Abstract: Disclosed is a method and a nozzle for a kinetic spray system that uses much lower powder pressures than previously used in kinetic spray systems. The method permits one to significantly decrease the cost of the powder delivery portion of the system, to run the system at higher temperatures for increased deposition efficiency and to eliminate clogging of the nozzle. The nozzle is a supersonic nozzle having a throat located between a converging region and a diverging region, with the diverging region defined between the throat and an exit end. At least one injector is positioned between the throat and the exit end with the injector in direct communication with the diverging region. The powder particles to be sprayed are injected through the at least one injector and entrained in a gas flowing through the nozzle. The entrained particles are accelerated to a velocity sufficient to cause them to adhere to a substrate positioned opposite the nozzle.

Abstract: A method of maintaining a non-obstructed interior opening in a kinetic spray nozzle is disclosed. The method includes the steps of providing a mixture of particles including first particle population and a second particle population; entraining the mixture of particles into a flow of a gas at a temperature below the melt temperature of the particle populations; and directing the mixture of particles entrained in the flow of gas through a supersonic nozzle to accelerate the first particle population to a velocity sufficient to result in adherence of the first particle population on a substrate positioned opposite the nozzle. The operating conditions of the kinetic spray system are selected such that the second particle population is not accelerated to a velocity sufficient to result in adherence when it impacts the substrate.

Abstract: he present invention relates to a fibrous base material having a primary layer and a secondary layer of friction modifying particles on at least one surface of the primary layer for use as an anti-shudder friction material. The fibrous base material is impregnated with a phenolic or phenolic-based resin material to form a friction material.

Abstract: The blood absorbence properties, e.g., free swell blood absorbence capacity and after load blood absorbence capacity of superabsorbent materials is enhanced by combining the superabsorbent materials with enhancing agents which serve to enhance the blood absorbent properties thereof. The enhancing agents in amounts ranging from about 0.01-8 weight percent is applied to the superabsorbent materials or they can be provided on a fibrous material to be combined with the superabsorbent materials. The enhancing agents are selected from materials that include functionalities that allow them to hydrogen bond to the superabsorbent material when the enhancing agent is applied directly thereto or combined with materials to which the enhancing agents have been applied.

Abstract: A grain aggregate is formed by bonding a plurality of cross-linking polymeric grains via a substance (binder) having a reactive functional group, and alternatively, the grain aggregate is formed by bonding at least two different types of a plurality of grains, thus providing the grain aggregate having the improved heat resistance, solvent resistance, strength and light-diffusing properties. Further, a light-diffusing agent made up of the grain aggregate has the improved light-diffusing properties. Therefore, when applying a light-diffusing mold article including the light-diffusing agent to, for example, a backlight of a liquid crystal display device, high brightness and a wide angle of visibility can be attained. Further, by spray drying of a dispersion liquid containing the grain aggregate, the grain aggregate can be produced with ease.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for directly making rapid prototype tooling from a computer model having a free-form shape. The method steps comprise essentially: (a) machining a soft metal tooling base so as to contour at least one free-form surface in conformity with the computer model; (b) cold-gas dynamic spraying the contoured surface to form superimposed impact welded metal particle layers, the layers consisting of at least one thermal management under-layer comprising primarily copper, and at least an outer wear resistant layer comprising primarily tool steel.

Abstract: The invention provides a common salt having the rounded-off savory taste of natural common salt and yet a reduced tendency toward deliquescence and coagulation and a process for producing the same. The invention further provides a method for fractional recovery of freshwater and raw materials for the above common salt from seawater in connection with the production of the same common salt. The common salt of the invention is a bittern-containing granular common salt with each of its grains consisting of a core comprised of a bittern-containing composition optionally containing NaCl and, as covering the grain, a coating layer comprised of a NaCl-containing composition optionally containing CaSO4 or bittern.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for selectively enhancing corrosion protection of fabricated metal parts. One method of the present invention includes providing a non-galvanized metal sheet to be processed to form the fabricated metal part; selecting a localized region on the non-galvanized metal sheet; roughening the localized region for acceptance of a protective coating; applying a protective coating to localized region; and fabricating the non-galvanized metal sheet into a fabricated metal part. Another method includes providing a galvanized metal sheet; selecting a localized region on the galvanized metal sheet; applying a protective coating to the localized region; and fabricating the galvanized metal sheet into a fabricated metal part. Yet another method includes selecting a localized region on a fabricated metal part; roughening the localized region for acceptance of a protective coating; and applying the protective coating to the localized region.

Abstract: Adhesion of a thermosetting powder coating to a glass substrate surface using a silane adhesion promoter, is enhanced by modifying the pH of the glass surface to between 3.5 and 5, prior to, or during, the action of the promoter. The pH-modification may be effected during washing of the surface prior to spray-application of the promoter, or by including an acid or alkali modifier in the silane solution. Alternatively, the silane, or the silane and the modifier, may be included in the thermosetting powder to become active during fusing of the powder to the glass surface. An acid or alkali solution dried on the surface prior to application of the promoter for activation with the promoter on heating, may be used instead or in addition.

Abstract: A technique for forming functionalized particles, where such particles are readily formed into periodic structures. A layer of particles is formed on a substrate, a first material is deposited over at least a portion of each of the particles, and then a functionalizing agent is attached to the first material. The functionalized particles are then capable of being formed into an ordered structure, by selection of appropriate complementary functionalizing agents on a substrate and/or on other particles and/or on other regions of the same particles.

Abstract: A paint is prepared by first preparing a pigment mixture by the steps of providing an electrically conductive paint pigment, providing an aqueous paint vehicle, and mixing and milling the paint pigment and the paint vehicle to reduce a particle size of the paint pigment and to form a pigment mixture. A liquid paint is thereafter prepared by the steps of providing an inorganic paint binder, and mixing and dispersing the pigment mixture in the paint binder without substantially reducing the particle size of the paint pigment. The liquid paint is thereafter applied to a surface and dried to form a solid paint.

Abstract: Interference pigment flakes and foils are provided which have luminescent and color-shifting properties. The pigment flakes can have a symmetrical coating structure on opposing sides of a core layer, can have an asymmetrical coating structure with all of the layers on one side of the core layer, or can be formed with encapsulating coatings around the core layer. The coating structure of the flakes and foils includes a core layer, a dielectric layer overlying the core layer, and an absorber layer overlying the dielectric layer. A luminescent material is incorporated into the flakes or foils as a separate layer or as at least part of one or more of the other layers. The pigment flakes and foils exhibit a discrete color shift so as to have a first color at a first angle of incident light or viewing and a second color different from the first color at a second angle of incident light or viewing.

Abstract: Nanostructured non-stoichiometric materials are disclosed. Novel sensing materials and their applications are discussed. More specifically, the specifications teach the use of nanotechnology and nanostructured materials for developing novel sensing devices and products.

Abstract: Interference pigment flakes and foils are provided which have luminescent and color-shifting properties. A luminescent material coating structure is provided which partially covers or encapsulates a color-shifting pigment flake, or covers the outer surface of a foil. The pigment flakes can have a symmetrical coating structure on opposing sides of a core layer, can have an asymmetrical coating structure with all of the layers on one side of the core layer, or can be formed with encapsulating coatings around the core layer. The coating structure of the flakes and foils includes a core layer, a dielectric layer overlying the core layer, and an absorber layer overlying the dielectric layer. The luminescent pigment flakes and foils exhibit a discrete color shift so as to have a first color at a first angle of incident light or viewing and a second color different from the first color at a second angle of incident light or viewing.

Abstract: The method is intended for applying metallic or metal-ceramic coatings to a product surface, particularly during the manufacture and repair of pressurised articles and products which require increased corrosion resistance, heat resistance and other qualities. The method comprises preliminary heating of compressed air to a temperature of from 400 to 700° C., forming a high-velocity air flow in a supersonic nozzle, accelerating by this flow and applying to a product surface a powder material which is a mechanical mixture of ceramic and metal powders, the metal powder being a powder mixture of at least two metals, one of which is zinc powder in an amount of from 20 to 60% of the metal powder total weight. The presence of zinc in the powder material and heating of compressed air up to said temperature assure high-efficient production of coatings having low gas-permeability and high coating-to-substrate bond strength.

Abstract: A stand-off device for tubulars comprising a sleeve adapted to fit around a tubular, the sleeve comprising an outer surface and a plurality of blades extending along the outer surface of the sleeve, the blades comprising a bearing surface, wherein the bearing surface of each blade is curved longitudinally. The device may be metallic or non-metallic. Non-metallic devices further comprise a protective coating to inhibit abrasion, corrosion, sparking, and electrolysis. The stand-off device is particularly suitable for use with casing in deviated wellbores.

Abstract: A gas sensor element includes a solid electrolyte layer having a plurality of projections formed on its outer surface, an inner electrode formed on the inner surface of the solid electrolyte layer, an outer electrode formed on the outer surface of the solid electrolyte layer, an outer electrode formed on the outer surface of the solid electrolyte layer and a spinel protection layer formed on the outer electrode for protection. The projections are formed on the outer surface of the solid electrolyte layer such that they are formed in a single layer; an area occupied by the projections accounts for 10% to 85% of the outer surface of the solid electrolyte layer and the distance between the neighboring projections is 5 &mgr;m to 300 &mgr;m. Thus, the outer electrode is formed on the solid electrolyte layer in such a manner as to penetrate into pits formed between neighboring projections and is thus strongly bonded to the solid electrolyte layer, thereby improving thermal durability.

Abstract: A negative electrode material is provided for a rechargeable lithium-ion electrochemical cell comprising an intimate mixture of finely-divided elemental nickel and tin particles characterized in that the total oxygen content of said material is less than about 6 percent by weight of the mixture. Preferably, the negative electrode material comprises from about 5 to 90 percent by weight nickel particles and from about 10 to 95 percent by weight tin particles, the nickel and tin particles being composed of discrete, non-spherical, smooth particles of a size ranging from about 1 to 10 micrometers and having a density which is greater than about 5 grams per milliter and a specific surface area of less than about 1 square meter per gram.

Abstract: Process for curing powder lacquers by coating substrates with the powder lacquers and irradiating by radiation in the near infrared range (NIR radiation), which is characterized in that the curing times and/or the surface temperatures, obtainable by means of the radiation during certain curing times, of the substrates coated with the powder lacquers are controlled by setting the barium sulfate and/or aluminium oxide content of the powder lacquers to 1 to 50 wt. % and/or setting the carbon black content of the powder lacquers to 0.1 to 5 wt. %, the percentages by weight relating to the entire powder lacquer composition in each case.

Abstract: A light-reflective decorative glittered article is made by cutting a light-reflective foil into glitter flakes, mixing the flakes with a powdered resin to form a mixture, flocking the mixture onto a curable adhesive applied on areas of a base material to be decorated, and curing the adhesive while concomitantly causing the resin on contacting flakes to become tacky. Scattering and fall-off of the flakes during manufacture are reduced.

Abstract: A photocatalytic oxidation purification system includes an ultra violet light source and a filter that comprises a pleated wire mesh substrate with a nanophase metal oxide oxidation catalyst suspended on the substrate, wherein the catalyst is applied without an adhesive using an electromechanical plating process. As a fluid containing organic contaminants is directed through the filter in the presence of ultra violet light from the light source, the catalyst oxidizes and decomposes the organic contaminants into environmentally harmless components. Methods of making the purification system including preparing a solution of catalyst and applying the catalyst without adhesive binding material to the filter substrate electromagnetically.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a method for manufacturing a solid surface article from a composition of a thermosetting resin, a polymerizable vinyl material, an air release agent and a wetting agent together with sufficient amounts of a thixotropic agent to give the composition a thixotropic index of at least 4.5, as well as a solid, particulate material having a particle size of up to 0.1 inch. The composition is coated into a mold and cured to produce a hardened solid surface article. Also disclosed is a compression molding process for applying a backing material to the article.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a low dielectric constant conductive adhesive that is appropriate for a radio frequency packaging application. This method is characterized by mixing a thermosetting resin with surface-treated conductive particles and non-conductive particles for prevention of agglutination and thereby forming the conductive adhesive. The manufactured conductive adhesive is useful for a bonding material of the radio frequency packaging. According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a flip chip bonding having superior mechanical and electrical performance compared with the conventional flip chip bonding art. Also, since the adhesive has a low high frequency loss and a low dielectric constant, it is possible to realize a flip chip package having a superior electrical performance. The conductive adhesive is particularly useful for the flip chip packaging of a device having a bandwidth of microwave and millimeter wave.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electronic component utilizing an ink jet method using an ink including water or organic solvent, and one of metal powder, ceramic powder, magnetic powder, glass powder, and resistor powder with particle size of 0.001 &mgr;m or more to 10 &mgr;m or less, dispersed in this water or organic solvent, by 1 wt. % or more to 80 wt. % or less, at viscosity of 2 poise or less.

Abstract: A low porosity, strong, composite magnetostrictive coating is formed on a substrate by low temperature, high velocity spraying of a particulate mixture of a magnetostrictive REFe2 composition and a strong metallic matrix material. The practice is particularly useful for forming circumferential bands of composite magnetostrictive material on a round shaft such as an automobile steering column. An example of a composite material is the magnetostrictive SmFe2 compound and iron or copper as the strengthening matrix material.

Abstract: A method for producing a nano-porous coating onto a substrate, including the steps of: (a) operating a twin-wire arc nozzle to heat and at least partially vaporize two wires of a metal for providing a stream of nanometer-sized vapor clusters of the metal into a chamber in which the substrate is disposed; (b) injecting a stream of reactive gas into the chamber to impinge upon the stream of metal vapor clusters and exothermically react therewith to produce substantially nanometer-sized metal compound or ceramic clusters; (c) operating heat treatment devices to heat treat the metal compound or ceramic clusters so that a non-zero proportion of the clusters is in a solid state when impinging upon the substrate; and (d) directing the metal compound or ceramic clusters to impinge and deposit onto the substrate for forming the nano-porous coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for protecting and marking products by using microparticles, which are to be attached or added to the product, each microparticle having several color layers forming a code, wherein for each individual product two or more differently coded microparticle groups are used, with the first microparticle group containing in its code the same information for a plurality of products, and with the second or subsequent microparticle group containing in its code an information which is individual for each individual product or for few products.

Abstract: A solid-particulates-containing composition that can be available ready-made but with a substantial shelf life; in one form it can truly be applied like a conventional paint, and in another form in workable in the manner of a putty. With only a light polishing or burnishing it gives an excellent finish. More specifically, the solid-particulates-containing composition comprises 5-80% by volume of the chosen particulate solid dispersed within either a vinyl acetate polymer product or an acrylic polymer product (or one which is a mixture of the two, with, per 100 volume parts of vinyl acetate polymer product, 5-80 parts of acrylic polymer product), there being, per 100 volume parts of the chosen polymer, from 25 to 80 parts of water.

Abstract: A method for providing the surface of base bodies of displacement or angle measuring systems with magnetizable material. Hard ferrite powder or materials comprising rare earths are preferred components of the magnetizable coating material. The composition of the material is changed during application of the coating such that the percentage of the ferrite or rare earth compound is increased.

Abstract: An improved method of applying a particulate material to a substrate, includes the steps of: removing impurities from a surface of the substrate; forming a coating composition having a bonding material and at least one particulate material; applying the coating composition to the substrate surface; and creating a diffusion bond between the substrate, bonding material and particulate material for generating a continuous interface between the substrate surface and particulate material such that the change in mechanical properties between the substrate and particulate material occurs in a direction normal to the plane of the substrate surface, thereby minimizing residual strain and coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the substrate and particulate material, the surfaces of individual particles of said particulate material being chemically wetted by the bonding material. The particulate material and the bonding material comprise a layer on the substrate surface.

Abstract: A refractory boride body or coating made of a boride of titanium, chromium, vanadium, ziconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, molybednum and cerium is produced from a slurry of the refractory boride or a precursor in a collidal carrier preferably composed of two more different grades of the same colloidal carrier selected from colloidal alumina, yttria, ceria, thoria, zirconia, magnesia, lithia, monoaluminum phosphate and cerium acetate. The slurry can also comprise an organic additive selected from polyvinyl alcohol; polyacrylic acid; hydroxyy propyl methyl cellulose; polythylene glycol; ethylene glycol, butyl benzyl phthalate; ammonium polymethacrylate and mixtures thereof. The retractory boride body or coated body is useful as a component of aluminum electrowinning cells.

Abstract: A process (20) for applying a thermal barrier coating (51) to a turbine component (50) including the step (34) of depositing a bond coating layer (56) by a cold spray process. The layer of bond coating material may have different depths (80,82) in different areas of the component (50), and it may have different compositions (60,62) across its depth. The precise control afforded by the cold spray material deposition step allows the surface of the bond coating material layer to be formed with a predetermined surface roughness or with a plurality of micro-ridges (86) in order to optimize its bond to the overlying ceramic insulating layer (52).

Abstract: A method for coating paper, wherein a coating composition containing coating particles is applied to the surface of a paper web containing lignocellulosic fibers to produce a coated paper web having coating particles bound to the paper web, and the coated web is dried. According to the method the surface area of the interface between the paper web and the coating particles is increased in order to enhance hydrogen bonding between the coating particles and the fibers of the web. The surface area can be increased by using a coating composition comprising fine fibrous material or by abrading the surface of the paper or paperboard web or both. The invention will improve the smoothness of the surface without addition of foreign polymer binding agents to the web.

Abstract: A method of coating a ceramic and bonding ceramic onto a substrate for practical uses over 630° C. includes forming a brazed bonding layer at a contact area between the ceramic and the substrate by a fluidic reaction and causing the bonding layer to wet both the ceramic and substrate with a wetting angle of 0-5° to thereby coat and bond the ceramic onto bond the substrate over the entire contact area with a continuous, essentially 100% dense bonding layer. The bonding layer is so free of bonding defects that the resulting bonded product can withstand repeated thermal shocks by quenching in 0° ice water from a temperature in the range of 630-980° C.

Abstract: A method of repairing a thermal barrier coating on a component designed for use in a hostile thermal environment, such as turbine, combustor and augmentor components of a gas turbine engine. The method more particularly involves repairing a thermal barrier coating on a component that has suffered localized spallation of the thermal barrier coating. After cleaning the surface area of the component exposed by the localized spallation, a ceramic paste comprising a ceramic powder in a binder is applied to the surface area of the component. The binder is then reacted to yield a ceramic-containing repair coating that covers the surface area of the component and comprises the ceramic powder in a matrix of a material formed when the binder was reacted. The binder is preferably a ceramic precursor material that can be converted immediately to a ceramic or allowed to thermally decompose over time to form a ceramic, such that the repair coating has a ceramic matrix.

Abstract: A method of coating a substrate which is a core for a pharmaceutical dosage form, which comprises electrostatically applying to a surface of the core a powder material comprising active material, the coating material applied constituting a dosage of active material, wherein the powder material includes composite particles, each composite particle comprising two or more components having different physical and/or chemical properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel airbag coating compositions and systems comprising heat-expandable microspheres that provide effective insulation for the target airbag fabric during exothermic inflation. The inventive airbag fabrics are either pre-calendered prior to application of this composition or are coated through a floating knife method with such heat-expandable microsphere-containing compositions. The coated airbag fabrics and cushions may then be heated to expand the microsphere constituents of the coating compositions both within the interstices between the individual yarns of the fabric and over the raised yarns of the fabric. Such a coating system thus provides an extremely high degree of protection from heat exposure that permits structural integrity of the target airbag cushion airbag and provides protection from such high inflation temperatures to a vehicle passenger cushion during such a highly exothermic inflation event.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a method for making a lithographic printing plate comprising the steps of applying a first magnetic field to a dry, light absorbing powder, which comprises a magnetic material and a hydrophobic thermoplastic binder, thereby coating said powder on a surface of a metal support; image-wise exposing to light the powder in contact with the surface of the metal support, thereby increasing the adhesion of the powder to the surface of the metal support, without substantially ablating the powder; and removing the non-exposed magnetic powder from the surface of the metal support under action of a second magnetic field with a polarity substantially opposite to the first magnetic field.

Abstract: A process for producing impregnable fine mica tapes with a built-in accelerator which after winding onto the conductors of the windings of electrical machines are impregnated with a solvent-free impregnation resin and are then cured under the action of heat. The fine mica film is sprinkled with a powder epoxy resin system which contains a curing agent and the side of the fine mica film which has been sprinkled with the powder epoxy is cemented to a carrier material, the powder epoxy resin system curing under the influence of temperature.

Abstract: A reverse painting process includes the preheating of work prior to its powder coating. By the preheating of the work, it becomes possible to form a film having a sufficiently large thickness for maintaining a satisfactorily high level of rustproofness in the boundary area between a film of the powdery paint and a film formed by electrodeposition, thus achieving drastic shortening of the time required for heating it in the fusing oven.

Abstract: Superabsorbent-containing composites prepared in a fluidized bed coating apparatus according to the process of the present invention contain at least one particle of a superabsorbent material covered with at least a first layer of at least one particle of at least one coating material. The superabsorbent-containing composites prepared in a fluidized bed coating apparatus according to the process of the present invention are particularly suitable for use in sanitary napkins, diapers and other disposable absorbent articles that handle complex fluids.

Abstract: Continuous coatings are prepared using novel two part compositions and methods. The two part compositions of the invention comprise, in separate containers, a powder polymer composition and a coalescing agent. The powder composition has preferred particle size distribution and composition for use in the compositions or methods of the invention. The coalescing agents of the invention cooperate with the powder part to result in a excellent finish having the appropriate drying hardness, durability, etc. The novel method of the invention involves contacting a coalescing agent with polymer particles in a variety of coating methods. The particles and the coalescing agent interact to form a continuous coating layer or finish layer. The basic coating formation methods of the invention can be embodied in a number of methods or protocols including applying a solid polymer to the liquid coalescing agent, applying the agent to the polymer particulate or applying the liquid and polymer simultaneously.

Abstract: Low gloss appearance in a coating derived from UV curable powder coatings can be achieved by using UV curable powder containing crystalline components or blends of crystalline and amorphous components and after heat fusing the powders together, allowing the crystalline components in the coating time to flow out and recrystallize to form a matte low gloss finish at a temperature of about the melting point of the crystalline component before curing with UV radiation.

Abstract: A hydrophilic treatment by the use of a surface active agent and the like is not required for a base even the surface of which is water-repellent or thermoplastic when a viscous amorphous type titanium peroxide is used for fixing a base as a binder. In addition, a thin layer of a photocatalyst semiconductor, a dielectrical ceramics or an electrical ceramics can be easily formed by adhering particles of a photocatalyst semiconductor, a dielectrical ceramics or an electrical ceramics to the layer of a viscous amorphous type titanium peroxide, which is a layer as a binder, in a homogeneously floating state gas. Furthermore, a layer of a titanium oxide having a photocatalyst function can be formed when a base is fixed with a viscous amorphous type titanium peroxide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a means for the surface preparation of a metal or metal alloy substrate. In the process of the present invention, a stream of a mixture of flux particles and metal particles is hurled at the substrate at velocities effective for flux adhesion to the surface. The velocities of the particle stream is adjusted so that the flux particles adhere to the surface and the metal particles bounce off the surface. At higher temperatures and velocities, the metal particles are co-deposited with the flux.

Abstract: This invention is a method for producing an electrode for a non-aqueous electrolytic cell, in which a collector is coated with an electrode active material layer comprising an active material, flake graphite and a binder, which is characterized by that the graphite is subjected to a pulverization process twice or more, followed by mixing and pulverization using the active material, and provides an electrode for a secondary cell which is good in charge and discharge characteristics such as discharge capacity and charge and discharge cycle life, and improved in physical characteristics.

Abstract: A hydrophilic treatment by the use of a surface active agent and the like is not required for a base even the surface of which is water-repellent or thermoplastic when a viscous amorphous type titanium peroxide is used for fixing a base as a binder. In addition, a thin layer of a photocatalyst semiconductor, a dielectrical ceramics or an electrical ceramics can be easily formed by adhering particles of a photocatalyst semiconductor, a dielectrical ceramics or an electrical ceramics to the layer of a viscous amorphous type titanium peroxide, which is a layer as a binder, in a homogeneously floating state gas. Furthermore, a layer of a titanium oxide having a photocatalyst function can be formed when a base is fixed with a viscous amorphous type titanium peroxide.

Abstract: A product comprised of a three dimensional network of material is coated with a particulate support. The coating may be applied by an electrophoretic coating procedure to apply a particulate coating on the surface or into the interior portions of such three dimensional network of material. In one embodiment, the particles are a catalyst or a catalyst precursor or a catalyst support to thereby provide a catalyst structure in which catalyst may be supported as a coating in the interior and on the exterior of a three-dimensional network of material having a high void volume. Edge effects may be reduced by control or disruption of field lines during the coating. In addition, larger particles may be electrophoretically coated onto a product by the use of smaller particles which function as a “glue”.

Abstract: A system (100, 100′, 100″) and method for robotic manipulation of objects (130) is provided wherein particulates (110, 110′) are agitated by the transfer of energy thereto to establish patterned granular motion of the particulates (110, 110′). The patterned granular motion of the particulates (110, 110′) forms standing waves (112). The objects (130) align themselves with the standing waves (112) and thus are dynamically arranged in a configuration established by the location of the standing waves (112). The location of the standing waves (112) can be predetermined by controlling the waveform of the signals applied to the energy application system (140). The predetermined waveforms are supplied from the signal source (150, 154) to the energy application system (140).

Abstract: Provided is a process of producing an adherent synthetic corrosion product (sludge) coating on metallic surfaces. The method involves a chemical reaction between a dry solid powder mixture of at least one reactive metal oxide with orthophosphoric acid to produce a coating in which the particles are bound together and the matrix is adherent to the metallic surface.