Abstract: This invention relates to a method of functionalizing a powdered substrate. The method comprises the following steps, which method comprises passing a gas into a means for forming excited and/or unstable gas species, typically an atmospheric pressure plasma or the like and treating the gas such that, upon leaving said means, the gas comprises excited and/or unstable gas species which are substantially free of electric charge. The gas comprising the excited and/or unstable gas species which are substantially free of electric charge is then used to treat a powdered substrate and a functionalizing precursor in a downstream region external to the means for forming excited and/or unstable gas, wherein neither the powdered substrate nor the functionalizing precursor have been subjected to steps (i) and (ii) and wherein said functionalizing precursor is introduced simultaneously with or subsequent to introduction of the powdered substrate. Preferably the method takes place in a fluidized bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to interference pigments based on coated flake-form substrates which are distinguished by the fact in that they comprise (A) a layer of SiO2 having a layer thickness of 5-350 nm, (B) a high-refractive-index coating having a refractive index n of >1.8 and/or (C) an interference system consisting of alternating high- and low-refractive-index layers and optionally (D) an outer protective layer, and to the use thereof in paints, coatings, automotive paints, powder coatings, printing inks, security printing inks, plastics, ceramic materials, glasses, paper, in toners for electrophotographic printing processes, in seed, in greenhouse sheeting and tent awnings, as absorbers in the laser marking of paper and plastics, in cosmetic formulations, for the preparation of pigment pastes with water, organic and/or aqueous solvents, and for the preparation of pigment preparations and dry preparations.

Abstract: A process for the production or coating of granules in a fluidized bed, which includes heating a fluidized-bed gas to produce the fluidized bed, and applying a liquid medium containing a granule-forming or coating-forming compound, or at least one reaction component therefore, by spraying particles located in the fluidized bed and at a same time vaporizing an organic solvent contained in the liquid medium, said particles having a smaller mean diameter than that of particles to be produced. The process also includes partial condensation of an organic solvent from at least a portion of a fluidized-bed waste gas leaving the fluidized bed, and re-heating the fluidized bed-gas leaving the condensation device and reintroducing the re-heated gas into the fluidized bed.

Abstract: A process for producing water-absorbing polymeric particles by dropletization polymerization in the gas phase, which comprises drying the polymeric particles after the polymerization in a fluidized bed, the water-absorbing polymeric particles themselves, hygiene articles comprising these water-absorbing polymeric particles and also apparatus for implementing the process.

Abstract: A method of operating a fluidized bed deposition reactor to provide top removal of granular material, including production product is set forth. The vertical generally cylindrical reactor has at least one gas inlet at the lower end, at least one gas and solids outlet at the upper end and a gas/granular product separator connected to the gas and solids outlet. A heated reaction zone located in the lower portion of the reactor includes a fluidized bed; the bed being fluidized to establish a bubbling fluidized bed with a defined stable height. A disengaging space is provided above the stable bed height. A reaction gas is added to the bottom of the reactor, the reaction gas depositing a reaction product coating on the granular particles, the coating being abraded off the granules. The combined flow rate of the fluidizing gas and the reaction gas is adjusted so that a majority of the granular particles are retained in the reactor while maintaining bubbling.

Abstract: A method for producing enzyme granulates, the resulting enzyme granulates, and their use in formulations, e.g., for animal feed, food, washing means, rinsing means, and/or for pharmaceutical purposes and the like. The enzyme granulates show, in particular, a high relative percentage of active enzymes, certain grain sizes, good storage stability, especially small roundness factor, and/or low residual moisture percentage as well as preferably additional specific properties. According to the invention, the enzyme granulates are produced by linking the thermal conditions in the spray zone and the temperature conditions in the remaining region of the fluidized bed. In the process according to the invention, this is achieved in that the supply of heated processing gas is realized for drying exclusively in the injection region. The reliable supply of particles in the injection region is realized through the special geometrical shape of the apparatus under the use of gravity.

Abstract: The method of making a composite particle for an electrode in accordance with the present invention comprises a granulating step of integrating a conductive auxiliary agent and a binder adapted to bind the conductive auxiliary agent and an electrode active material together with a particle made of the electrode active material while in close contact with each other in an inert gas atmosphere so as to form a composite particle for an electrode containing the electrode active material, conductive auxiliary agent, and binder. When the composite particle obtained by this method is used as a constituent of an electrode, an electrode having an excellent electrode characteristic and an electrochemical device having excellent electrochemical characteristics can be formed easily and reliably.

Abstract: An air nozzle has an attachment arrangement for solid fuel burners with fluidized beds. The air nozzle has a body having an inlet and an outlet defined therein. A pipe end is inserted into the inlet. The attachment arrangement secures the pipe end inside the body. The attachment arrangement has a first part engaging a through hole of the body and a second perpendicular part that engages a cavity of the pipe end.

Abstract: Methodology for constructing composite particles from ingredients comprising two or more particulate components. The resultant particles are usefully incorporated into powder coating compositions. The approach also finds utility in other applications, including but not limited to the food, drug, and cosmetics industry. Fluidized particles are subjected to an intense, but relatively brief heating event. This causes associated particles to fusingly assemble into fused composite clusters.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method of making an oxygen scavenging particle comprised of an activating component and an oxidizable component wherein one component is deposited upon the other component from a vapour phase and is particularly useful when the activating component is a protic solvent hydrolysable halogen compound and the oxygen scavenging particle is a reduced metal.

Abstract: Embodiments of a nozzle reactor of the type useable to inject a first material feed stock and a second material feed stock to cause interaction between the first material feed stock and second material feed stock are described herein. According to one embodiment, the nozzle reactor includes a reactor body having a reactor body passage with an injection end and an ejection end. The nozzle reactor also includes a first material injector having a first material injection passage and being mounted in the nozzle reactor in material injecting communication with the injection end of the reactor body. The first material injection passage can have an enlarged volume injection section, an enlarged volume ejection section, and a reduced volume mid-section intermediate the enlarged volume injection section and the enlarged volume ejection section. The first material injection passage can also have a material injection end and a material ejection end in injecting communication with the reactor body passage.

Abstract: A fine spherical particle formed of diamond as a core and having carbon nano-materials radially grown therefrom is disclosed, which exhibits the appearance of a Marimo (Cladophora sauteri) particle. Fine diamond catalytic particles 2 whose surfaces are oxidized and treated to carry a transition metal catalyst are floated and stirred in a gas phase of hydrocarbon while being heated at a selected temperature to bring about a catalytic reaction which synthesizes carbon nano-materials and to grow them on the surface of said oxidized fine diamond particle. Nano fibers or filaments 32 of a nano size are grown from the fine diamond catalytic particle 31 as a core to form cladophora-form carbon. The carbon nano-materials if the supported transition metal is Ni or Co become carbon nano-tubes and if it is Pd become coin stacked carbon nano-graphite.

Abstract: Calcium-containing compounds have been at least partly film-coated and/or granulated with a water-soluble substance and a water-soluble polymeric substance and use of such coated compounds in pharmaceutical compositions. The at least partly film-coated and/or granulated calcium-containing compounds have proved suitable for the preparation of tablets having a very high load of elemental calcium and a conveniently small size. A drug load of about 96% or more is obtained in tablets of the invention that have sufficient mechanical and organoleptic properties.

Abstract: A particle having a magnesium aluminate core and a fluoride salt coating on the core. The particle has been heated in an oxidizing atmosphere to a temperature in the range of about 400° C. to about 750° C. A method of making a particle by mixing a magnesium aluminate core with a solution of a fluoride salt in a solvent to form a slurry and spraying the slurry into a drying column. The slurry enters the column as an aerosol under thermal conditions that avoid boiling the solvent. The thermal conditions in the column evaporate the solvent as the aerosol moves through the column to form a coating of the fluoride salt on the core while substantially avoiding spalling.

Abstract: A method for covering particles having a diameter of maximally 60 ?m by means of atomic layer deposition, whereby said method comprises the step of fluidizing said particles in a fluidized bed reactor using a first reactant gas comprising a first reactant for substantially completely covering said particles with a monolayer of said first reactant.

Abstract: Provided are methods of modifying solid particles with functional agents to provide anti-microbial media. The anti-microbial media comprise a surface-modified inorganic component which is a reaction product of an anti-microbial component and an inorganic component. Methods of making the media include agitating inorganic base material in a processing tank substantially simultaneously with spraying the anti-microbial component into the processing tank to form a coated base material. Methods of making the media also include maintaining a ratio of the anti-microbial component to the inorganic component such that the coated base material is below its compaction point. Methods of use are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to roofing materials for roofs, sidewalls and other exterior surfaces exposed to the weather such as, but not limited to, asphaltic and non-asphaltic roofing materials, wherein color coated metal flakes cover up to 100% of the weathering surface of the roofing materials. The metal flakes are coated with a colored coating material by fluidizing the flakes in an air stream, spraying pressurized air and colored coating material, and curing the coated metal flakes. The present invention also relates to methods of making roofing materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a granular hydrohalide salt of a particular metal complex compound which is composed of a divalent metal cation as central ion and of an amino dicarboxylic acid ion and, where appropriate, water as ligand, where the hydrohalide salt is obtained with a specific particle size distribution.

Abstract: A method for preparing a LixMyPO4 compound having an olivine structure includes: preparing a solution containing transition metal M ions, Li+ ions and PO43? ions; drying the solution to form particles of a starting material; and forming the particles of the starting material into particles of the LixMyPO4 compound with an olivine structure, in which 0.8?x?1.2 and 0.8?y?1.2, and coating the particles of the LixMyPO4 compound with a carbon layer thereon.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of urea granules in a fluid-bed granulator, by using at least one feeding device to feed a urea melt in the form of a film to a fluidized bed of solid urea nuclei, upon which the nuclei grow by solidification of the urea melt on the nuclei, in which the amounts of biuret and water in the urea melt and in the urea granules fulfill the following relation b m · b g w m · ( w m - w g ) = 0.1 - 20 wherein bm=the % by weight of biuret in the urea melt bg=the % by weight of biuret in the urea granules wm=the % by weight of water in the urea melt wg=the % by weight of water in the urea granules.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing pharmaceuticals or parts thereof or food supplements or parts thereof, by coating substrates with a film-forming coating agent containing a pigment which is incompatible with the coating agent. The invention also relates to appliances for carrying out said method, especially a drum coater, a mushroom mixer, a fluidised bed appliance or a spray sifter comprising multiple spray devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a water-absorbing material comprising the step of spray-coating water-absorbing polymeric particles with at least one non-reactive coating agent in a continuous process in a fluidized bed reactor in the range from 0° C. to 150° C., with the proviso that the non-reactive coating agents do not comprise an elastic film-forming polymer, the water-absorbing material obtainable by this process, the use of the water-absorbing material in hygiene articles and packaging material and hygiene articles comprising this material.

Abstract: Spray dried particles having specified aerodynamic characteristics are produced by atomizing a liquid feed and contacting the liquid feed with a drying gas, such as, for example, air or nitrogen. The humidity of the drying gas is controlled to a value, expressed, for instance, as dew point, which is known to produce particles having a specified tap density or aerodynamic diameter. Particles having a volume median geometric diameter greater than about 5 microns and a tap density less than about 0.4 g/cm3 are preferred.

Abstract: The invention relates to a platelike color effect pigment having the following structure: a) a metallic reflective core; b) a spacer layer made of a dielectric material, and; c) an, all in all, semitransparent absorber layer comprising, in essence, discrete metal particles that have an average diameter of 1 to 100 nm and optionally at least one other protective layer.

Abstract: A method for coating particles with a coating liquid including supplying airflow to fluidize the particles; mixing the coating liquid with a spray gas in a two-fluid spray nozzle to form a two-phase flow; and atomizing the two-phase flow with the spray gas to spray a mist of the coating liquid upon the particles. A coating device including a vessel; a fluidizing device configured to supply airflow to fluidize a powder in the vessel; and a spray nozzle configured to mix the coating liquid with a spray gas to form a two-phase flow, and to atomize the two-phase flow with the spray gas to spray a mist of the coating liquid. A particulate carrier for use in electrophotographic developer including particles of a core material and a cover layer thereon and prepared by the coating method mentioned above.

Abstract: High-purity polysilicon granules are prepared by depositing reaction gas on silicon granules in a fluidized bed reactor having: a reactor space comprising at least two zones lying one above the other, the lower zone weakly fluidized by introduction of a silicon-free gas into silicon granules in the lower zone by a plurality of individual dilution gas nozzles, and a second, reaction zone directly abutting the lower zone, the reaction zone heated via its outwardly bounding wall, introducing silicon-containing reaction gas as a vertical high speed gas jet into the reaction zone by reaction gas nozzle(s), forming local reaction gas jets surrounded by bubble-forming fluidized bed, gas decomposing leading to particle growth, wherein the reaction gas has fully or almost fully reacted to chemical equilibrium conversion before reaching the wall or bed surface.

Abstract: A fluid bed granulation process of a predetermined substance comprises the steps of: forming, through a fluidification. air flow of predetermined flow rate, a fluid bed of granules of said substance to be granulated fed to it in the form of seeds, —feeding said fluid bed with a continuous flow of a growth substance (or liquid).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a fire retardant composite, a composite of a foamed polymer having a coating with fire retardant properties, and also the use of such composites. The method according to the present invention comprises the following steps: i) providing beads of foamed polymer, ii) applying a coating on the beads of step i) and iii) shaping the thus coated beads into said composite.

Abstract: Coated sodium percarbonate particles, process for their preparation, their use and detergent compositions containing them Coated sodium percarbonate particles containing a sodium percarbonate core at least partially surrounded by at least one coating layer containing a hygroscopic compound, said hygroscopic compound being present in an amount such that the coated sodium percarbonate particles are capable of absorbing an amount of water (measured at an initial water content of less than 0.5% wt and after storage during 24 h at 32° C. and 50% RH) which is increased, compared to the uncoated sodium percarbonate core particles, with at least 0.1% of water per kg of coated sodium percarbonate particles.

Abstract: Device for injecting fluid in successive layers into a rotating fluidized bed and methods for catalytic polymerization, drying or other treatments of solid particles or for catalytic conversion of fluids, in which a succession of injectors (12), distributed around the fixed circular wall (2) of a circular reaction chamber, inject along this wall, in successive layers, one or more fluids (13), which entrain the solid particles (17), passing through this chamber, in a movement of rapid rotation whereof the centrifugal force concentrates these particles along this wall, thereby forming a fluidized bed rotating around a central duct (3), through which the fluids are removed.

Abstract: CIGS absorber layers fabricated using coated semiconducting nanoparticles and/or quantum dots are disclosed. Core nanoparticles and/or quantum dots containing one or more elements from group IB and/or IIIA and/or VIA may be coated with one or more layers containing elements group IB, IIIA or VIA. Using nanoparticles with a defined surface area, a layer thickness could be tuned to give the proper stoichiometric ratio, and/or crystal phase, and/or size, and/or shape. The coated nanoparticles could then be placed in a dispersant for use as an ink, paste, or paint. By appropriate coating of the core nanoparticles, the resulting coated nanoparticles can have the desired elements intermixed within the size scale of the nanoparticle, while the phase can be controlled by tuning the stochiometry, and the stoichiometry of the coated nanoparticle may be tuned by controlling the thickness of the coating(s).

Abstract: Self-healing coatings incorporate microcapsules of about 60-150 microns diameter that contain film formers and dust suppression compounds suitable for controlling spalling of lead dust, for example. In one embodiment, a primer paint is mixed with these microcapsules and applied by brushing or rolling. After the coating has cured, any physical compromise of the coating results in microcapsules bursting to release liquid that fills and seals the compromised volume. The microcapsule contents protect the underlying substrate from damage and repair some of the outer coating. In one application, embodiments of these self-healing coatings seal existing lead-based paint for suppression of lead dust. In another embodiment, microcapsules are provided separately to enhance commercially available products.

Abstract: A coating of an encapsulated electrophoretic medium is formed on a substrate (106) by dispersing in a fluid (104) a plurality of electrophoretic capsules (102), contacting at least a portion of a substrate (106) with the fluid (104); and applying a potential difference between at least a part of the portion of the substrate (106) contacting the fluid (104) and a counter-electrode (110) in electrical contact with the fluid (104), thereby causing capsules (102) to be deposited upon at least part of the portion of the substrate (106) contacting the fluid (102). Patterned coatings of capsules containing different colors may be deposited in registration with electrodes using multiple capsule deposition steps. Alternatively, a patterned coating may be deposited upon a substrate containing a conductive layer by varying the conductivity of the conductive layer by radiation exposure or by coating portions of the conductive layer with an insulating layer, typically a photoresist.

Abstract: A process for producing thin absorbent planar structures which may be used in hygiene products such as diapers, incontinence products, wound contact materials or sanitary napkins to absorb body fluids, comprises the steps of: A) producing a mixture of an adhesive in dispersion form and a particulate absorbent by fluidizing the components, B) applying the mixture of adhesive and absorbent uniformly to the surface of one side of a first planar backing material, C) one side of a second planar backing material is applied to the mixture of adhesive and absorbent that is present on the surface of one side of the first planar backing material, so producing a sandwichlike intermediate, and D) the sandwichlike intermediate is processed to the end product at a temperature of at least 90° C., a pressure of from 4 to 50 bar, and a pressing time of from 0.5 to 5 min.

Abstract: An electroluminescent (EL) phosphor is described wherein each individual phosphor particle is encapsulated in an inorganic coating, preferably aluminum oxyhydroxide. The encapsulated phosphor shows an extreme insensitivity to atmospheric moisture and suffers only minor loss of initial brightness in lamps. The method of applying the coating is a hybrid process, which involves EL phosphor particles first being coated with a thin inorganic film using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method in a fluidized bed wherein the precursors are introduced sequentially in repeated cycles, subsequently followed by an additional coating layer applied by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method in which the precursors are introduced simultaneously.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of coated granular sodium percarbonate having a low TAM value. The preparation is carried out by fluidized-bed spray granulation at a temperature TG in the range from 45 to 75° C., and the coating is effected by the spray application of an aqueous solution containing at least one coating component in a fluidized bed at a temperature TU in the range from 35 to 100° C. According to the invention, a) after the fluidized-bed spray granulation but before the coating, drying is carried out at TNT of greater than TG, or b) the fluidized-bed granulation is carried out in at least two steps at TG1, TG2 . . . TGn, TG2 or TGn being higher than TG1, and drying being unnecessary if ? of the granulate have been formed at TG1, or c) drying takes place not after the granulation but after the coating, at TUNT, TUNT being at least 20° C. higher than TG.

Abstract: A process for producing a vacuum ultraviolet ray-excited light-emitting phosphor comprising the steps of mixing a phosphor with a aluminum-based coupling agent, and calcining the mixture.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an excellent process for production of a surface-treated particulate water-absorbent resin wherein the process adopts a surface-treatment process that can enhance the properties (which the water-absorbent resin is desired to have) to extremely high levels, and also can solve the prior problems in such as safety, and further can sufficiently carry out the treatment even at a reaction temperature near room temperature. As a means of achieving this object, the process according to the present invention for production of a surface-treated particulate water-absorbent resin is characterized by comprising the steps of: adding a treating liquid to a particulate water-absorbent resin as a base polymer, wherein the treating liquid contains a radically polymerizable compound; and then irradiating the particulate water-absorbent resin with active energy rays while fluidizing the particulate water-absorbent resin, thereby surface-treating it.

Abstract: A liquid self-healing coating, incorporating microcapsules filled with tailored repair formulations, repairs itself upon physical compromise after curing. In one embodiment, a commercially available paint primer is mixed with a pre-specified amount of these microcapsules. After the coating has cured on the substrate to which it is applied, any physical compromise of the cured coating results in the microcapsules bursting to release a liquid that fills and seals the compromised volume of the coating. In applications where paint is used to provide corrosion protection, the liquid contains anti-corrosion material as well as suitable diluents and film-forming compounds. In another embodiment, the microcapsules may be provided separately to enhance commercially available products.

Abstract: An improved Wurster-type coater including a separator screen located within the Wurster tube in surrounding relationship to the spray nozzle and forming an annular volume through which at least a portion of smaller feed material particles are permitted to preferentially enter the spray pattern before the larger-sized particles can do so, thereby causing the smaller particles to become agglomerated first, resulting in finished product having a more even distribution of particle sizes.

Abstract: This invention relates to coated particles used as phosphor particles for a phosphor screen of a display and a coating method for such particles. In the coating method of the present invention, first particles having a mean particle diameter of 3 to 10 ?m are fluidized, and slurry drops obtained by suspending second particles having a mean particle diameter of 5 to 500 nm are generated from a spray nozzle or the like. Then, the fluidized first particles and the slurry drops are collided with each other, and thereby the second particles are coated on the surfaces of the first particles. Thereby, this invention is able to present coated particles wherein each surface of the first particles is uniformly coated with the second particles that are more microscopic than the first particles.

Abstract: Methodology for constructing composite particles from ingredients comprising two or more particulate components. The resultant particles are usefully incorporated into powder coating compositions. The approach also finds utility in other applications, including but not limited to the food, drug, and cosmetics industry. Fluidized particles are subjected to an intense, but relatively brief heating event. This causes associated particles to fusingly assemble into fused composite clusters.

Abstract: In a method of monitoring the formation of a coating on a single particle (P), an apparatus is used which comprises means (2,5,6,9) for arranging said particle (P) at a given spatial location, and a fluid supply unit (3) adapted to apply a coating fluid to the particle (P) such that the coating is formed. Further, the apparatus has a measurement unit (4) which is adapted to perform a spectrometric measurement on the coating during formation thereof, and to derive a measurement value of at least one principle parameter related to the coating. This, such principle parameters, for example the thickness, thickness growth rate and physical and/or chemical properties related to the quality of the coating, as well as heat, mass and momentum transfer, can be continuously and non-invasively monitored during the coating process on the single particle (P).

Abstract: This invention relates to coated particles used as phosphor particles for a phosphor screen of a display and a coating method for such particles. In the coating method of the present invention, first particles having a mean particle diameter of 3 to 10 ?m are fluidized, and slurry drops obtained by suspending second particles having a mean particle diameter of 5 to 500 nm are generated from a spray nozzle or the like. Then, the fluidized first particles and the slurry drops are collided with each other, and thereby the second particles are coated on the surfaces of the first particles. Thereby, this invention is able to present coated particles wherein each surface of the first particles is uniformly coated with the second particles that are more microscopic than the first particles.

Abstract: A film-forming composition contains surface-treated nanocrystalline particles dispersed in a cross-linkable resin. A substantially transparent, abrasion-resistant film is formed from the film-forming composition. Processes for preparing the film-forming composition and for preparing a substantially transparent, abrasion-resistant film are also included. The surface-treated nanocrystalline particles may be obtained by treating nanocrystalline particles with one or more siloxane species, such as a siloxane star-graft polymer coating.

Abstract: A method for repeatedly converting a solvent from a state of solvent to a state of antisolvent with relatively little loss of solvent. The method is used to allow for processing of large amounts of solute material with minimum amounts of solvent.

Abstract: A method for continuously introducing a substance in liquid phase into plastics granules comprising: a) feeding a substantially continuous flow of the plastics granules to at least one substantially static spraying chamber, b) spraying the substance in liquid phase onto the plastics granules, c) passing the granules partially or totally coated by the substance in liquid phase by a substantially static mixing means supported in at leas one mixing chamber provided downstream of the spraying chamber, d) submitting the mixed granules to drying for a time sufficient to allow a substantially complete absorption of the substance in liquid phase by the granules.

Abstract: Spray dried particles having specified aerodynamic characteristics are produced by atomizing a liquid feed and contacting the liquid feed with a drying gas, such as, for example, air or nitrogen. The humidity of the drying gas is controlled to a value, expressed, for instance, as dew point, which is known to produce particles having a specified tap density or aerodynamic diameter. Particles having a volume median geometric diameter greater than about 5 microns and a tap density less than about 0.4 g/cm3 are preferred.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing surface-modified materials, such as core-shell materials with the core and the shell(s) being different distinct phases, or materials with a concentration gradient of one or more dopant or substituent element(s) from the surface to the bulk. The method comprises (i) treating the bulk of material with a solution containing a first solvent and at least one flocculant comprising a soluble polymer so that the flocculant adheres to the bulk; (ii) subsequently contacting the flocculant-treated bulk of step (i) with a dispersion containing a second solvent and the particulate solid particles to deposit the particulate solid particles on the flocculant-treated bulk ; and (iii) subsequently treating the resultant of step (ii) with heat. This method can in particular be applied to produce surface-modified cathode materials for Li batteries with improved performance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an efficient and simple method for treating a carbon nano-structure, comprising fluidizing the carbon nano-structure in a reactor using a carrier gas introduced into the reactor; and then introducing a reactive gas in the reactor to contact the fluidized carbon nano-structure. In accordance with the inventive method, carbon nano-structures can be effectively purified, uniformly surface-treated and easily employable in the post-process, e.g., in the production of a composite comprising same.