Abstract: A panel assembly, and method of making it, that includes a substrate and a coating proximate at least one edge of the substrate for defining a coated edge portion, the coating including one or more film forming resins having at least one functional group capable of polymerization; an initiator for causing the formation of free radicals or cations; and one or more compounds, which are reactive with the film forming resin and which also contain at least one acidic moiety. A plastic is bonded onto the coated edge portion of the substrate.

Abstract: Methods and systems for decorating at least one bevel surface or other surface of a laminated flooring are described. The bevel surface can be decorated by non-transfer printing such as digital printing. The digital printer can be an ink jet printer such as a piezoelectric drop-on-demand (DOD) printer that allows a color and pattern to be placed on the bevel surface that matches the print design (décor pattern or face design) of the laminated flooring. Other devices are provided such as a device that takes a picture of or scans an image of the print design, and modifies the taken picture or the scanned image so that the edge pattern thereof matches with an edge pattern of the print design.

Abstract: The invention refers to a device and method for treating a peripheral region of a sandwich component, in particular of a sandwich component having a honeycomb structure and two spaced-apart coating layers and a core structure having a plurality of cavities. The invention is characterized by applying a layer of liquid thermoplastic material onto an peripheral region of the sandwich component such that thermoplastic material penetrates into cavities in the core structure of the sandwich component, and hardening the applied thermoplastic material.

Abstract: An article for use in aggressive environments is presented. In one embodiment, the article comprises a substrate and a self-sealing and substantially hermetic sealing layer disposed over the bondcoat. The substrate may be any high-temperature material, including, for instance, silicon-bearing ceramics and ceramic matrix composites. A method for making such articles is also presented. The method comprises providing a substrate; disposing a self-sealing layer over the substrate; and heating the sealing layer to a sealing temperature at which at least a portion of the sealing layer will flow.

Abstract: Nano structure patterning formation includes coating a part of a structural guide with a hydrophobic polymer, positioning the structural guide on a substrate, coating at least a part of the substrate with a film made of a block copolymer, and annealing the film made of the block copolymer to align the block copolymer.

Abstract: An inkjet head having a hydrophobic coating layer and a method of forming the hydrophobic coating layer on a surface of a nozzle plate of the inkjet head. The method includes filling a wax into a plurality of nozzles formed in the nozzle plate while coating the surface of the nozzle plate with wax, removing the wax from the surface of the nozzle plate, forming a hydrophobic coating layer on the surface of the nozzle plate, melting the wax filled in the nozzles, and removing portions of the hydrophobic coating layer covering the nozzles by discharging the melted wax through the nozzles using heat and/or pressure. Therefore, the hydrophobic coating layer is uniformly formed only on an outer surface of the nozzle plate, without forming the hydrophobic coating layer in an inner surface of the nozzles, thereby improving an ink ejecting performance of the nozzles.

Abstract: An element forming an electronic component has a first face and a second face facing each other, and a third face adjacent to each of the first face and the second face. A method of forming an external electrode of the electronic component involves a pre-formation step, first to third formation steps, and an electrode formation step. The pre-formation step is to apply a conductive paste onto the third face and to evaporate at least a part of a liquid contained in the applied conductive paste, to form a precoat portion expected to become a part of a third electrode portion. The first formation step is to apply the conductive paste from a direction opposite to the first face, onto the first face to form a first electrode portion. The second formation step is to apply the conductive paste from a direction opposite to the second face, onto the second face to form a second electrode portion.

Abstract: A method for caulking or grouting a corner involving providing a tape with two strips of adhesive tape, the strips being spaced apart such that a channel is formed therebetween. A non-adhesive dividing strip is attached to the strips. The strips are folded along the centerline of and rolled upon a cylindrical core (16). The roll is placed against one wall with the folded edge inserted into the corner. Using the roll as a guide the tape is unrolled along the corner by moving the roll along the corner, progressively unrolling tape from the roll and unpeeling the dividing strip. After the tape is in place, caulk or grout is applied in the channel between the adhesive strips.

Abstract: A method of controlling edge definition of viscous material applied to an application area on a substrate comprises dispensing a row of droplets of the viscous material onto the application area with a dispensing apparatus. While moving relative to the substrate along a path proximate the row of droplets, the dispensing apparatus dispenses a fan spray pattern of the viscous material. At least some of the viscous material dispensed in the fan spray pattern impinges and mixes with the row of droplets to define an edge of the fan spray pattern.

Abstract: When a conductive layer is formed, a first liquid composition containing a conductive material is applied on an outer side of a pattern that is desired to be formed (corresponding to a contour or an edge portion of a pattern), and a first conductive layer (insulating layer) having a frame-shape is formed. A second liquid composition containing a conductive material is applied so as to fill a space inside the first conductive layer having a frame-shape, whereby a second conductive layer is formed. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are formed so as to be in contact with each other, and the first conductive layer is formed so as to surround the second conductive layer. Therefore, the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer can be used as one continuous conductive layer.

Abstract: The invention discloses isostatic-pressing (IP) applied to polymer (e.g., PTFE) coated razor blade edges to produce thin, dense, and uniform blade edges which in turn exhibit low initial cutting forces correlating with a more comfortable shaves. The isostatic press utilized may be a hot isostatic press (HIP) or cold isostatic press (CIP) or any other isostatic press process. The HIP conditions may include an environment of elevated temperatures and pressures in an inert atmosphere. The HIP conditions may be applied to non-sintered coatings or sintered coatings or before or after a Flutec® process is applied to coatings. CIP conditions may include room temperature and elevated pressure. The polymeric material may be a fluoropolymer or a non-fluoropolymer material or any composite thereof. It may be deposited initially by any method, including but not limited to, dipping, spin coating, sputtering, or thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD).

Abstract: An ink jet head has a head substrate including discharge elements for discharging ink, with an electric wiring board being electrically connected to the head substrate, in which the periphery of the head substrate is sealed with a first sealant, and an electric splice between the head substrate and the electric wiring board is sealed with a second sealant. The first and second sealants contain the same base resin and curing agent, and the second sealant shows higher hardness than the first sealant after curing. This ink jet head is free from problems such as cavities and fissures at the boundary of the two sealants caused by a difference in linear expansion coefficients.

Abstract: A circular saw blade includes a ceramic coating applied to opposing major surfaces in an outer margin of the circular saw blade where cutting teeth of the saw blade are arranged in spaced-apart relation and separated by blade tooth gullets. The ceramic coating inhibits abrupt increases in temperature of the outer margin during cutting operation to thereby inhibit the cutting teeth from deviating laterally. Methods of making saw blades include applying a ceramic coating to the outer margin using a plasma spray process or another coating process.

Abstract: A gas-liquid contact body for use in a gas-liquid contact apparatus is formed of a plurality of facially opposed corrugated sheets with the corrugations in alternate sheets being disposed in parallel to form a plurality of criss-crossing channels for gas and liquid. The contact body has an air inlet side including an air inlet portion which is coated with a water-impermeable hydrophilic material whose density on the surface of the sheets decreases from a maximum at the edge of the sheets downstream within the air inlet portion to leave progressively increasing areas of said sheet exposed to air.

Abstract: An article comprising a roll of tape having a coating composition disposed on a first edge face is disclosed herein. A coating composition may be disposed on a second edge face that opposes the first edge face. The coating compositions may be cured. A method for edge coating the roll of tape is also disclosed herein, as well as a method for coating a plurality of articles having different dimensions.

Abstract: According to an exemplary embodiment, a pointer includes an indicator portion including an arm of transparent material and a margin that projects laterally from the arm, the indicator portion also including a rear face that defines thereon a central zone corresponding to the arm and a peripheral zone corresponding to the margin. The rear face includes a first coating of a first color to cover the central zone only and a second coating of a second color to cover at least the peripheral zone.

Abstract: New baffles and methods of using these baffles are provided. The baffles comprise a body having an edge wall configured to direct the flow of a composition against a substrate (e.g., silicon wafer) edge. The edge wall comprises a vertical surface, a curved sidewall coupled to the vertical surface, and a lip coupled to the curved sidewall. A preferred baffle is annular in shape and formed from a synthetic resinous composition. Even more preferably, the baffle is not formed of a metal. The inventive methods comprise positioning the baffle adjacent a substrate during a spin coating process so that the edge wall causes the composition to cover the edges of the substrate and preferably a portion of the back side of the substrate.

Abstract: A non-contact edge coating apparatus applies coating material to an edge of a non-circular solar cell substrate without physical contact. The apparatus may include a rotatable substrate support configured to hold the substrate. The apparatus may further include an applicator configured to receive a coating material and apply the coating material to an edge of the substrate while the substrate is rotated without any portion of the applicator physically touching the edge of the substrate. The substrate support may be mechanically coupled to a cam, which contacts a follower mechanically coupled to the applicator. A variety of coating materials may be employed with the apparatus including hot melt ink and UV curable plating resist.

Abstract: An optical element includes glass substrates adhered to surfaces of a birefringent material film through an adhesive. The optical element has a coating for moisture-proof. The moisture-proof treatment is performed by applying a mixed solution of a soluble fluorine resin and an ethylenic compound to end surfaces of the glass substrates and the birefringent material film. Otherwise, the optical element is dipped in a solution prepared by mixing a soluble fluorine resin and an ethylenic compound in a predetermined mixing ratio, so as to moisture-proof the end surfaces of the glass substrates and the birefringent material film. The birefringent material film is a phase difference film. The soluble fluorine resin is an amorphous fluorine resin. The ethylenic compound is PTFE.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a bed liner for a truck bed. The method comprises providing a truck bed, applying a masking device to an orifice in the truck bed, retaining the masking device in the orifice by inserting a portion of the masking device into the orifice, applying a coating of truck bed liner material to the truck bed, and removing the masking device. After removing the masking device, a region of the truck bed surrounding the orifice is free of the truck bed liner material. The orifice may include a nut. A portion of the masking device can be inserted into the nut. The masking device may include a clip.

Abstract: A method for coating a liquid sealant (61) at a periphery of a gas flow path and a water flow path on a separator for a fuel cell (57), including the steps of, at a coating-start portion (63) of the sealant, making a nozzle portion (33) provided at the sealant coating apparatus (24) be nearer to the separator than at portions other than the coating-start portion, and moving the nozzle portion at a horizontal moving velocity which is slower than at the portions other than the coating-start portion. By making the nozzle portion be near to the separator, pressing force pressing the sealant which is discharged from the nozzle portion against the separator becomes large, and turning up of a distal end portion of the sealant can be prevented by making the sealant adhere more to the separator. Further, by lowering the horizontal moving velocity of the nozzle portion, the sealant can be coated at a more uniform thickness.

Abstract: A method of forming a spacer of double glazing according to the present invention that forms a spacer by applying a spacer forming material from an applicator head for applying the spacer forming material while the applicator head is being moved by a multi-joint robot along the periphery of the upper surface of one glass plate. The spacer forming material is discharged form the discharge port of the application head in the linear regions of the periphery, and discharging of the spacer forming material is stopped form the discharge port of the application head in the corner regions of the periphery. During stopping of the discharge, the application head is rotated to change the direction of the discharge port to a direction suitable for application in the next linear region that follows the corner region.

Abstract: A fastening device such as a rivet collar that includes a retention element is disclosed. The retention element enhances the retention of a fastener within the fastening device by frictionally engaging the fastener. The retention element comprises a heat resistant base polymer, such as a reactive hot melt, an ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, or a polyethylene polymer blend, that does not melt or become tacky even at high temperatures, and therefore has high stability even under extreme storage conditions. Also disclosed is a method of forming such retention element on a fastening device.

Abstract: When stacking stackable items in layers on pallets, intermediate layers of paper/cardboard/film are often used for preventing loss of the items during transport. Even though the intermediate layers ensure to a large extent that items do not fall off the pallet, it cannot be entirely prevented that some of the stacked items fall off because the stacked items slid on the intermediate layers. Special intermediate layers are known, having a surface coated with non-skid coating which highly counteracts the unwanted sliding of the items in the layers stacked on a pallet. However, the laying of intermediate layers with non-skid surfaces constitutes a problem as the individual pieces of non-skid coated intermediate layer will adhere to each other. Thus, there is provided a method and a sheet dispenser where pieces of intermediate layers are successively dispensed, and where these layers are coated with a non-skid coating during dispensing.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a glazing panel comprises the steps of: a) taking a glazing panel having on one of its surfaces (i) a substantially transparent coating layer having a transformable portion, and (ii) an enamel material associated with the transformable portion of the coating layer; and b) causing an interaction between the transformable portion of the coating layer and the enamel material associated therewith by healing the glazing panel to a temperature above about 300° C. This may render a portion of the coating layer less susceptible to corrosion and/or non-conductive to electricity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, in which when a liquid material is applied to the application surface of an object of application by using a liquid material supply device having a syringe containing the liquid material and equipped with a needle having at its distal end an ejection hole from which the liquid material is ejected, an image of the distal end of the needle is taken laterally by a horizontal camera together with a height reference mark when an ascent/descent drive system of the liquid material supply device is set to a reference height, and the height position of the distal end of the needle is obtained from the difference between the height of the distal end of the needle and the height of the height reference mark.

Abstract: A recording medium cartridge and producing method thereof, such that slidability of resin-fabricated members of different materials against one another can be assured even in conditions in which impacts are successively applied. The recording medium cartridge is provided with a recording medium T and a plurality of resin-fabricated components. A mixture C of perfluoropolyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene is interposed at boundary surfaces at which the resin-fabricated components of different material slide against one another and/or at boundary surfaces at which the resin-fabricated components of different material slide against one another.

Abstract: There is provided a honeycomb structure 1 produced by bonding a plurality of honeycomb segments 12 into one piece via a bonding layer 8, each segment 12 having a number of through-holes 3 divided from each other by porous partition walls 2 and extending in the axial direction of the honeycomb segment. The bonding layer 8 comprises at least one cement layer 10 and at least one undercoat layer 9 present between the honeycomb segment 12 and the cement layer 10. There is provided a process for producing a honeycomb structure 1, wherein bonding the honeycomb segments 12 comprises applying at least one layer of an undercoat on each honeycomb segment 12, applying at least one layer of a cement, and bonding the honeycomb segments into one piece. The honeycomb structure has a high bonding strength and hardly gives defects such as cracks in bonded portion.

Abstract: The machine (4) operates continuously and is a single unit having a prismatic construction and a body with an upper base that incorporates a large rotary platen (1), a number of workstations (5) that are placed in said platen and are provided with diametrically opposite curling and sealing compound lining devices (6) and (7), one or more sets of feeding (8) and discharge (9) devices and common actuation means for these stations (5), internal to the machine (4), which machine may operate with any lids (2) or bases of any profile, adapting to any shape of these by rotating the lids (2) in the workstations (5).

Abstract: A method of detackifying an edge face of a roll of pressure sensitive adhesive tape, the method including contacting an edge face of the roll of tape with a non-free radically curable composition including water and film-forming agent, and drying the composition.

Abstract: A method for reducing the scattered light emitted through an optical element is provided that protects adhesive used to hold the optical element in place from light induced deterioration. In one embodiment, the method includes applying a thin coating of an organoxy metallic compound to a region on an optical element where adhesive will be applied and exposing the organoxy metallic compound to ultra-violet light. Exposure to ultra-violet light converts the organoxy metallic compound to its corresponding metal oxide forming an optically inert, light absorbing coating that protects adhesive used to hold the optical element in place from light induced deterioration.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electron beam apparatus having an airtight container with electron-emitting devices contained therein and spacers provided in the airtight container comprising the coating step of providing a film on a spacer substrate to be the spacers, and characterized in that the coating step includes the applying step of applying liquid film material by emitting from an emitting portion in a predetermined direction to a part of a surface of the spacer substrate facing the emitting portion.

Abstract: A process for producing a casing acting as a screen against electromagnetic radiation, more particularly intended for electronic operational elements, comprising a screening profile arranged in a predetermined portion of at least one part of the casing, said screening profile being made of elastic, conductive material, the elastic, conductive material being applied, by means of pressure from a needle or nozzle, directly onto the portion of the casing part, on which the screening profile is to be arranged, and a casing produced according to said process.

Abstract: The system includes a nozzle, a drive, a metering pump, a supply of material and a controller. The nozzle dispenses material into contact with one or more surfaces of a window sash. The drive relatively moves the nozzle with respect to the window sash along a path of travel defined by a perimeter of the window sash at controlled speeds. The metering pump delivers the material to the nozzle at controlled volumetric rates that correspond to the controlled speeds of relative motion between the nozzle and the sash. The supply of material delivers the material to the metering pump. The controller controls the relative motion between the window sash and the nozzle and controls the flow rate of material dispensed by the nozzle.

Abstract: A thin-walled honeycomb structure includes: a circumferential wall, numerous partition walls disposed inside the circumferential wall, and numerous cell passages defined by the partition walls. A circumferential portion of the honeycomb structure is reinforced wholly or in a part within a certain distance from an extremity surface of the honeycomb structure by a reinforcing material that dissipates or evaporates at a high temperature, and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: A system and method for applying adhesive to at least a first end of a rod-shaped member, such as a cotton swab stick includes a carrier, an adhesive applicator, and a rotator device. The carrier conveys the rod-shaped member or stick in a machine direction and also allows rotation of the rod-shaped member about its longitudinal axis. The adhesive applicator includes an application surface positioned to engage the first end of the rod-shaped member. The application surface includes at least one discharge passage for applying adhesive to the first end of the rod-shaped member. The rotator device rotates the rod relative to the application surface and about its longitudinal axis as the rod-shaped member is conveyed along the application surface.

Abstract: A process for producing a casing acting as a screen against electromagnetic radiation, more particularly intended for electronic operational elements, comprising a screening profile arranged in a predetermined portion of at least one part of the casing, said screening profile being made of elastic, conductive material, the elastic, conductive material being applied, by means of pressure from a needle or nozzle, directly onto the portion of the casing part, on which the screening profile is to be arranged, and a casing produced according to said process.

Abstract: An edge coated gasket includes a base sheet made of compressible gasket material and having opposed faces and an interior edge surrounding and defining an aperture. An edge coating of polymer or other material is disposed on and seals the interior edge of the base sheet and may project beyond the facial planes of the base sheet to define protruding rims extending around the aperture. Face coatings may also be applied to one or more of the faces extending in relatively narrow strips around the aperture of the base sheet. When clamped between flange surfaces, the edge coating engages, conforms to, and seals against the flange surfaces to provide a seal against both interfacial and intersticial migration of fluid past the gasket. At the same time, the inherently good compression failure resistance of the compressible gasket material of the base sheet is preserved. Thus, a gasket with enhanced sealability and compression failure resistance is provided.

Abstract: A method of applying adhesive to major and minor flaps of a container in a siftproof adhesive pattern. A pair of adhesive dispensing guns are moved with respect to the flaps of the container as the container is conveyed past the guns. Electric actuators, such as linear modules or rotatable servo modules, are used to rapidly accelerate the guns in a direction perpendicular to the path of the container along a conveyor. In this manner, rapid packaging takes place and reliable siftproof patterns are achieved using minimal adhesive.

Abstract: A system for controlled dispensing of a material onto an elongated window component. A nozzle dispenses the material into contact with a surface of the elongated window component at a delivery site located along a path of travel of the elongated window component. A conveyer moves the elongated window component along the path of travel relative to the nozzle at a controlled speed. A metering pump delivers controlled amounts of the material to the nozzle. A pressurized bulk supply delivers the material to an inlet to the metering pump. A controller regulates the speed of the metering pump to control the flow rate of the material dispensed by the nozzle.

Abstract: A device and a method used when coating a wafer is described. The fluid coating is provided by an inside coating as well as an edge coating. The fluid chocolate in a container is stirred by displacing a vat up and down. During this displacement, the vat will be brought in contact with the wafer, so the chocolate substance, which is provided in there, provides an edge coating. Displacement of the first vat provides a repression of the chocolate substance, which through a nozzle is injected into the wafer in order to provide an inside coating. By repression, a pumping occurs, which is interrupted substantially simultaneously with the edge of the wafer getting in contact with the surface of the chocolate in vat, when it is elevated up towards the wafer, which is suspended in a commonly known apron conveyor (not shown).

Abstract: The invention is a method for applying a stable, labeling paint suitable for use on an OSB finishing line in conjunction with metal stencils. The labeling paint is water-based and can include opacifying agents, viscosity enhancing agents, surfactants, a polymeric binding agent with a glass transition temperature that is greater than about 25° C., and a debonding agent, which is active on metal surfaces.

Abstract: A paint mask dispensed onto a surface to be protected by finger application, or may be housed in and dispensed from a receptacle with a sponge or similarly porous and flexible tip. The paint mask permits immediate and convenient use by application to the surface of glass or other base to be protected from inadvertent paint, especially window frames and mullions, while prohibiting paint to affix itself to window glass. The painter may spread the mask onto the surface by means of the pad on one's finger, or may conveniently grip the paint mask applicator and drag the tool end of the dispenser onto targeted areas of the surface to be protected. The mask forms a skin onto which paint, varnish, or other coating material may have adhered or contacted and which resides upon a lubricated layer such that it may be slid, wiped, rinsed or peeled away. The need for razor blades or other hard or sharp instruments is avoided.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for manufacturing insulating glass units. In apparatus and method of using the apparatus is provided by which adhesive is applied to the end regions of the insulating glass unit with one or more nozzles while a separate side arm extends from the device and alongside the insulating glass unit having a nozzle that delivers adhesive bead to the side of the pane to be adhered to the frame or sash. Methods are also provided for applying a deposit forming material to the periphery of the panes of an insulating glass unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ceramic honeycomb structural body, and method for preparing the same, which can satisfactorily support a catalyst and can demonstrate superior mechanical strength, even if far thinner walls are used. Said structural body comprises lattice walls formed by a large number of cells 10 which are channels for fluid and a peripheral wall 12 which covers at least the circumference of said lattice walls 11. The outer peripheral portion 112 of said lattice walls 11 located in the vicinity of said peripheral wall 12 (area B) contain a densified portion of smaller porosity than that of an inner peripheral portion 111, of said lattice walls 11, which is located inside said outer peripheral portion 112 (area A).

Abstract: Systems and methods for making sheet media are presented. In one aspect, a fluid-based mark is simultaneously imprinted on an edge and a face of a sheet of the sheet media. The fluid-based mark identifies media parameters associated with the sheet.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrode forming method with steps of arraying chip-style electronic components on an arraying flat bed thereby positioning and aligning the components, lowering a film coated with an adhesive in relative manner together with an adhering top plate parallel to the arraying flat bed thereby adhering ends of the positioned and aligned chip-style electronic components to the adhesive, then lowering the first film to which the chip-style electronic components are adhered in relative manner together with a coating top plate parallel to a coating flat bed provided with a conductive paste layer of a constant thickness thereby pressing the other ends of the chip-style electronic components to the coating flat bed and coating the ends of the electronic components with the conductive paste.

Abstract: So as to reinforce a panel made of cellulosic fiberboard, bands of a reinforcing material, which is cementitious, are applied via spraying, as the panel is being conveyed, so as to cover a minor portion of the overall area of a given one of the expansive surfaces, and the panel is devoid of the reinforcing material except at the bands. The bands include two diagonal bands, each of which extends between diagonally opposite corners of the given one of the expansive surfaces, two longitudinal bands, each of which extends along a respective one of the longitudinal edges of the given one of the expansive surfaces, and two transverse bands, each of which extends along a respective one of the transverse edges of the given one of the expansive surfaces.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure in which the structure has a reinforced part having been loaded with a cordierite powder at least on one end surface of the frontal openings of the substrate of a honeycomb structure made of cordierite. This honeycomb structure does not decrease merits of a small pressure loss and the like as a thin-walled honeycomb structure, and is also excellent in abrasive resistance of the end surfaces of the frontal openings.

Abstract: Method for producing cutting tools provides a first hard material coating on a first region of a tool base body containing at least one cutting edge, using a plasma vacuum coating process. A second hard material coating is provided on a second region which is adjacent the first, also via plasma vacuum coating process. Hard material for the coatings is a carbide, oxide, oxicarbide, nitride, nitrocarbide, oxinitride or nitrooxicarbide of at least two of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Al. The first coating has a content of at least two of the metal elements which is at most 2 at % different from the content of the two metal elements in the second coating if the tool is for higher adhesive strength than hardness. The first coating has a content of the two metal elements that is different from the content of the two metal elements of the second coating by more than 2 at % if the tool is for higher hardness than high adhesive strength.