Abstract: An improved method for fixing color of a dyed textile fabric by coating a dyed textile with an acrylamide polymer which has been reacted with glyoxal at a mole ratio of glyoxal to polymer of at least 0.8:1. Preferably the dyed textile fabric has been pre-coated with an anionic polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the controlled placement of a curable, shear thinnable polymer composition into a porous web. The controlled placement is performed by applying tension to the porous web. The polymer composition is applied onto a surface of the web. The composition is shear thinned sufficiently to reduce its viscosity and selectively place it into the tensioned web to encapsulate at least some of the structural elements of the web, leaving most of the interstitial spaces of the porous web open. The invention also relates to methods for selectively placing the polymer composition in a substantially continuous region extending through the web so that the polymer composition fills the interstitial spaces and adheres adjacent structural elements in the region. In the areas in the web above and below the filled region, at least some of the structural elements are encapsulated and most of the interstitial spaces are open.

Abstract: A process of making a coated paper comprises the following steps: 1) providing a paper layer composed of a blend of pulp fibers and particulate material containing polyvalent metal cations, 2) applying a acidified alginate solution of a material selected from salts and derivatives of alginic acid to cover at least a portion of the paper, 3) reacting the salts and/or derivatives of alginic acid with polyvalent metal cations in the paper to form a polymer coating, and 4) drying the paper and polymer coating. The permeability of the coated paper is generally at least about 75 percent less than the permeability of an identical uncoated portion of the paper. The solution of alginate material may be partially cross-linked. The alginate solution may be deposited utilizing gravure printing techniques. Also disclosed is a coated paper and a wrapper for a smoking article.

Abstract: Carboxymethyl cellulose fiber having a degree of substitution of at least 0.1, preferably 0.2-0.5, carboxymethyl groups per glucose unit is derived from solvent-spun cellulose fiber, for example by reaction with a strong alkali and a monochloroacetate reagent. The fiber has an absorbency of at least 8 grams, usually at least 15 grams, 0.9% saline solution per gram of fibre and a tenacity of at least 10, usually at least 15, cN/tex. It can be used for absorbent personal products.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of coating compositions to prepare coatings having water vapor permeabilities of at least 2500 g/m.sup.2 per day (DS 2109 TM1 method) containing(A) a polyurethane containing (1) 0.1 to 75 meq/100 g of ionic groups and (2) 11 to 50% by weight of --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.

Abstract: A method for the production of a composite consisting of cellulose fibers coated with a calcium phosphate compound consists essentially of phosphorylating the surface of cellulose fibers, immersing the surface-phosphorylated cellulose fibers in an aqueous solution containing calcium ions and hydroxyl ions, removing the cellulose fibers from the aqueous solution and subsequently immersing them in an aqueous solution containing calcium ions and phosphoric acid ions, and then removing the cellulose fibers from the aqueous solution. Also disclosed is a composite produced by the method.

Abstract: The textile support for thermo-bonding interlining according to the invention is constituted by a weft knit, composed exclusively of yarns of biodegradable cellulosic matter, particularly viscose, the warp being exclusively of continuous multi-filament yarns.The support was preferably subjected, prior to the application of the thermo-fusible polymer spots, to a treatment of mechanical compacting by passage between a heated cylinder and a compression belt, the temperature of the cylinder being at the most 130.degree. C.The thermo-bonding interlining, comprising the textile support mentioned above, after application of the spots of thermo-fusible polymer, was advantageously subjected to a second treatment of mechanical compacting, similar to the first, the cylinder being heated only to a temperature less than 80.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for producing fibrous composite materials from feed stock formed reliminarily from a gypsum binder and chopped cellulose fibers, and saturating the mixture with water to the extent of at least 1.2 times its normal hydrated state, and beating the material to provide a fleece that is then spread on a flat surface and subjected to pressure for a sufficient length of time to drive out a substantial portion of the moisture from the product. The compression step is carried out long enough to achieve a bulk density of approximately 9/10 the dry bulk density of the components prior to hydration.

Abstract: A porous fibrous sheet material for use in the manufacture of food casings and the like is pressed prior to bonding and is bonded with about 10% by weight or less of a non-viscose bonding agent. The pressed and bonded material can be used to form casings having characteristics of thinness and elasticity similar to the thinness and elasticity of viscose-bonded casings, without the environmental problems associated therewith. The non-viscose bonding agent will result in significantly less shrinkage in the base web than results from viscose bonding.

Abstract: A method for imparting flame resistance to fabric articles comprising natural or regenerated fibers is provided for. The method comprises: applying a detergent solution to fabric articles; rinsing the detergent solution from the fabric articles; applying an aqueous solution of one or more water-soluble flame retardant compounds to the damp fabric articles; removing excess amounts of the aqueous flame retardant solution from the fabric articles; recycling the excess amount of the aqueous retardant solution for use in treating other fabric articles; filtering the recycled aqueous flame retardant solution; and drying the fabric articles.

Abstract: The invention relates to the impregnation of clothing, specifically Battle ress Uniforms (BDUs) used by the U.S. Military, with amylopectin fabric wrinkle inhibitor and permethrin insect/arthropod repellent in combination. In one disclosed embodiment of the invention, BDUs are loaded into a field laundry, are rinsed with clear water at 120 degrees Fahrenheit, and amylopectin is applied at a particular concentration. The BDUs preferably are then steam pressed. Permethrin at a predetermined concentration is then applied preferably by the "Individual Dynamic Absorption Application" (IDAA) procedure. The retention of permethrin by clothing treated with amylopectin unexpectedly reveals a substantially higher retention level than clothing without treatment by amylopectin after multiple laundry cycles, providing thereby a dramatic improvement in the insect/arthropod repelling action of the clothing over time.

Abstract: Method for the electroless metallizing of fibrous materials, consisting of coating such fibrous materials, before subjecting them to a chemical metallizing treatment, with a uniform film of a polymer which is capable of adhering to the fibrous material, is resistant to the chemical metallizing treatment, and is suitable for receiving metal coatings.

Abstract: A method for reducing the tendency of a surface of a material to foul when exposed to a potential foulant comprises the step of treating the surface of the material with a plasma of a compound containing or generating hydroxyl groups to render the surface hydrophylic but substantially uncharged.The materials may be inorganic, e.g. glass, or organic, e.g. polyamide, and may be in the form of fibers, woven fabrics, membranes or plates. Suitable compounds containing hydroxyl groups include ethylene glycol and water.

Abstract: Method and process using a supercritical fluid, with or without the aid of entrainers (1) to solubilize a monomer, monomer mixture or polymer which may or may not include additives and entrainers, (2) to carry the supercritical solvent mixture thereby created into the wood matrix, (3) to remove extractives from the wood, (4) to precipitate the monomer or polymer within the wood, and (5) to polymerize the monomer in situ in the wood.

Abstract: In a method for bonding a nonwoven web of cellulosic fibers by depositing a polymeric binder on the web, the improvement comprising(1) pretreating the cellulosic fibers by depositing up to about 10 wt % of an adhesion-promoting compound which demonstrates adhesion to cellulosic fibers of at least 200 g as measured by a cellophane laminate test, and(2) depositing on the pretreated cellulosic fibers and amount of an overcoat binder polymer sufficient to provide a bonded self-sustaining web.

Abstract: The receptivity of shaped polymer articles (e.g., self-supporting films of polypropylene) to subsequently applied organic coatings is enhanced by exposure to an electrical discharge in the presence of a chlorocarbon or chlorofluorocarbon gas, thereby providing an extremely thin chlorine-containing surface layer in which the Cl:C ratio is inversely related to the distance from the face of the layer. Preferred embodiments of the invention include tape products in which the primed surface of the backing is coated with a pressure-sensitive adhesive or a low adhesion backsize.

Abstract: Elastomer-coated fabric products having predetermined potential extension in the fabric's machine direction and processes for producing the same. The fabric product of the invention preferably includes an elastomer-coated warp-knit, weft-insert fabric whereby the warp knit yarns provide a first potential elongation (as by selection of the type and/or denier of yarns employed). The fabric is compressed in the machine direction (as by overfeeding the fabric to a tenter frame during production) so as to provide a second potential elongation, and is maintained in its compressed state by virtue of the elastomer coating thereon. The first and second elongation potentials thus collectively establish the total potential elongation for the fabric in the machine direction.

Abstract: A method of preparing a fibrous activated carbon including the steps of carbonizing and activating cellulose fibre at temperatures between 200.degree. C. and 1000.degree. C. in an inert atmosphere, characterized in that, prior to activation, the fibre is impregnated with an impregnating material comprising, in the form of one or more compounds, boron and at least one alkali metal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a film of fiber-reinforced regenerated cellulose having on one surface thereof a gas-impermeable layer and on the other surface thereof a gas-permeable layer, the gas-permeable layer comprising a plurality of linear discontinuities running parallel to one another, distributed across the surface of the layer. Preferably, both the gas-permeable layer and the gas-impermeable layer comprise a vinylidene group-containing copolymer. Also disclosed is a process for producing the film and a seamed tubular casing, preferably a sausage casing, made from the film.

Abstract: Methods for coating acoustical surfaces without substantially clogging the pores and reducing the sound absorption characteristics. The compositions applied to the surfaces of the acoustical materials in the coating method comprise an aqueous mixture containing a disinfectant, a pigment such as titanium dioxide, a quaternary ammonium compound of the following formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon containing from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, and an air freshener.

Abstract: A process and composition for inhibiting discoloration and the formation of black spots upon a cellulose food casing treated with a liquid smoke solution derived from natural wood and containing smoke color, odor and flavor constituents, comprising contacting the food casing with an agent having the ability to prevent the progressive oxidation of metals.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for rendering textiles or barrier fabric material flame retardant and smolder resistant with a flame retardant and smolder resistant composition comprised of an aminophosponate ester in combination with a thermosetting, nitrogen-containing resin and preferably a reactive elastomeric latex.

Abstract: A coated plastic film possessing good printability slip properties, oxygen and moisture barrier properties and transparency which comprises applying to a plastic film a coating solution of a thermoplastic resin as base resin in which a synthetic resin of a network structure having a softening temperature above 100.degree. C. and being in the form of a fine powder are added, and drying thereafter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tubular packaging material for sausage casings, comprising a carrier tubing comprised of cellulose hydrate and containing in its wall from about 5 to 12% by weight of water and from about 18 to 28% by weight of a plasticizer; and a coating on the inside and on the outside of the carrier tubing of a water-insoluble heat-cured synthetic condensation product wherein the carrier tubing is characterized by a swelling value in the range from about 80 to 120%, and the tubular packaging material, after soaking in water at a temperature between about 40.degree. to 50.degree. C. for a period of about 30 minutes and subsequent cooling to about room temperature, is characterized by dimensions in the wet state which are 2 to 6% greater than those before the soaking in water. Also disclosed are methods for preparing the packaging material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tubular packaging material to produce a sausage casing comprising a carrier tubing comprised of hydrate and containing in its wall from about 5 to 12% by weight of water and from about 18 to 28% by weight of a plasticizer; an anchoring layer on the outside of the carrier tubing of a water-insoluble heat-cured synthetic condensation product; a film coating on the outside of the carrier tubing which is substantially impermeable to water and water vapor and which comprises a copolymer of vinylidene chloride; and a water-permeable adhesion-promoting layer on the inside surface of the carrier tubing, comprising a water-insoluble, heat-cured condensation product. The carrier tubing is characterized by a swelling value in the range from about 80 to 120%, and the tubular packaging, after soaking in water at a temperature between about 40.degree. to 50.degree. C.

Abstract: A fibrous web carried by a thin film disposed on a conveyor passes under a number of spray tubes which pour thereon a plastic material in liquid form which has been de-gassed under vacuum in a gas eliminating apparatus. The liquid absorbs gases from the fibres and overflows laterally into a lower trough from which it is recycled into the gas eliminating apparatus. The web is thus progressively de-gassed and impregnated with de-gassed plastic material. It is then covered by another thin film to form a sandwiched complex product for further operations.

Abstract: A method for coating a web with a coating liquid wherein heavy coating of the web at the coating start position with the coating liquid is prevented. While a thin layer of pretreatment liquid having a low viscosity and consisting of water and/or organic solvent is applied at the coating start position and the region around the coating start position on the web, the web is fed into a coating section where the web is coated with the coating liquid with the coating liquid applied over the thin layer of pretreatment liquid on the web. With the coating operation carried out with a hopper-type coating device, a method is preferably employed in which the amount of pressure reduction of a bead stabilizing suction chamber is set at value higher than that used for steady-state operation.

Abstract: A process for rendering cellulosic material water repellent that requires no subsequent neutralization step while retaining the desired water repellent and strength characteristics thus provided by selecting a cellulosic material having a water content of up to about 10%, preferably below about 2% and contacting the material with vapors of a lower alkyl silicon halide during which contacting the concentration and temperature of the halide vapor, the pressure within the treating chamber and the contact time are all maintained so as to provide a water repellent cellulosic material having a pH greater than 2.5. In one aspect of the invention, the cellulosic material subjecting to contacting is substantially frozen and in another aspect contacting is conducted under vacuum.

Abstract: Non-thrombogenic material comprising a base polymer treated with heparin, the improvement in which the heparin is covalently bonded with the base polymer through only one acetal bond or hemiacetal bond at each bonding site between the heparin and the base polymer.

Abstract: Cotton wicking material for use in railway journal pads is washed, soaked in a warm solution of polyethylene glycol tertdodecyl thioether and slowly dried to greatly reduce its ability to conduct water by capillary action.

Abstract: Process for finishing textiles of natural or regenerated cellulose, which have been pretreated with liquid ammonia, wherein the finishing agent used is an N-monomethylol compound or N-monoalkoxymethyl compound of 4-hydroxy- or 4-alkoxy-5,5-dimethylpropyleneurea. The process couples a high degree of finishing effect (in respect of improvement of the shrink resistance and wrinkle resistance) with only a very slight effect on the hand and especially on the tensile strength.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a leader or trailer tape for a magnetic tape, which comprises a plastic support member and, on one side thereof, a laminated coating consisting of at least (1) an electrically conductive layer as a first layer and (2) a layer containing mainly a pigment and a binder as a second layer.

Abstract: A process for the pretreatment of cellulose fibers which are printed according to the thermotransfer printing process, which comprises impregnating the fiber material with a solution or dispersion containing a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which x is 2 or 3, A represents--if x=2--a group of the formula ##STR2## or -if x=3 --represents a group of the formula ##STR3## W is a group of the formula --CH.sub.2 --or ##STR4## R is hydrogen or methyl, m is a number of from 1 to 30, preferably from 4 to 11, and n is a number of from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 10, as well as a polymerization catalyst, and steaming and drying the material.

Abstract: A system for ammoniating and curing flame-retardant impregnated single textile yarns by steps including impregnating the yarn with THPOH, drying the impregnated yarn, and ammoniating the THPOH-impregnated yarn by passing a single end of the yarn through a small tube leading into an ammoniation chamber wherein there is located a spool and means for rotating said spool for winding the ammoniated yarn onto the spool, the small tube being reciprocatable to traverse the length of the spool for uniformly winding the yarn on the spool.

Abstract: A hydrophobic plastic support which has a layer thereon comprising a copolymer, said copolymer consisting essentially of an acrylic monomer selected from alkyl esters of acrylic acid and alkyl esters of methacrylic acid, and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a group of the formula--COXROHwherein X stands for an oxygen atom or ##STR1## in which R' stands for a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a hydroxy group, and R stands for a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hydrophilic shaped article of a water-insoluble polymer selected from the group consisting of regenerated cellulose, cellulose ether, cellulose ester and polyalkylene, and capable of forming fibers and films, said article containing amorphous particles of an originally water-soluble cellulose ether prepared from natural cellulose and rendered by chemical modification at least partly water-insoluble while remaining water-absorbent.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording element having a paper carrier, in which the paper carrier has been rendered slightly electrically conductive by being subject to a dose of ionizing radiation of from 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.8 rads.

Abstract: The efficacy of the oxidative treatment of textile fabric surfaces with activated peroxygen compounds is improved by (1) coating the surface, particularly the stains thereon, with an adherent layer of a viscous anhydrous composition comprising a peroxide activator dispersed in water-soluble nonionic surfactant and (2) immersing the coated fabric in water containing activatable peroxygen compounds until the layer has disintegrated.

Abstract: This invention provides a heat-sealing thermoplastic adhesive of a thermoplastic polymer which is resistant to washing and dry-cleaning, which contains from about 0.05 to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of said polymer, of at least one hydrophobic silicone compound.The invention further provides a process for heat-sealing a substrate which has been at least partly hydrophobized with a silicone compound, which comprises the steps of coating with a heat-sealing thermoplastic adhesive of a thermoplastic polymer which is resistant to washing and dry-cleaning and which contains from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of said polymer, of at least one hydrophobic silicone compound, sintering, fixing and heat-sealing.The adhesives according to the invention are useful for the bonding of substrates which have been hydrophobically finished with silicone compounds, such as raincoat fabrics.

Abstract: A method of imparting flame retardant character to cellulosic containing material by applying an effective fire retarding imparting amount of a phosphorous composition to the material and curing the phosphorous composition, the improvement comprising pretreating the material with an aqueous caustic solution prior to applying the phosphorous composition, wherein the material contains at least 20% polyester.

Abstract: A cellulosic plastic article, such as an article of cellulose propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate or cellulose butyrate, is coated with good adhesion of an applied coat by pretreating the surface of the article with an aqueous solution containing an alkali metal and an alcohol, then applying a coating composition comprising a thermosetting resin to the treated surface, and curing the coating.

Abstract: A shaped article, especially a tube-shaped article, including a chemically modified cellulose hydrate and water which comprises:(a) a chemically modified cellulose hydrate which comprises a reaction product obtainable by reacting a cellulose derivative selected from the group consisting of a cellulose hydrate, a chemical reaction product of a cellulose hydrate with an alkylamido-bis-dimethylene-triazinone-tetramethylol, a chemical reaction product of a cellulose hydrate with an alkylamino-bis-dimethylene-triazinone-tetramethylol and mixtures thereof, with a synthetic polymer containing recurring oxyalkylene units and at least one terminal group having the formula --CH.sub.2 --O--CO--NH--CH.sub.2 -OH and(b) water,Is disclosed. Such articles can be prepared by treating a shaped article wherein the cellulose derivative is in the gel state with a solution of the synthetic polymer prior to drying the article under heating. Tube-shaped articles are particularly suited as sausage casings.

Abstract: Process for the transformation of comminuted and modified cellulose ether swellable with water, into a material that may easily be further processed and may thus be used without difficulty in particular in the production of hygienic pads, napkins, bandages, tampons, wrapping papers, insulating material, household papers and similar articles. In said process the modified cellulose ether is attached by electrostatic flocking to at least one surface of a web-shaped hydrophilic support that has been wetted with water and the support is dried.

Abstract: The method of this disclosure relates to the application of a foam layer, in fluid form, to either an impervious or a relatively porous substrate and to the formation of a contoured foam laminate using a relatively rigid foam. The method of applying foam to a porous substrate includes heating the substrate prior to the application of the fluid foam. Upon striking the heated substrate, the foam forms a blow barrier to prevent foam bleedthrough. The method also optionally includes forming the laminate in a die prior to completion of foaming.The laminate includes a flexible substrate, preferably a polyurethane foam layer and an optional lattice skrim located between the substrate and the exposed surface of the foam layer.

Abstract: Process for the transformation of comminuted cellulose ether, which has been rendered at least largely water-insoluble by modification but is still highly swellable with water, into an easily workable material, comprising wetting a hydrophilic support web, applying the comminuted modified cellulose ether to the wetted web, and drying. This invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the process.

Abstract: 6-Hydroxyhexyl perfluoroisopropyl ether is prepared by reaction of hexafluoroacetone and potassium fluoride to obtain an alcoholate which is then reacted with 1-chloro-6-hexanol. One mole of the ether may be reacted with about 1 mole to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide. One mole of 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutanol may also be reacted with about 1 mole to about 6 moles of propylene oxide and then about 1 mole to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide. Both ethoxylates are nonionic surfactants which are useful as antistatic agents and lubricants for polymeric shapes such as nylon films and filaments.

Abstract: A process of forming an emboss on textile material such as blankets, bedspreads and the like wherein areas to be unembossed are outlined on the textile material preferably after the textile material has been washed, subsequently treating the outlined areas with a resinous material preferably having additives such as an affixer and a softener which is subsequently permitted to cure and performing a teazeling operation on the textile material to remove the nap from the untreated areas and finally subjecting the teazeled textile material to a finishing operation to provide a smooth teazel nap of the desired length on the textile material.

Abstract: The method of this disclosure permits the application of a foam layer, in fluid form, to a relatively porous substrate and the formation of a contoured foam laminate using a relatively rigid foam. The method includes heating the substrate prior to application of the fluid foam and forming the laminate in a die prior to completion of foaming. The laminate includes a flexible substrate, preferably a polyurethane foam layer and a lattice skrim located between the substrate and the exposed surface of the foam layer.

Abstract: An improvement in enhancing the moisture attributes of boxboard and paperboard, a coating of a flexible film forming material is applied preferably by means of a printing roller to the surface of said boxboard before any moisture barrier lacquer is applied to the same.

Abstract: A process for making a multi-ply consolidated dry-formed fibrous web having at least three plies, the outer plies are impregnated with a stiffening agent (e.g. starch) and the intermediate plies are impregnated with a sizing agent (e.g. wax/rosin size) to render them impervious to the stiffening agent. After the web has been consolidated by hot moist pressing, its outer surfaces may be further sized and hot moulded.