and the metal coating and, in another embodiment, subsequent to Step (2) and prior Step (3) above, coating the coated surface with a solution of a thermally decomposable platinum-group metal compound and then heating the resulting coated surface at about 40.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for manufacturing a water-absorbent article in which particles of a water-swellable polymer are fixed to a water-absorbent substrate. The process includes the steps of forming on the surface of the water-swellable particles a coating of a thermoplastic adhesive resin; locating the coated particles in their unswollen and dry state on or within the water-absorbent substrate also in the dry state; and applying heat to soften the thermoplastic coating of the particles and pressing the particles and substrate to cause the particles to be bound to the substrate.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a bearing material containing an aluminum base alloy, one surface of a steel strip is washed and roughened; the aluminum base alloy is spread on the surface of the steel strip; and the aluminum base alloy and the steel strip are hot-rolled in the air to pressure-bond the former to the latter into a unitary structure. Prior to spreading the aluminum base alloy, an aluminum powder which well adheres to the steel strip may also be spread on the surface of the steel strip.

Abstract: A fuser member has a composite layer including (1) a first layer of a first material which is an elastomer; (2) a second layer of a second material comprising elastomeric fluoropolymer which is a crosslinked polymer having repeating units of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl perfluorovinylether; and (3) a layer intermediate to and continuous with the first and second layers in which the proportion of the first material to the second material gradually varies from substantially only the first material to substantially only the second material.Methods of making the fuser member by a spray technique and of using the fuser member to fuse toner images to a receiver are also disclosed.

Abstract: The loss of zinc by vaporization when heating a zinc-aluminum coating to a temperature between about 427.degree. C. and 816.degree. C. (800.degree. F. and 1500.degree. F.) is significantly reduced by applying a zinc-aluminum coating containing about 30 to 75 weight percent zinc and the balance essentially aluminum to a mild carbon steel base which contains titanium in an amount sufficient to combine with all of the carbon in the steel and provide a small excess of uncombined titanium in the steel base, thereby providing a zinc-aluminum coated steel article which has improved corrosion and oxidation resistance when heated at temperatures between about 427.degree. C. and 816.degree. C. (800.degree. F. and 1500.degree. F.).

Abstract: A method of cladding a wire with a powdered metal includes feeding the wire in its axial direction, applying powdered metal around its surface, compacting the applied powdered layer on the surface and subsequently continuously rolling-over the applied layer on a helical path to provide a helical zone of metallurgically bonded powdered material. The device of this invention has a storage container for powdered material, a rotary shaft defining at its center a forwardly tapering passage with an internal thread acting as a worm conveyor, the shaft being terminated with an exchangeable outlet nozzle, the nozzle supporting a set of cladding rollers, the axes of rotation of which are inclined at an acute angle to the axis of the passage. The driving arrangement for the rollers is preferably driven by a separate motor.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a photosensitive plate for printing which comprises providing a heat-depositable fine powder having a constant directional size of 0.5-40.mu. onto the surface of a photosensitive plate for printing at a ratio of 0.005-0.5 g. of the said powder per m.sup.2 of the said plate to uniformly disperse and adhere the said powder onto the said surface, while preheating the right side (side on which powder adheres) and/or the reverse side of the said plate upon providing said powder or before or after providing, and subsequently contacting the right side of the said plate with a heating roll having a high releasing surface, whereby the said fine powder is fused and fixed on onto the surface of the said plate.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the production of a photosensitive plate for printing which comprises providing a given amount of a fine powder having a constant directional size of 0.5-40 .mu. from a dust supplier directly or via a distributor to a cyclone, feeding the said powder together with a small volume of air from the bottom of said cyclone, uniformly dispersing and adhering the so flowed fine powder onto the surface of a continuously running photosensitive plate for printing.

Abstract: Surfaces of thermally conductive substrates are covered with thermoplastic polymers, particularly certain fluorocarbon polymers by bonding said polymeric materials directly to surfaces of said substrates. Adhesives, etchants, or the like are not used as bonding elements. The process involves treating the surfaces to make them wettable by water and then cleaning the surfaces, if necessary, followed by heating the substrate to a temperature at which the polymer melts, gels or softens (herein called the softening point), then placing the polymeric material into contact with the prepared surfaces and applying pressure on the polymeric material to force it into fusing and bonding contact with the heated surface and then cooling the substrate to a temperature below the softening point of the polymer. The products produced are preferably rolls. In their covered form as produced by this invention they are useful as processing rolls in office copier's fusing systems, rolls used in food cooking processes, and the like.

Abstract: A novel apparatus and method for pressure fixing imaging powder to a receptor (such as paper) to produce photocopies having reduced gloss is provided. The apparatus comprises non-compliant pressure members (e.g., pressure rollers) one of which has a surface of defined texture or roughness. An offset prevention material is applied to the textured pressure member such that offset of imaging powder from a receptor passing between the pressure members to the textured pressure member is essentially prevented.

Abstract: A method of fixing toner images carried on a long footage of continuous web such as rolled paper or folded paper, uniformly but intermittently from end to end of the web. During fixation, the image bearing surface of the web is urged against a fixing member such as heated roller or the like and the fixing member is rotated to move the web, and during the intermission of fixation, the web is disengaged from the fixing member. Preferably, when the web is urged against the fixing member and/or when the web is disengaged from the fixing member, rotation of the fixing member is stopped and the web is maintained in pressure contact with the fixing member as it is stopped from rotating.

Abstract: A method of depositing and affixing a layer of a copolymer of perfluoroalkyl perfluorovinyl ether and tetrafluoroethylene upon a metal surface and the article prepared thereby, is disclosed. A flame sprayed metal surface having an optional fluoropolymer primer thereon is powder coated with the copolymer of perfluoroalkyl perfluorovinyl ether and tetrafluoroethylene and the powder is fused thereon. An improved long life fuser member for use in a fusing apparatus for fixing toner images to copy sheets by the application of heat and pressure is described.

Abstract: Rubber is applied to a cylindrical workpiece by a feed surface arranged to form a nip with the workpiece into which the rubber is caused to be drawn by movement of the feed surface along the workpiece. The resulting compression of the rubber in the nip renders the rubber plastic so that the rubber flows onto the workpiece to form a layer of thickness determined by the spacing of the feed surface from the workpiece on the workpiece surface. The layer of rubber is then smoothed either by roller or smoothing plate and is then vulcanized.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for manufacturing base plates suitable for being pressed into records. The method is characterized in that a core layer is formed by compressing fibrous material followed by a coating of a synthetic material.

Abstract: A nonwoven fabric having a smooth surface, especially for use as support material for semipermeable membranes, comprising a support mat into which at least one surface thereof, an open-structured, continuous covering layer of fine, thermoplastic particles is calendered.

Abstract: The invention comprises spectrally selective surfaces having a good performance at relatively low cost, and designed to be used mainly, but not exclusively, in solar thermal energy collectors. Suitable substances in powder form are attached by simple and effective means to a suitable surface. This is accomplished by the use of new classes of binders, or alternatively, by novel, purely mechanical means, without the use of a binder. The binders described herein feature a high transparency for the infrared radiation emitted by the hot underlying surface, coupled with good adhesive properties towards both the powder and the surface to be coated. The method of effecting the adhesion of a powder layer to the underlying surface without the use of a binder consists of bringing the powder layer into intimate contact with the surface, for example by pressing or rolling the powder layer onto or into the surface, especially with simultaneous mechanical deformation of the object whose surface is being coated.

Abstract: A contact fuser assembly and method for preventing toner offset on a heated fuser member in an electrostatic reproducing apparatus includes a base member coated with a solid, abrasion resistant material such as polyimide, poly (amide-imides), poly (imide-esters), polysulfone and aromatic polyamides. The fuser member is coated with a thin layer of polysiloxane fluid containing low molecular weight fluorocarbon. Toner offset on the heated fuser member is prevented by applying the polysiloxane fluid containing fluorocarbon to the solid, abrasion resistant surface of the fuser member.

Abstract: A process for fixing a toner image formed on a support by means of a heat roller according to the present invention comprises fixing the toner image developed by using a toner containing as the binder resin a styrene-butadiene copolymer containing 70 to 95 mole % of styrene.

Abstract: Fuser members having surfaces of gold and the platinum groups metals and alloys thereof are described for fuser assemblies in office copier machines. Preferred fuser assemblies include cylindrical rolls having at least an outer surface of gold, a platinum group metal or alloys thereof. Electroscopic thermoplastic resin toner images are fused to a substrate by using a bare gold, a platinum group metal or alloys thereof fuser member coated with polymeric release agents having reactive functional groups for example, a mercapto-functional polysiloxane release fluid.

Abstract: A self-locking threaded fastener of the type having a resilient thermoplastic resin patch bonded to the thread surface and a method and apparatus for making such fasteners are disclosed. The fastener is heated to a temperature in excess of the plastic melting temperature by induction heating coils and powder is thereupon deposited on the surface of the threads over a predetermined area by gravity feed. Rolling pressure is then applied to the plastic material to form the patch, packing the material between the thread flanks and confining the height of the patch to a controlled radial height above the thread crests. The controlled radial height of the patch is within the normal envelope of the basic major diameter of the fastener thread.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for forming hollow and cylindrical ingots of amorphous or fused silica and other ingot materials. The ingot is formed from a melt on a deposition surface which is lowered as the ingot is formed at a rate which maintains a constant distance between the deposition surface and a heat source vertically positioned above same. The melt is shaped into a vertical cylinder by at least one forming tool which is a roller member rotatable about a vertical axis. In a preferred embodiment the fixed distance from the heat source is maintained with the aid of the laser beam.

Abstract: A silicone rubber surface for fixing resinous powder images to a substrate at elevated temperatures in a xerographic reproducing apparatus is disclosed. The silicone rubber surface prevents offset of the image by supplying inherently a release material to the surface. Dispersed in the silicone rubber is an agent capable of supplying water over a period of time at elevated temperatures, and the release material is a degradation product of the silicone rubber provided by the hydrolysis of the silicone rubber.

Abstract: Polyarylsiloxanes are used on fusing devices in photocopiers to fix particulate thermoplastic toner to a substrate while the toner is in a fused state. The polyarylsiloxanes can be continuously applied in minimal thicknesses on the fusing device to form a thermally stable, renewable, self-cleaning layer having excellent toner release properties. A preferred polyarylsiloxane is polyphenylmethyl dimethyl siloxane.

Abstract: A contact fuser assembly for use in an electrostatic reproducing apparatus including an internally heated fuser roll structure comprising a rigid, thermally conductive core which is coated during operation of the assembly with a thin layer of a normally solid thermally stable material with subsequent application of a liquid release agent to the coated core. In the preferred embodiment of the invention the coating material comprises a fluorocarbon telomer such as Vydax 1000 and the liquid release agent comprises a liquid silicone oil.

Abstract: Polyorgano siloxanes having functional mercapto groups are applied to a heated fuser member in an electrostatic reproducing apparatus to form thereon a thermally stable, renewable, self-cleaning layer having superior toner release properties for electroscopic thermoplastic resin toners. The polyorgano siloxane fluids having functional mercapto groups interact with the fuser member in such a manner as to form an interfacial barrier at the surface of the fuser member while leaving an unreacted, low surface energy release fluid as an outer layer or film. The interfacial barrier is strongly attached to the fuser member surface and prevents toner material from contacting the outer surface of the fuser member. The material on the surface of the fuser member is of minimal thickness and thereby represents a minimal thermal barrier.

Abstract: Liquid is applied onto the circumference of a transfer roller by an applicator and thereby onto the circumference of an operating roller. The coefficients of friction in the apparatus are selected so that the transfer roller will be rotated by the operating roller to pick up liquid from the applicator when the thickness of the liquid on the transfer roller is below a selected value, and the transfer roller is prevented from rotating by the applicator when the thickness of the liquid slightly exceeds the selected value so that a uniform liquid film is applied onto the circumference of the operating roller.

Abstract: A contact fuser assembly for use in an electrostatic reproducing apparatus including an internally heated fuser roll structure comprising a rigid or non-deformable, thermally conductive core to which is supplied a low molecular weight polyethylene release material which forms a toner impenetrable layer thereon. Additionally, in order to facilitate stripping of copy sheets from the fuser roll structure, a second release material, for example, talcum powder which is chemically inert and a solid at the operating temperature of the fuser roll structure is applied either to the toner images contained on the copy paper or to the fuser roll structure to thereby provide a layer of the second release material between the fuser roll structure and the toner.

Abstract: A silicone rubber surface for fixing resinous powder images to a substrate at elevated temperatures in a xerographic reproducing apparatus is disclosed. The silicone rubber surface prevents offset of the image by supplying inherently a release material to the surface. Dispersed in the silicone rubber is a catalytic agent which in the presence of water or moisture, promotes the degradation of the silicone rubber over a period of time at elevated temperatures. The release material is the degradation product of the silicone rubber, and release is possible throughout the lifetime of the fuser surface without the external application of release materials.

Abstract: A silicone rubber surface for fixing resinous powder images to a substrate at elevated temperatures in a xerographic reproducing apparatus is disclosed. The silicone rubber surface prevents offset of the image by supplying inherently a release material to the surface. Dispersed in the silicone rubber is an agent capable of supplying water over a period of time at elevated temperatures, and the release material is a degradation product of the silicone rubber provided by the hydrolysis of the silicone rubber.

Abstract: A device and method are disclosed for supplying water or moisture to the surfaces of fuser members comprising water-degradable silicone rubbers. The water or moisture produces a degradation product of the silicone rubber which is a release material for electroscopic resin toners used in xerographic copiers.

Abstract: A method for producing an embossed, two-color appearance on the surface of a fibrous board substrate. The surface of a fibrous board substrate having a uniform thickness is first coated with a prime coating having a first color. A thermosetting resin base powder having a color different from that of the prime coating color is applied over the prime coating. The coated and powdered surface of the substrate is then embossed with a heated embossing device having high and low areas which produce low and high areas respectively on the surface of the substrate. The heat from the embossing roll causes the powder to melt, set, and become concentrated on the high areas of the surface of the substrate leaving only the prime coating remaining in the low areas of the substrate. The embossing device is then removed from the surface of the substrate which now has a two-color appearance, the high areas having the color of the powder and the low areas having the color of the prime coating.

Abstract: Surfaces of roads, bridges, floors, etc., are easily paved by using a mixture of at least one of granular, powdery and flaky asphalt material and a suitable paving aggregate and applying heat and press thereto at the working site.

Abstract: A method for coating only the element of an electronic device such as resor, diode or the like having an attached lead or leads with a powder coating. In this method, the electronic device travels on conveying apparatus from one end to the other end thereof, the lead holding the electronic device stably thereon. The electronic device is preliminarily heated during said travel by a preheating furnace thereby partially melting the powder coating which is applied to said device in the following part of the travel, the partially stuck powder coating on said electronic device being cured by passing the device through a secondary heating furnace thereby making it possible to complete the coating of the powder coating on the electronic device.