Abstract: The invention provides a method of preventing contamination of a dryer of a paper machine so that predetermined effects of contamination prevention over the long term can always be ensured while maintaining satisfactory drying efficiency. With the method of preventing contamination of the surface of the drum dryer used in a paper machine, a predetermined amount of a surface treatment agent P is continuously supplied to the surface of the drum dryer C1 in rotation, facing a paper strip W, while the paper strip is being fed by the paper machine in operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas discharge laser having at least one long-life elongated electrode for producing at least 12 billion high voltage electric discharges in a fluorine containing laser gas. In a preferred embodiment at least one of the electrodes is comprised of a first material having a relatively low anode erosion rate and a second anode material having a relatively higher anode erosion rate. The first anode material is positioned at a desired anode discharge region of the electrode. The second anode material is located adjacent to the first anode material along at least two long sides of the first material. During operation of the laser erosion occurs on both materials but the higher erosion rate of the second material assures that any tendency of the discharge to spread onto the second material will quickly erode away the second material enough to stop the spread of the discharge.

Abstract: A method of producing a material library of surface areas having different properties is described, in which mixtures of substances are applied to a substrate by a combinatory method so that a combinatory system is obtained. At least two suspensions are used to produce the mixtures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for implanting a piece of wood or wood composite to improve the electrostatic attraction thereupon. A method is provided for treating a lignocellulosic substrate such as medium density fiberboard (MDF). The method includes implanting a conductive material into the lignocellulosic substrate, pre-heating the implanted lignocellulosic substrate, coating the pre-heated implanted lignocellulosic substrate with a powder solution, and curing the powder coated substrate.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for preparation of a no-jam vending machine card wherein the card is treated with a suitably adhering powder to have a residual powder layer on the card to reduce generation of an electrical static charge upon each card as the card is dispensed by the vending machine. The process comprises applying a suitable dusting powder and testing the dusted card for the necessary residual powder layer. The apparatus comprises a powder dusting device and a card powder layer testing device.

Abstract: Method of repairing defective areas in a stoving lacquer coating, in which the defective area ready for repair lacquering is coated with a powder coating composition or with an aqueous powder coating slurry, and the applied powder coating is then melted and cured by irradiation with near infrared radiation (NIR).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a belt and a belt for use in the production of bulk tissue and towel, and of nonwoven articles and fabrics, requires the application of a sacrificial material onto a base substrate in a predetermined pattern which is to be imparted onto products manufactured with the belt. The sacrificial material is deposited in droplets in a controlled manner so as to control the x, y, z dimension of the material deposited and preferably has having an average diameter of 10? (10 microns) or more. A polymeric resin material is then deposited on the base substrate in all areas except those on which the sacrificial material has previously been applied. The polymeric resin material is then set by means appropriate to its composition, and the sacrificial material removed. Optionally, the polymeric resin material may then be abraded to provide the belt with a uniform thickness, and a smooth, macroscopically monoplanar surface.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for making a roll cover and a roll cover, wherein at least one material is applied to the surface of the roll or a base substrate. In a first embodiment, a single material is applied as a flowable phase. A uniform coating of the material is applied to the roll, and upon setting of the material, such as by cooling, curing, or other means, a smooth and permanent roll cover is formed upon the surface of the roll. In another embodiment, at least two materials are applied in flowable phases to the surface of the roll. The first material may be a sacrificial, removable first material, applied to the surface of the roll cover in a preselected pattern. After the sacrificial material has been applied, a second material, such as a functional resin, is applied to the surface of the roll cover with the sacrificial material removed after the second material has set. In another embodiment, the use of sacrificial material is avoided and the material is applied in a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a belt and a belt for use in the production of bulk tissue and towel, and of nonwoven articles and fabrics, a polymeric resin material is applied onto the surface of a base substrate in a precise predetermined pattern which is to be imparted onto products manufactured with the belt. The polymeric resin material is deposited in droplets having an average diameter of 10? (10 microns) or more. The polymeric resin material is then set by means appropriate to its composition, and, optionally, may be abraded to provide the belt with a uniform thickness, and a smooth, macroscopically monoplanar surface.

Abstract: A method of operating a powder paint applicator provides a pump in fluid communication with an outlet of a powder paint color changer having a plurality of inlets in respective fluid communication with a plurality of powder paint sources. A flow of conveying fluid through the pump provides a suction force through the color changer for drawing a particular powder paint from one of the plurality of sources through the color changer and into the pump for further conveyance to a powder paint applicator by the conveying fluid.

Abstract: A method for color matching using a combination of two or more powder coatings having different colors from each other to give a target color, wherein lightness, blending weight ratio and volume-average particle size of the powder coatings to be combined satisfy the following formula (I): ? i = 1 N ? ? ? L 0 - L i ? × W i × D i ? 1 ? ? 9 ? ? 0 ( I ) and a method for preparing a coating film comprising applying powder coatings combined by the above method to a substrate. According to this method, since a coating film having homogeneous color with low mottling is obtained from two or more powder coatings having different colors from each other, the method can be used as a simplified process for color matching using the powder coatings requiring only a few primary color powder coatings to be furnished.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for the application of a fluoropolymer coating to the threads of an internally threaded fastener. The fastener has a body and a threaded bore extending to opposing ends of the body to define opposing first and second openings in the fastener. The fastener is moved on a conveyor along a path of travel with its threaded bore in a predetermined orientation. As the fastener moves along its path of travel, the first opening is closed by means of an obstructing member, while an air stream carrying entrained fluoropolymer powder is directed from a nozzle through the second opening and into the threaded bore. The nozzle is stationary and is located at an axially displaced position relative to the second opening of the fastener and immediately adjacent the conveyor. Preferably, the nozzle includes a diffuser which directs the air stream and entrained fluoropolymer powder into the fastener bore in a diverging pattern.

Abstract: A metal-composite hose having a wall including an innermost metal layer and a resin layer surrounding it, in which the metal layer has at each end portion of the hose an inner surface covered with a resin layer, an elastic rubber layer, or both. A process for manufacturing a metal-composite hose includes: forming a metal layer; covering the metal layer with an elastic rubber layer, if required; and after masking a specific portion of the metal layer, forming a thermoplastic resin layer thereon by powder or spray coating. The hose is preferably a corrugated one. It has high fluid impermeability, flexibility and strength, as well as high metal-rust resistance and sealing property at both ends.

Abstract: An edge coated gasket includes a base sheet made of compressible gasket material and having opposed faces and an interior edge surrounding and defining an aperture. An edge coating of polymer or other material is disposed on and seals the interior edge of the base sheet and may project beyond the facial planes of the base sheet to define protruding rims extending around the aperture. Face coatings may also be applied to one or more of the faces extending in relatively narrow strips around the aperture of the base sheet. When clamped between flange surfaces, the edge coating engages, conforms to, and seals against the flange surfaces to provide a seal against both interfacial and intersticial migration of fluid past the gasket. At the same time, the inherently good compression failure resistance of the compressible gasket material of the base sheet is preserved. Thus, a gasket with enhanced sealability and compression failure resistance is provided.

Abstract: A method for powder coating articles includes the steps of preheating the article to a preheating temperature, coating the article with a polymeric powder coating having a cross-linking temperature that is above the preheating temperature and curing the article having the powder coating applied thereto at a curing temperature. The curing temperature is between the powder coating cross-linking temperature and the melting point temperature of the articles. A system for carrying out the coating method is disclosed as is an article made by the method.

Abstract: The present invention provides ultraviolet (UV) curable powders for powder coatings comprising one or more than one free radical curable epoxy resin and one or more than one second free radical curable resin, or, alternatively, one or more than one free radical curable unsaturated polyester resin in combination with one or more than one wax, and one or more than one free radical photoinitiator, wherein the coating powder has an average particle size of 5 to 25 microns. Further, the present invention provides a method for making a powder for thin (1.0 to 4.0 mil), smooth coatings having an average particle size of from 5 to 25 microns, the method preferably comprising jet milling dry powder or spray drying an aqueous emulsion, fluid mixture, or a supercritical suspension of a powder or of the composition for making the powder.

Abstract: The invention relates to the technology of applying a coating of powder materials by spraying and can be used for producing a coating of metals; their mechanical mixtures and dielectrics, adding various functional properties to treated surfaces. The proposed method of applying a powder coating comprised as follows: producing a gas-carrier flow, mixing powder with it, accelerating the gas-powder flow in the nozzle, generating its preset profile, further simultaneously generating the second gas-carrier flow, heating it, generating its preset profile and accelerating it in the nozzle, after that superimposing the accelerated gas-powder flow of the preset profile over the gas-carrier flow of the preset profile, and directing the cumulative jet to an article.

Abstract: The presence of expandable microspheres in an aqueous coating composition comprised of at least one dispersed polymer and at least one inorganic filler helps to improve the appearance and/or sound damping properties of the coating obtained by heating the aqueous coating composition after it has been applied to a substrate surface.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of preventing contamination of a dryer of a paper machine so that a predetermined anti-fouling effect can always be ensured over a long term while maintaining satisfactory drying efficiency. With the method of preventing contamination of the surface of a drum dryer used in a paper machine, according to the invention, a predetermined amount of a surface forming agent P is continuously supplied to the surface of the drum dryer D1 in rotation, facing a paper strip W, while the paper strip W is being fed by the paper machine in operation.

Abstract: A powder coating composition contains solid particulates of a mixture of a solid material having at least two epoxide groups, each beta to a urethane or urea group, and a solid crosslinker reactive with epoxide groups.

Abstract: The use of pulverulent thermosetting coating compositions based on physical mixtures of individual isocyanato isocyanurates formed from aliphatic and (cyclo)aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates and from polyesters containing hydroxyl groups and terephthalic acid for coil powder coating materials, to a process for producing such coatings, and to the metal coils coated with such coating materials.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for printing on a thermoplastic material, wherein a coloring agent is applied to the surface of the material and is subsequently caused to harden. In order to achieve permanent coloration of the material to be printed, the method according to this invention provides that as coloring agent, a toner featuring thermoplastic toner particles is applied by electrographic or electrostatic means to the surface of the material, and that the toner and/or at least a portion of the surface of the material is brought into a reactive state in that the toner makes a permanent bond with the surface.

Abstract: A method of reducing the formation of surface defects in a coated substrate includes providing coating powders at both the appearance surfaces and the non-appearance surfaces of the substrate. A method of coating a substrate includes machining the appearance surface of the substrate, machining the non-appearance surface of the substrate, disposing a first powder at the appearance surface of the substrate, and disposing a second powder at the non-appearance surface of the substrate. The powders are disposed at the surfaces by electrostatic deposition. A method of facilitating the adherence of a coating at an edge between two surfaces of a substrate includes configuring the edge to have a rounded surface.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for applying a thermoplastic powder to threads located in a bore of an internally threaded fastener having a powder supply conduit in communication with a powder source and a powder application conduit defining a first passageway having a powder discharge port and a second passageway having a powder inlet port located adjacent the discharge port which is in communication with a powder collection system. The powder application conduit is movable for insertion into and through the bore of the fastener and into engagement with the powder supply conduit. The engagement forms a nozzle which directs powder through the powder discharge port onto the threads of the fastener and retrieves excess powder through the powder inlet port for conveyance to the powder collection system.

Abstract: A method of forming a coating of a polymer-based paint composition on a substrate is disclosed. The method is based on the use of pellets rather than solid blocks of the paint composition. The method includes pre-heating a substrate to a temperature that is above the glass transition temperature of the polymer of the paint composition and supplying pellets of the paint composition to the surface of the substrate, whereby the pellets progressively melt into a liquid state. Thereafter, the method includes forming a coating of the liquid paint composition on the substrate surface and converting the liquid coating into a solid coating of the paint composition.

Abstract: A method is described herein for imprinting an image on a soft surface typically embodied in a consumer article. The image is formed using an ink compound comprising ink and aromatic polyisocyanates, to provide improved attachment of the image to the surface using the method described herein. For imprinting a single-color image on a surface, the method typically includes providing the image on heat transfer paper, applying powder to the image, applying heat to the heat transfer paper after applying the powder, positioning the heat transfer paper with the image thereon against the surface, applying heat and pressure to the heat transfer paper against the surface to cause the heat transfer paper with the image thereon to attach to the surface, removing the heat transfer paper from the surface such that the image remains on the surface, and applying heat to the surface after removing the heat transfer paper from the surface.

Abstract: A method for isolating non-conductive oxide constituents of paint from the product support hook surfaces of an electrostatic painting conveyor, coats the hooks with a conductive coat of primer paint having from 10% to 80% finely divided conductive materials in a combustible base, and after using the product support hooks for spray painting product units until a non-conductive paint coating builds-up, removes the build-up and the primer coat in a burn-off oven, so as to provide conductive hook surfaces for repeating the process cycle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making a flexible magnet with an induced anisotropy, and in particular to a process for making a flexible anisotropic magnet by thermal spraying in the presence of an applied magnetic field. The method may be used to fabricate a substrate having a flexible anisotropic magnetic coating or a free standing anisotropic flexible magnet.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved method and apparatus for the application of powdered resins to threaded fasteners. In accordance with the present invention, the powdered resin handling system used to apply, collect, recycle and make-up the resin is generally enclosed; that is, with the exception of the application of the resin to the fasteners, the resin is generally maintained within conduit, housings or hoppers that are not open to the surroundings. This tends to minimize discharge of resin into the areas surrounding the fastener processing equipment and also isolates the resin from external environmental conditions that tend to degrade the resin over time. In addition, the present invention introduces fresh, new or make-up resin in a manner that assures intimate and thorough intermixing of the new and recycled resin while minimizing the cost and complexity of the equipment employed for that purpose.

Abstract: A method of powder coating a workpiece in a housing having a powder coating area with a workpiece travel path and an interior wall surface sloped around at least a portion of the workpiece travel path includes moving air and powder in the powder coating area along at least a portion of the sloped interior wall surface. As a result, a swirling flow pattern of the air and powder is produced around at least a portion of the workpiece travel path. The workpiece is conveyed along the workpiece travel path, and powder is deposited from the swirling flow pattern onto the workpiece along the portion of the workpiece travel path around which the interior wall slopes.

Abstract: Multicomponent coating materials, adhesives and sealing compounds comprising a (meth)acrylate (A) containing, based on (A), up to 90% by weight of hydroxyl-containing monomers in copolymerized form, of which (a1) from 20-90% by weight, based on (A), are 4-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate and/or 2-alkylpropane-1,3-diol mono(meth)acrylate, and (a2) from 0-40% by weight based on (A), are other hydroxyl-containing monomers; and (B) an adduct preparable from (b1) a diisocyanate, and (b2) a compound of the general formula I having an isocyanate-reactive group: wherein R1 and R2 are hydrogen or alkyl radicals, X and Y are oxygen, sulfur or >N—R6 where R6 is alkyl radical or aryl radical, R3 is alkylene radical and R4 and R5 are hydrogen, isocyanate-reactive groups or radicals R6; where R4, R5 or R6 contains an isocyanate-reactive group or R4 or R5 is an isocyanate-reactive functional group, and where R4, R5 or R6, where present, contain no isocyanate-reactive groups and the molar ratio of isocy

Abstract: A UV curable powder coating composition having a binder containing A) 60-90% by weight of at least one amorphous urethane acrylate and B) 10-40% by weight of at least one crystalline urethane acrylate; and having an auxiliary, crosslinks to form a light- and weather-stable paint film that possesses excellent gloss.

Abstract: A method for creating photographic-quality prints and prints produced by these methods are disclosed. The prints generally comprise three layers: a transparent carrier; an image, and a particle-based undercoat. The transparent carrier comprises a substrate for receiving an image. The image can be produced by inkjet, electrostatic, or other imaging methods, including reverse printing methods. The particle-based undercoat layer is applied to the image containing side of the transparent carrier. Also disclosed is an apparatus for producing said prints by methods of the present invention.

Abstract: An object is to provide a method for efficiently producing a powder-coated support, which does not require a drying process and can use, without limitation, even a resin that hardly forms a latex or an aqueous solution, and to provide a powder-coated support obtained by the production method, which exhibits less swelling of its base paper and has excellent smoothness and glossiness. A method produces a powder-coated support by applying a powdery resin composition containing at least a thermoplastic resin to at least one side of a base paper, and hot-pressing the resulting article. The hot pressing is preferably performed by heating the article at a temperature equal to or higher than the melt-starting temperature of the thermoplastic resin and cooling the same to a temperature of 80° C. or lower using a powder coating machine of cooling-removing system.

Abstract: A mixture of a self-curing epoxy resin having an equivalent weight of from about 100 to about 700, a melt viscosity of from out 200 to about 3000 centipoise at 150° C. and a low temperature curing agent is extruded or otherwise mixed in the molten state as one component at a temperature below 230° F. and the extrudate is cooled and pulverized to form a low temperature curable coating powder. The powder cures at a temperature of from about 225 to about 300° F. and produces a coating having an exceptionally smooth surface with either a low or high gloss. The powder is particulary useful for coating heat sensitive substrates such as plastic parts for automobiles, paper, cardboard and wood. Fiberboard having a pattern such as a simulated wood grain printed on its surface and a powder coating of this invention over said pattern has the appearance of natural wood.

Abstract: An absorbent article containing a composite mixture of absorbent macroporous particles and binder particles. Preferably, the absorbent macroporous particles are those having a macroporous structure which allow for the rapid flow of liquid therein, e.g., aerogels, xerogels, cryogels, or mixtures thereof. The absorbent articles produced thereby are preferably thin and lightweight, but maintain an ample rate of absorption allowing for a more rapid uptake of higher volumes of liquids.

Abstract: A resin coating pipe wherein a peripheral surface near an end portion of a pipe material (6) is masked through a specified length, and a resin coating layer (7 or 7a) is formed on a rest portion of a surface of the pipe material (6), and the masked portion is made to be an insertion portion (8 or 8a) to be inserted tightly into an inside diameter portion of another fitting member (4), said resin coating layer (7 or 7a) has its end portion being pressurized, and at that portion, a resin connecting portion (17 or 17a) extending along the insertion portion (8 or 8a) and capable of being fitted into an inside diameter portion of another fitting member (4) together with the insertion portion (8 or 8a), is formed.

Abstract: A process for the production of a manufactured article for coatings, for components of sanitary ware, kitchen fittings, etc., in polymerized transparent resin in which marble and other stones are embedded. The surface of the product is worked by brushing with abrasives, so as to obtain depressions corresponding to the resin, and slight projections with substantially uniform distribution corresponding to the inserts; advantageously, the inserts are “decapitated” to give smoothed surfaces.

Abstract: Corrosion- and chip-resistant coatings for high tensile steel components, such as automotive coil springs, are formed from a coating powder composition of “toughened” epoxy resin. In a single coat embodiment, the entire coating is loaded with at least 75 phr zinc powder. In a dual coat embodiment, an inner coat is loaded with at least 75 phr zinc and an outer, zinc-free coating is reinforced by the addition of fibers and/or by a foaming agent which renders it porous.

Abstract: To provide the thermosetting powder coating composition which comprises a fluorine-containing copolymer having crosslinkable functional group and a curing agent, in which the fluorine-containing copolymer has a fluoroolefin unit, has a fluorine content of not less than 10% by weight and is not dissolved in tetrahydrofuran substantially. A coating line can be shared with other powder coating composition because even when the composition mixes to other powder coating composition, it causes no coating defects, and yet a coated article having a coating film excellent in physical properties can be provided.

Abstract: A method for forming a pattern on a surface of a panel substrate, includes electrically charging pattern-forming material particles, jetting out the electrically charged pattern-forming material particles through a nozzle by applying electrostatic force to the pattern-forming material particles to form a pattern, and fixing the pattern onto the panel substrate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a powder coating composition and a method. The method improves the color strength of a cured film of the powder-based coating composition. To produce the powder-based coating composition, the method begins by combining a powder-based binder, specifically a resin and a cross-linking agent, with a pigment and a surfactant to form a mixture. The mixture is then extruded thereby forming an extrudate of the mixture. The extrudate is cooled and then ground to produce the powder-based coating composition from the extrudate of the mixture. Next, the powder-based coating composition is spray applied to a substrate and cured to form the cured film. The surfactant in the mixture improves the color strength of the powder-based coating composition and the cured film so that the amount of pigment included in the mixture can ultimately be reduced. Additionally, certain physical properties of the cured film are not compromised.

Abstract: The invention concerns powder thermosetting coating compositions comprising (a) an amorphous polyester containing carboxyl groups, rich in isophthalic acid and neopentylglycol, optionally branched with a polycarboxylic acid or a polyol containing at least three functional groups; (b) a semicrystalline polyester containing carboxyl groups prepared from one or several saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with linear chain, and from a saturated aliphatic diol with linear or cyclic chain optionally branched with a polycarboxylic acid or with a polyol containing at least three functional groups, and having a melting point (Tm) of at least 40° C. and an acid value of 5 to 50 mg of KOH/g, and (c) a cross-linking agent. Said compositions are useful for preparing powder paints and varnishes providing excellent quality coatings whereof the brilliance, measured at an angle of 60°, according to the ASTM D 523 standard is always less than 50%, that is half-gloss or matt coatings.

Abstract: To provide a fluorine-containing coating material which gives excellent adhesive strength directly to a substrate such as metal, glass, etc. with maintaining excellent characteristics of the fluorine-containing polymer such as thermal resistance, chemical resistance, non-sticking property and low friction property, and a method for coating the material. The fluorine-containing coating material is prepared by using a fluorine-containing ethylenic polymer having functional group which is obtained by copolymerizing (a-1) 0.05 to 30% by mole of at least one of fluorine-containing ethylenic monomers having any one of functional groups selected from hydroxyl, carboxyl, carboxylate salt group, carboxylate ester group or epoxy and (b-1) 70 to 99.95% by mole of at least one of fluorine-containing ethylenic monomers having no functional group mentioned above.

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-part powder coating system in which the first part includes at least one film-forming polymer, at least one chromatic pigment, and at least one metallic-effect pigment and the second part is substantially free of chromatic pigment. The first part, when applied to at least one surface of a substrate to form a base powder coating and cured in the absence of the second part, is adapted to reflect incident white light in a color substantially independent of the color of the chromatic pigment. The second part, when applied to the top of the base coating to form a clear coating and cured, is adapted to reflect incident white light in a color that is a function of the combined colors of the chromatic pigment and metallic effect pigment. The invention also relates to a process for powder coating a substrate using two-part powder coating system and an article made thereby.

Abstract: A method of depositing large particles having an average nominal diameter of greater than 106 microns up to 250 microns onto substrates using a kinetic spray system is disclosed. The method utilizes a powder injector tube having a reduced inner diameter and a de Laval type nozzle having an elongated throat to exit end length. The method permits deposition of much larger particles than previously possible.

Abstract: A process for forming a retroreflective layer on a powder coated substrate is provided. The substrate is powder coated and the powder coating is subsequently partially cured. Reflective elements are then partially embedded in the semi-cured powder. The powder is then fully cured to permanently bond the reflective elements with the powder coating. The resultant retroreflective assembly can be used in any application requiring high detectability in poor visibility conditions, such as road signs and the like.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for applying a thermoplastic powder to threads located in a bore of an internally threaded fastener having, a powder supply conduit in communication with a powder source and a powder application conduit defining a first passageway having a powder discharge port and a second passageway having a powder inlet port located adjacent the discharge port which is in communication with a powder collection system. The powder application conduit is movable for insertion into and through the bore of the fastener and into engagement with the powder supply conduit. The engagement forms a nozzle which directs powder through the powder discharge port onto the threads of the fastener and retrieves excess powder through the powder inlet port for conveyance to the powder collection system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a powder coating composition. The powder coating composition includes a polyester resin having both hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, a curing agent for the carboxyl groups of the polyester resin, and an uretdione hardener which reacts with the hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: Processes for coating metal or polymeric substrates are provided which include the steps of: (a) applying a first powder coating composition to a surface of the substrate; (b) applying a first infrared radiation at a power density of 30 kilowatts per meter squared or less and optionally a first air simultaneously to the first coating composition for a first period of at least about 90 seconds such that a sintered first coating is formed upon the surface of the substrate; (c) applying a second powder coating composition over the first coating; and (d) applying a second infrared radiation at a power density of 30 kilowatts per meter squared or less and a second air at an air velocity ranging from about 0.5 to about 13 meters per second simultaneously to the second coating composition for a second period of at least about 2 minutes, such that a powder layered system is formed upon the surface of the substrate.