Abstract: The present disclosure relates to coated steel strip providing the steel with cathodic protection before and after the steel is press hardened or hot formed at a high austenitization temperature up to 950° C. The coating of the coated steel strip comprises zinc, aluminum, and at least one element selected from manganese (Mn) and/or antimony (Sb).

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention can provide a method for producing hot dip galvannealed steel sheet which exhibits high strength, high ductility, and a significant degree of alloying. Such exemplary method can be applied to, e.g., a pickled hot rolled steel sheet or an annealed and pickled cold rolled steel sheet containing between about 0.02% and about 0.2% C and between about 0.15% and about 2.5% Mn, and may include one or more procedures for rinsing the sheet, preplating the sheet with Ni, rapidly heating the sheet in a nonoxidizing atmosphere to a sheet temperature of about 430° C. to 500° C., then hot dip plating the sheet in a galvanizing bath containing between about 0.05% and about 0.2% Al, and then immediately heating the sheet rapidly for an alloying treatment. Such exemplary method can provide an improved alloying speed, improved plating appearance and better plating adhesion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a galvanization process that comprises a residue cleanup step which aims to provide many improvements and facilities to manufacturers and processors of metal wires in general. The process of this invention removes the use of lead of the conventional wire cleaning process for galvanization and incorporates a step with a stearate removing composition which maximizes the galvanization efficiency and reduces lead acquisition and energy costs to heat said lead, and avoids handling of lead and oxide formed on its surface. Thus, the process of this invention makes the environment less insalubrious and reduces the impact of this activity on the environment.

Abstract: Provided is a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent adhesiveness at ultra-low temperatures as well as fine spangles, and a method of manufacturing the same. According to the present invention, a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent adhesiveness at ultra-low temperatures includes a base steel sheet, a composite layer formed on the base steel sheet and including transition metal, an inhibition layer formed on the composite layer and including a iron-aluminum (Fe—Al) based intermetallic compound, and a zinc (Zn)-plated layer formed on the inhibition layer, in which an average diameter of spangles in the zinc-plated layer is 150 ?m or less, and a method of manufacturing the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is provided.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention can provide a method for producing hot dip galvannealed steel sheet which exhibits high strength, high ductility, and a significant degree of alloying. Such exemplary method can be applied to, e.g., a pickled hot rolled steel sheet or an annealed and pickled cold rolled steel sheet containing between about 0.02% and about 0.2% C and between about 0.15% and about 2.5% Mn, and may include one or more procedures for rinsing the sheet, preplating the sheet with Ni, rapidly heating the sheet in a nonoxidizing atmosphere to a sheet temperature of about 430° C. to 500° C., then hot dip plating the sheet in a galvanizing bath containing between about 0.05% and about 0.2% Al, and then immediately heating the sheet rapidly for an alloying treatment. Such exemplary method can provide an improved alloying speed, improved plating appearance and better plating adhesion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for hot-dip coating hot-rolled steel strip, during which the steel strip passes through a pickling station, a rinsing station, a drying station, a heating furnace and then through a molten bath. The final thickness and the thickness tolerance of the hot-dip coated steel strip are achieved by a controlled thickness reduction in a roll stand in the process line. The achievement of the finished thickness is controlled by at least one thickness measuring unit at the outlet of the roll stand, and deviations upward or downward therefrom are fed back in the form of an actuating signal for actuating the roll stand in order to appropriately increase or decrease the thickness reduction. The invention also relates to an installation for producing a steel strip of the aforementioned type.

Abstract: A galvannealed steel sheet obtained by subjecting a base steel sheet to hot-dip galvanization and then alloying the galvanization layer, the base steel sheet being obtained by hot rolling a specified steel. A method for producing the galvannealed steel sheet.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a steel sheet hot-dip-plated with a Zn—Al—Mg-based alloy coating, which is remarkably improved in point of all the burring workability, the liquid metal embrittlement cracking resistance and the corrosion resistance in the welded part thereof, as a steel material favorable for arc-welded structural members.

Abstract: A method for coating a hot-rolled or cold-rolled steel flat product, containing 6-30% wt. Mn, with a metallic protective layer by hot-clip coating in a melt bath. The coating, achieved with increased production reliability, is optimised by the steel flat product being subjected to a pickling treatment in which the manganese oxide adhering to the steel flat product is essentially fully removed in the pickling bath before the steel flat product enters the melt bath.

Abstract: A method for producing a hot rolled steel sheet includes a slab heating step of heating a steel slab in a slab heating furnace, a step of hot-rolling the heated steel slab in a rough rolling mill to form a strip and a finish rolling mill, and a coiling step of coiling the strip around a coiler. The atmosphere in steps from the slab heating step to the coiling step is a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The slab steel contains C: 0.01-0.15%, Si: 0.1-1.8%, Mn: 1.0-2.7%, Al: 0.01-1.5%, P: 0.005-0.025%, and S: 0.01% or less, by mass. A hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is produced by pickling the hot rolled steel sheet to remove mill scale, or by pickling the sheet and further cold-rolling the sheet, and subsequently by subjecting the resultant to hot-dip galvanizing.

Abstract: A method for hot dip galvanizing of advanced high strength or ultra high strength steel strip material, such as dual phase steel, transformation induced plasticity steel, transformation induced plasticity assisted dual phase steel and twinning induced plasticity steel strip material. The strip material is pickled and thereafter heated to a temperature below the continuous annealing temperature before the strip material is hot dip galvanized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for hot-dip coating hot-rolled steel strip, during which the steel strip passes through a pickling station, a rinsing station, a drying station, a heating furnace and then through a molten bath. The final thickness and the thickness tolerance of the hot-dip coated steel strip are achieved by a controlled thickness reduction in a roll stand in the process line. The achievement of the finished thickness is controlled by at least one thickness measuring unit at the outlet of the roll stand, and deviations upward or downward therefrom are fed back in the form of an actuating signal for actuating the roll stand in order to appropriately increase or decrease the thickness reduction. The invention also relates to an installation for producing a steel strip of the aforementioned type.

Abstract: A piston of an internal combustion engine, having a crown section. A wear-resistant ring is formed in the crown section to be used for forming a piston ring groove. The wear-resistant ring includes a porous formed body formed of a first material higher in hardness and larger in specific gravity than a base material of the piston, and a second material infiltrated in pores of the porous formed body and containing 20 weight % or more of magnesium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for hot-dip coating hot-rolled steel strip, during which the steel strip passes through a pickling station, a rinsing station, a drying station, a heating furnace and then through a molten bath. The final thickness and the thickness tolerance of the hot-dip coated steel strip are achieved by a controlled thickness reduction in a roll stand in the process line. The achievement of the finished thickness is controlled by at least one thickness measuring unit at the outlet of the roll stand, and deviations upward or downward therefrom are fed back in the form of an actuating signal for actuating the roll stand in order to appropriately increase or decrease the thickness reduction. The invention also relates to an installation for producing a steel strip of the aforementioned type.

Abstract: A high-strength quenched formed body containing a layer on the surface of an after-quenching formed-body steel material in which layer Zn is a major component and which layer contains 30% by mass or less of Fe, and which layer is present in an amount of 30 g/m2 or more. A quenched formed body is produced by quenching a zinc-plated steel material which includes a zinc-plated layer containing each of Al and Si having alloying-retarding function and readily-oxidizing function independently or compositely, in an amount of 0.15% by mass or more, after heating it to 800° C. or more and 950° C. or less in an oxidizing atmosphere containing 0.1% by volume or more of oxygen.

Abstract: A high-strength quenched formed body containing a layer on the surface of an after-quenching formed-body steel material in which layer Zn is a major component and which layer contains 30% by mass or less of Fe, and which layer is present in an amount of 30 g/m2 or more. A quenched formed body is produced by quenching a zinc-plated steel material which includes a zinc-plated layer containing each of Al and Si having alloying-retarding function and readily-oxidizing function independently or compositely, in an amount of 0.15% by mass or more, after heating it to 800° C. or more and 950° C. or less in an oxidizing atmosphere containing 0.1% by volume or more of oxygen.

Abstract: A method for coating a hot-rolled or cold-rolled steel flat product, containing 6-30% wt. Mn, with a metallic protective layer by hot-clip coating in a melt bath. The coating, achieved with increased production reliability, is optimised by the steel flat product being subjected to a pickling treatment in which the manganese oxide adhering to the steel flat product is essentially fully removed in the pickling bath before the steel flat product enters the melt bath.

Abstract: Disclosed is a steel tube with superior corrosion-resistance treated with plating and a manufacturing method of the same. The manufacturing method of the steel tube includes the steps of: preheating a steel tube formed through a milling process; maintaining the temperature of the preheated steel tube above a predetermined temperature, and creating a reduction atmosphere; melting an Al—Zn alloy containing 55 wt % of aluminum and 43.4-44.9 wt. % of zinc, and plating the molten alloy over the surface of the steel tube; cooling the steel tube; and coating the surface of the steel tube with a resin.

Abstract: A method for a surface being plated locally includes a fixture for holding at least a work piece and the fixture is supported with two opposite lateral walls of a plating tank. Hence, a plated zone on a surface of the work piece can be immerged into the liquid contained in the plating tank for the plated zone being coated with de-oxide layer and plating layer sequentially.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of refining spangle facet size in a hot-dip coated product by applying grain-refining particles to the surface of a steel substrate before immersion into the hot-dip coating bath, to an intermediate coated steel sheet, and to a finish coated steel sheet having a different coating spangle facet size on opposite surfaces.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a steel surface for single-dip aluminium-rich zinc galvanizing. The process steps comprise: cleaning the surface so as to obtain less than 0.6 ?g/cm2 residual dirt; pickling the surface; applying a protective layer to the surface by immersion in a flux solution comprising bismuth. This invention also relates to a continuous steel product coated with a layer of metallic bismuth.

Abstract: An improved protective coating, for parking meters or other equipment that is subject to environmental deterioration and/or vandalism, having thereon at least a three layer coating of a composite thickness sufficiently thick to avoid pinholes and sufficiently thin to avoid crazing and cracking due to variations in the ambient environment. The coating has a conventional lower layer of zinc on or proximate to the equipment surface (in the alternative the substrate may be a zinc part); a second layer of a thermosetting polymer that has been applied by a powder coating electrostatic method, and a third, top, coating of an epoxysiloxane polymer. The total coating thickness should preferably not exceed about 6 mils.

Abstract: In a process of hot dip coating of metal strips, in particular, of a hot rolled steel strip, in which the metal strip is transformed into a continuous strip in an unwinding station with an adjoining welding machine, and then the continuous strip is subjected to a downstream modifying process including primary and secondary prickling and, in the final treatment step; in the hot dip coating section, guiding the continuous strip through a melt bath, a variable coating process with reduced costs becomes possible when the continuous strip, in a first treatment step, is directly transported into a pickling installation. In a suitable installation for effecting the process, the primary pickling installation is located in the entry section which is separated from the hot dip coating section by an entry accumulator.

Abstract: A multi-layer solid structure and method for forming a thermal interface between a microelectronic component package and a heat sink so that the structure has a total thermal resistance of no greater than about 0.03° C.-in2/W at a pressure of less than 100 psi. The structure comprises at least two metallic layers each of high thermal conductivity with one of the two layers having phase change properties for establishing low thermal resistance at the interface junction between the microelectronic component package and the heat sink.

Abstract: A method for hot dip galvanizing of hot-rolled steel strip, wherein in a first method step, the strip (50) is introduced into a pickling station (10-13) and a layer of scale and reaction products are removed from the strip surface in the pickling station. In another method step, the strip (50) is introduced into a rinsing station (21-23) and residues of the pickle and pickling products are removed from the strip surface in the rinsing station, and subsequently the strip is introduced into a drying station and is dried. And from there, in another method step, the strip is introduced into a furnace (40) and is adjusted to galvanizing temperature under a protective gas atmosphere. In a last method step, the strip is guided through a galvanizing bath and the surface of the (50) is coated with a hot dip galvanizing layer in the galvanizing bath, wherein the strip temperature in the furnace (40) is adjusted at most to 50° K. above immersion temperature of the strip (50) into the zinc bath.

Abstract: In a method for the pretreatment of work pieces having a surface made of aluminium or aluminium alloys, for non-cutting shaping and/or the connection by welding or gluing to work pieces as well as for a subsequent permanent corrosion-preventing treatment, the work pieces are subjected to a three-stage treatment by a) rinsing with an aqueous, acidic solution containing a mineral acid, b) rinsing with water, c) bringing them into contact with an aqueous, acidic solution which is chromium-free and polymer-free and contains Ti and Zr as complex fluorides in a weight ratio of Ti:Zr of 2:1 to 1:2, in such a way that, after the subsequent drying off, a layer weight of 2 to 15 mg/m2 (calculated as Ti/Zr metal) results, wherein depending on the type of application, solutions having different concentrations and different pH values are used.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating a liquid gallium or gallium alloy surface for prolonged use as a liquid mirror. The method of the invention comprises the steps of (a) contacting the surface of liquid gallium or gallium alloy with an aqueous solution of a halogenic acid to cause dissolution of any gallium oxide present on the surface, thereby obtaining an oxide-free liquid gallium or gallium alloy surface covered with a layer of the acid solution; (b) adding to the acid solution an aqueous solution of a surfactant present in an amount to form a single bimolecular layer of surfactant at an interface between the liquid gallium or gallium alloy and water; and (c) allowing a uniform passivating oxide layer to gradually form on the oxide-free liquid gallium or gallium alloy surface, the passivating oxide layer having surface irregularities smaller than 40 nm.

Abstract: A zinc coating directly covers a bare ferrous base of parking meter housing parts. A non-epoxy thermosetting electrically insulating organic non-epoxy powder coating directly covers the zinc coating. The organic coating is directly applied to the zinc coating by electrostatically charging the powder and parts with opposite d.c. voltage polarities and by heating the powder so it adheres to and covers the zinc coating. Alternatively, the base is zinc, directly covered by the organic powder coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to galvanized steel having a high aluminum content in the coating, as well as a batch hot-dip galvanization process for making such steel. The galvanized steel herein has a coating comprising an inner layer of intermetallic iron aluminum compounds, such as Fe2Al5 (which may have some zinc present), and an outer layer of intermetallic zinc aluminum compounds containing from about 17% to about 40% (preferably about 22%, the Zn—Al eutectoid) aluminum (which may have some iron present). The batch hot-dip galvanization process for making such steel comprises: (a) fluxing the steel by electroless plating on the surface of the steel of a metal such as tin, copper or nickel; and (b) dipping the fluxed steel into a molten galvanization bath comprising zinc and from about 17% to about 40% aluminum.

Abstract: A molten metal infiltrating method for infiltrating a linear material with a molten metal, wherein a linear material previously coated with a flux is used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to galvanized steel having a high aluminum content in the coating, as well as a batch hot-dip galvanization process for making such steel. The galvanized steel herein has a coating comprising an inner layer of intermetallic iron aluminum compounds, such as Fe2Al5 (which may have some zinc present), and an outer layer of intermetallic zinc aluminum compounds containing from about 17% to about 40% (preferably about 22%, the Zn—Al eutectoid) aluminum (which may have some iron present). The batch hot-dip galvanization process for making such steel comprises: (a) fluxing the steel by electroless plating on the surface of the steel of a metal such as tin, copper or nickel; and (b) dipping the fluxed steel into a molten galvanization bath comprising zinc and from about 17% to about 40% aluminum.

Abstract: A batch process for making galvanized steel products with a low lead or no lead zinc coating is described. Metal parts are cleaned, rinsed, pickled and rinsed and are immersed in a hot, pre-flux solution and thoroughly dried before they are immersed in a molten zinc bath. The dryer system includes a mechanism for rotating the batch of parts as they are dried. In one embodiment of the invention, a batch of steel pipe is dried by hot air having a maximum temperature of 125° C. The descrambler system rotates the pipe and moves the pipe in contact with the divider apparatus to separate the pipe in the dryer. The pipe, thoroughly dried, is immersed into a molten zinc bath having less than 0.05% by weight lead, and the use of a top-flux on the molten zinc bath is optional.

Abstract: A steel material subjected to preliminary treatments to remove an oxide film on the surface is immersed in a molten flux bath in an independent vessel and thereafter immersed in a molten zinc-aluminum alloy bath in a separate vessel to be galvanized with a coating of the alloy. The molten flux bath consists essentially of 5-25 wt % of an alkali metal chloride, typified by sodium chloride, or an alkaline earth metal, and the balance being zinc chloride. The flux bath may additionally contain 1-5 wt % of an alkali metal fluoride typified by sodium fluoride. The method allows for inexpensive, efficient and one-stage galvanizing with a corrosion-resistant molten zinc alloy of a high aluminum content to produce a smooth, uniform and beautiful galvanized layer on the surfaces of various steel materials.

Abstract: In a method of hot-galvanizing ferrous materials, in order to improve results, there is provision, during the course of the galvanizing, for a step for the introduction of various suitable metals, preferably selected from aluminum, potassium, nickel, magnesium and manganese, which are introduced in the form of their salts.

Abstract: A device and a process for producing thin steel metal bars in which an elongated metal product is brought into contact with a molten metal causing the latter to crystallize. Different materials are used for the elongated metal product and the molten metal, whereby one of the materials is a stainless steel. A temperature of the elongated metal product, a temperature of the molten metal and a dwelling time of the elongated metal product in the molten metal are set in such a way that the molten metal crystallizes on the elongated metal product so as to form a layer having a thickness of 2% to 20% of a thickness of the elongated metal product.

Abstract: A batchwise hot dip plating method is performed by dipping a metallic material in a molten metal plating bath, following fluxing by dipping the metallic material in a bath of a fused salt flux (e.g., a mixture of cryolite and one or more alkali metal chlorides and optionally aluminum fluoride) having a melting temperature at least 5.degree. C. higher than the temperature of the molten metal plating bath, which also serves to preheat the metallic material. In the case of hot dip plating with an Al--Zn alloy, particularly a Zn/55% Al/0.5-2% Si alloy, a bare spot-free plated coating having good appearance can be formed by a reduced duration of dipping in the plating bath without post-plating treatment to remove flux residues. The use of a plating tank having a cross section of a round shape such as a semicircular shape or an oblong semielliptic shape, rather than a rectangular box shape, brings about a significantly extended service life of the plating tank.

Abstract: A composition for reducing a copper oxide layer to metallic copper so as to facilitate bonding a resin to the metallic copper is disclosed. The composition is an aqueous reducing solution containing a cyclic borane compound. Examples of such cyclic borane compounds include those having nitrogen or sulfur as a ring-forming member, such as morpholine borane, piperidine borane, pyridine borane, piperazine borane, 2,6-Iutidine borane, 4-methylmorpholine borane, and 1,4-oxathiane borane, and also N,N-diethylaniline borane.

Abstract: A process for producing plated steel sheet comprises the steps of heating a steel slab containing not more than 0.5 wt % C to the temperature range not lower than the transformation point Ac.sub.3, and jetting high-pressure water to the surface of a steel sheet at a discharge pressure of 300 kgf/cm.sup.2 or more at least once during hot rough rolling and hot finish rolling, thereby removing a layer of iron oxide on the surface of the steel sheet. The steel sheet is thereafter coiled while keeping a finishing delivery temperature of the steel sheet in the range of 500-800.degree. C., reducing the layer of iron oxide on the surface of the steel sheet at 50-98 % in an annealing furnace with the temperature of the steel sheet held in the range of 750-900.degree. C., and plating the steel sheet. With the process of the invention, plated steel plates having superior workability and plating adhesion can be produced at low cost, even when cold rolling and pickling are omitted from the production steps.

Abstract: Structural steel profiles such as channels, having a material thickness greater than 2 mm, are roll-formed to a preform profile with corners partial bent, in-line galvanized, and then further roll-formed to final shape. The preform profile has upwardly facing convex surfaces allowing rapid shedding of excess galvanising material. By preforming corners before galvanising, surface elongation in the galvanising layer is minimized and cracking eliminated. This is enhances by constant length bending of corners over preform and final roll-forming operations.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process for hot-dip coating a steel material with a molten aluminum alloy according to a one-stage coating method using a flux which comprises removing an oxide layer on a steel material surface, conducting activating treatment, then coating a chloride flux solution and dipping the steel material in a molten aluminum alloy coating bath floated a fluoride-containing flux, thereby coating the steel material surface with aluminum alloy, or comprises removing an oxide layer on a steel material surface, adjusting surface roughness, conducting activating treatment and dipping the steel material in a molten Al--Zn--Si alloy or Al--Si alloy coating bath floated a flux added an iron component, thereby coating the steel material surface with Al--Zn--Si alloy or Al--Si alloy to adhere a large amount thereof and a aluminum alloy coating bath.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant metal strip and method for making the same which is essentially lead free and is not highly reflective. The coating on the metal strip is a two-phase metallic coating comprised of tin and zinc and a very low weight percentage of lead. The coating alloy may also include antimony, bismuth and copper to improve the coating process and/or improve the properties of the tin and zinc coating. A metal layer may also applied to the surface of the metal strip prior to applying the metallic alloy coating.

Abstract: A solid lubricant application procedure is combined in-line with a steel strip processing method which comprises processing steps upstream and downstream of the lubricant application procedure. The latter comprises applying the lubricant material in molten form or as a solution and may include temperature adjusting steps both upstream and downstream of the lubricant material-applying step. The space for incorporating the lubricant application procedure into the steel strip processing line is limited. The strip speed in the lubricant application procedure is synchronized with the strip speed normally attained in the steel strip processing method in the absence of an in-line lubricant application procedure. The steps of the lubricant application procedure are constrained to accommodate the space limits and strip speed synchronization requirement imposed on the lubricant application procedure when it is combined in-line with the steel strip processing method.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a process for manufacturing galvannealed steel sheets exhibiting excellent anti-powdering property when press formed, and uniform frictional properties in a coil. A steel strip is galvanized in a bath having a low aluminum content after entering it at a high temperature as defined in relation to the aluminum content of the both, so that the formation of a .zeta. phase may be promoted. Then, the strip is heated for alloying in a high-frequency induction heating furnace so as to have a temperature not exceeding 495.degree. C. when leaving the furnace to yield a plated steel strip having a coating containing a uniformly distributed .zeta. phase. After such heat treatment and cooling, the strip can be plated with an iron or iron-alloy top coating having an iron content of at least 50% and a coating weight of at least 1 g/m.sup.2 to achieve an improved press formability.

Abstract: A method for producing zinc coated steel sheet comprises the steps of: forming a Ni--P alloy coating layer containing P of 8 to 15 wt. % on at least one surface of a steel sheet; heat-treating the steel sheet coated with the alloy layer in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to form an Fe--Ni--P diffused alloy layer at an interface of the steel sheet and the alloy coating layer; and zinc coating the steel sheet coated with the diffused alloy layer to form a zinc coating layer.

Abstract: A process of producing a hot dipped wire. During the wire drawing, the base wire is passed over a passage surface made of a non-iron material. After steam heating, cleaning and drying steps, the wire is heated in an atmosphere of a reducing gas for effectively removing an oxide layer on the surface of the wire and for preheating the wire to accelerate a reaction between the wire and a molten hot dipping metal used in the subsequent hot dipping step.

Abstract: A process of producing a hot dipped wire. During the wire drawing by the use of a water soluble lubricant, the base wire is passed over a passage surface made of a non-iron material. The drawn wire is heated in an atmosphere of a reducing gas for effectively removing an organic residue such as the lubricant and/or an oxide such as an iron oxide, inevitably adhered to the surface of the wire, and for annealing and for preheating the wire to accelerate a reaction between the wire and a molten hot dipping metal used in a subsequent hot dipping step.

Abstract: Steel alloys containing chromium may be hot dip aluminized in a bath having up to 15% silicon with improved wettability by using a bright preannealing practice in a box furnace having a substantially pure hydrogen atmosphere. The surfaces of the preannealed steel are easily coated if the box annealing furnace has a dew point of less than -60.degree. C. (-75.degree. F.). The preannealing should also include a minimum soak of at least 1 hour at a temperature of 675.degree. C. to 785.degree. C. (1250.degree. F. to 1450.degree. F.). It is important that the surfaces of the strip after preannealing are not removed prior to aluminizing. During the aluminizing operation, the strip temperature does not need to be heated to much above the bath temperature since the strip has already been preannealed. The furnace is maintained to avoid oxidation with an atmosphere which is typically a nitrogen, hydrogen or a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture.

Abstract: An electrical interconnection substrate (20) is prepared to receive both wire bonded and soldered connections (60,64,66) by forming a dielectric solder mask (30) over the substrate (20), with openings (36) in the mask (30) to expose the contact pads (22) for which soldered connections are desired. The substrate (20) is exposed to a molten solder alloy (44) in a wave soldering process that dissolves the wire bonding material (28) (preferably gold) from the exposed pads (22) and deposits solder bonding pads (52) in its place. Excess solder is then removed from the substrate, and openings (54) are formed through the solder mask (30) to expose the wire bond contact pads (22'). The selective dissolving of gold bonding layers (28) and their replacement by solder pads (52) prevents the establishment of brittle gold-solder intermetallics, and the deposited solder (52) requires no further heat treatment for correct alloy formation.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for meniscus coating one or two sides of steel strip with a metal or metal alloy. The apparatus includes a horizontally disposed coating tray for containing molten coating metal, means for maintaining the temperature of the coating metal above the melting point of the coating metal, means for moving steel strip transversely past a departure lip positioned on one side of the coating tray and means for maintaining the level of the coating metal in the coating tray relative to the upper elevation of the departure lip so that an uninterrupted flow of the coating metal can be delivered over the departure lip to a surface of the strip. The coating tray may be rotatably mounted for adjusting the level of molten metal in the coating tray. The coating tray also may include means for lateral displacement for positioning the departure lip a predetermined distance away from the strip.

Abstract: The method for providing a temporary protection against corrosion of a cleaned metal product, in particular a metal sheet, comprises the following steps:applying on at least a part of the metal product an emulsion obtained by dispersion in water of 3 to 13% by volume of an oily phase comprising 75 to 90% by volume of at least one mineral oil, 5 to 10% by volume of at least one surface-active agent, and 5 to 15% by volume of at least one corrosion inhibitor,drying the coated metal product until a dry film is obtained.