Abstract: Normally liquid, omega-hydrofluoroalkyl ether compounds (and selected mixtures thereof) have a saturated perfluoroaliphatic chain of carbon atoms interrupted by one or more ether oxygen atoms. The compounds can be prepared, e.g., by decarboxylation of the corresponding fluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids and are useful, e.g., in cleaning and drying applications.

Abstract: A substrate support and method for reducing the migration of a conductive material is provided. In one embodiment, a support includes a chuck body having a support side and a backside. A guard electrode is disposed within the chuck body proximate the backside of the chuck body. In another aspect, a method for reducing the migration of a conductive material is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of disposing a guard electrode proximate a backside of the substrate support and applying a voltage to the guard electrode.

Abstract: A method of coating a mineral molding includes applying at least one aqueous preparation to at least one surface of the molding, the aqueous preparation including: (i) as film-forming constituent at least one polymer P which is composed of ethylenically unsaturated monomers M and which is present in dispersed form in the aqueous phase of the aqueous preparation and which has a glass transition temperature TG in the range from −25 to +80° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and frictive fluid composition for application to a shoelace knot, whereby the shoelace becomes more resistant to untying. The frictive fluid contains a volatile solvent and a frictive powder.

Abstract: An evaporation system has fluorocarbon polymer-coated surfaces to permit easy removal of deposited metal. Evaporated lead-tin films will adhere strongly enough to a Teflon-coated shield so that the lead tin does not fall off during vacuum deposition but the bond between the lead-tin and the Teflon is still weak enough so that the lead-tin coating is easily peeled off, leaving the Teflon coating on the shield intact. The peeled lead-tin is substantially free of contamination so it can be reused, for example, in a subsequent deposition.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for improving the wettability of a medical device, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a medical device formed from a monomer mixture comprising a hydrophilic monomer and a silicone-containing monomer, wherein said medical device has not been subjected to a surface oxidation treatment; (b) contacting a surface of the medical device with a solution comprising a proton-donating wetting agent, whereby the wetting agent forms a complex with the hydrophilic monomer on the surface of the medical device in the absence of a surface oxidation treatment step and without the addition of a coupling agent.

Abstract: A coating layer is applied to a semiconductor device fabrication equipment, specifically, to a sidesurface of an inventive target. Characteristics of the coating layer promote adhesion of sputtered particles which may accumulate on the deposition equipment surface. The coating layer therefore reduces the probability that sputtered particles will flake or crumble from the equipment and contaminate a substrate being processed therein.

Abstract: An automated hardfacing system useful for hardfacing roller cones is disclosed. The automated system includes a robot with an arm, a positioner, and a controller which co-ordinates the alignment of the robot and the positioner. The robot holds a hardfacing torch and is capable of movement in three axes of movement. These axes are the x, y, and z axes of the Cartesian co-ordinate system. The positioner holds a roller cone and is capable of movement in at least two axes of movement. The movement includes tilting and rotation about a Cartesian axis. The hardfacing coating produced by the automated system has improved quality and consistency as compared to the one obtained by a manual process.

Abstract: A system and method for modularly interfacing wet components of a coating apparatus to the remainder of the coating apparatus comprising a station whereupon a substrate is located. A fluid cart houses the wet components of the apparatus which comprise a dispensing head in fluid connection to the fluid cart. The fluid cart can be connected to a station and a variety of different types of coating operations subsequently performed. The fluid can be readily disconnected from the station after the coating operation is complete, permitting a different fluid cart to be attached to the same station. The first fluid cart can then receive required servicing without idling the station to which it had been attached. Various embodiments of the means for coating the substrate and powering and controlling equipment of the coating apparatus are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to allowing a work piece to stabilize in regard to temperature and humidity/water content prior to precision operations so as to minimize any problems resulting from dimensional changes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stable composition of water-soluble organosiloxanes obtained by reacting a) a water-soluble amino-functional alkoxysilane with at least one water-insoluble alkenyl-functional alkoxysilane b) by adding water to form a mixture, and c) removing the alcohol formed during step b) from the mixture, where the amino-functional alkoxysilane and the water are used in the reaction at least in amounts such that substantially all of the alkoxy groups of the water-insoluble silane can react and such that when a resulting composition is diluted with water, essentially no alcohol is liberated by hydrolysis, and the composition, during an/or after the reaction, has a pH of from 2 to 6, the pH being preferably adjusted by adding an organic or inorganic, optionally aqueous, acid. In addition, the present invention discloses a process for the preparation of such a composition and also its use.

Abstract: Linear organopolysiloxanes containing alpha, omega terminal Si bonded omega-alkenyl groups or alpha, omega Si bonded H are prepared via hydrosilylation.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, and agricultural compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of certain alkylated aminoether compounds of the structure R—HN(CH2)p[O(CH2)n]mO(CH2)qNH—R′ where n is 2-6, m is 0-4, and p and q are 2-6, and R and R′ independently are an alkyl group comprising 5 to 18 carbons, preferably which is branched or in which the point of attachment to nitrogen is on a nonterminal carbon.

Abstract: A process for reducing rollups in gypsum board panels when the panels are laminated with a laminate, is provided. A laminator is provided, as is at least one gypsum board panel, each panel having a face paper layer and a backing paper layer. Each paper layer has a coefficient of friction, and at least one of the face paper layer and the backing paper layer is treated with an agent for reducing the coefficient of friction and water absorbency. Next, a supply of laminate is provided and installed in the laminator. Then, at least one panel of the gypsum board is fed through the laminator, so that a layer of the laminate is applied thereon.

Abstract: A clear crystalline faceted substrate is provided with a coating of a colored transparent ink in order to enhance the appearance of the otherwise inexpensive gem stone. The ink is a permanent type ink made from n-propanol, n-butanol and diacetone alcohol which is soluble in a solution having a isopropyl alcohol 99% strength. Once the coating has been applied to a substrate such as a cubic zirconia to enhance the appearance of the gem stone, the coating can be removed by use of the solvent. A fresh coating of a different color may then be applied.

Abstract: A resin-coated support sheet favorably employable as a support sheet of image recording material is prepared by the steps of mixing and kneading a polyolefin resin with titanium dioxide under heating to obtain a kneaded mixture, cooling the kneaded mixture, treating the cooled mixture to give pellets, mixing and kneading the pellets with a polyolefin resin under heating to give a diluted mixture, extruding the diluted mixture through a slit of an extruder die, and coating the extruded mixture on a support sheet, wherein the step for giving the diluted mixture starts within 30 minutes after the kneaded mixture is obtained.

Abstract: A robotic arm assembly in a transport module is expansible to have an effector at its end receive a substrate in a cassette module and is then contracted and rotated with the effector to have the effector face a process module. Planets on a turntable in the process module are rotatable on first parallel axes. The turntable is rotatable on a second axis parallel to the first axes to move successive planets to a position facing the effector. At this position, an alignment assembly is aligned with, but axially displaced from, one of the planets. This assembly is moved axially into coupled relationship with such planet and then rotated to a position aligning the substrate on the effector axially with such planet when the arm assembly is expanded. A lifter assembly aligned with, and initially displaced from, such planet is moved axially to lift the substrate from the effector. The arm assembly is then contracted, rotated with the effector and expanded to receive the next cassette module substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates in a system and method for handling and processing substrates for magnetic and optical media and other types of substrates, such as wafers and lenses, requiring thin-film coatings. The system includes input and output locks which act as buffers between atmosphere and the high vacuum within the system and a transfer/main chamber which is comprised of a variable number of chamber modules. The system also includes various mechanisms for moving the substrates and the substrate carriers within the system, and components for dealing with the process and environmental requirements.

Abstract: An applicator for temporarily masking stains on clothing includes a canister having an chamber for containing fluid, a water based, stain masking solution disposed within the chamber of the canister, and a brush or a spray head applying the stain masking solution from the chamber of the canister on a stain requiring masking. The stain masking solution covers the stain so that the stain is substantially concealed. The canister has an elongate annular wall having an open end at one end thereof, and an end wall closing the other end of the annular wall. Preferably, the stain masking solution consists of: resin--approximately 10.0 percent by weight; isopropanol--approximately 15.0 percent by weight; water--approximately 55.0 percent by weight; titanium dioxide--approximately 15.0 percent by weight; and ammonia--approximately 5.0 percent by weight.

Abstract: The aqueous compositions for rendering absorbent materials oil-repellent and water-repellent consist essentially of(A) an organosilicon compound,(A1) a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxysilane,(A2) an organopolysiloxane containing C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy groups and optionally groups selected from hydroxyl groups and C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 hydrocarbon groups which optionally contain basic nitrogen, or mixtures of (A1) and (A2),(B) an organofluorine compound consisting of fluorine and carbon atoms and optionally chlorine, hydrogen, oxygen sulfur, silicon, phosphorus and/ or nitrogen atoms, and containing CF bonds,(C) a surfactant and(D) water.

Abstract: A liquid applied waterproofing formulation system comprises separate formulation components A and B which are transportable to the application site in separate containers but combinable at the site to form a blend, preferably a water-in-oil blend, which solidifies into a continuous membrane having hydrostatic head resistance. Component A is an aqueous latex of a natural or synthetic rubber. Component B is an oil carrier in which is dispersed a vulcanizing agent operative to cure the rubber and a hygroscopic agent operative to chemically bind the water in component A. Methods for waterproofing, which employ the formulation system, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for cleaning and slip-resistant treatment of a mineral floor surface including an untreated outer surface having an initial dynamic coefficient of friction is provided, The untreated outer surface has a residual film formed thereon which further includes bacterial contamination. The method comprises first forming a treatment solution comprising ammonium bifluoride, iodine, phosphoric acid, and water. Then, the treatment solution is applied to the untreated outer surface of the mineral floor surface wherein (a) the amount of residual film formed thereon is substantially reduced (b) the initial dynamic coefficient of friction is increased by at least about 10%, and (c) bacterial contamination on said untreated outer surface is substantially eliminated for at least about 24 hours.

Abstract: A method is provided for dynamically transporting and applying a liquid to a surface, such as the bottom surface of a printed wiring assembly (PWA). The liquid may comprise an aqueous reducing agent solution for removing surface oxides prior to a soldering operation. The PWA is placed in proximity with the treatment solution held in a reservoir. Gas bubbles generated in the solution dynamically elevate and apply the solution to the bottom surface of the PWA. The bubbles may be formed by a non-oxidizing gas, such as nitrogen, introduced through a porous material. A flat surface of porous material produces a uniform bubble size that allows controlled and precise application of the solution. The porous material and the gas pressure may be varied to so that the bubbles elevate the solution to the desired level. The gas bubbles are short-lived (without surfactants) so that rapid transport, replenishment, and regeneration of the solution can be achieved.

Abstract: The invention relates to an intumescent one-component sealant based on polyurethane and containing an intumescent agent and a vitreous fusible filler. The intumescent agent and the vitreous filler have been pretreated by reaction with an isocyanate having a functionality of at least 2. The sealant is stable in storage and is an effective fire barrier in the event of fire.

Abstract: A convertible packaging and handle unit that attaches to an object to facilitate the packaging and use of the object, the convertible unit including a first portion adapted for attachment to the object and a second portion positionable into a plurality of positions, wherein in a first position the second portion encloses at least a portion of the object and in a second position the second portion is operable to manipulate the object.

Abstract: A polymerizable (meth)acrylate system which can be cured at ambient temperature to provide a conductive floor coating or shaped article. The composition comprises (meth)acrylates and optionally other monomers and other components such as pre-polymers, plasticizers, customary additives etc., in combination with amorphous or spheroidal graphite and/or carbon fibers and/or finely divided metal. Other fillers may be added. In particular, amorphous natural graphite, preferably having the particle size 20 to 1000 .mu.m, is suitable. Coatings prepared in this way fulfill the requirements in respect of DIN 51 953.

Abstract: A particle-containing or particle-forming liquid is spread over the surface of a high density liquid; the particles are aggregated two-dimensionally by reducing the thickness of the particle-containing or particle-forming liquid which has been spread; and the aggregated and formed two-dimensional particle thin film is brought into contact with the surface of a solid substrate to transfer and fix said thin film thereupon. By this method, it is possible to form a two-dimensional aggregate quickly, and form two-dimensional particle thin film of a high quality.

Abstract: A metal-ceramic composite body is prepared by impregnating a porous ceramic preform with a molten metal. A preform (3, 15), a crucible (7) containing molten metal (6), and a channeling bundle (8) of filaments are set such that one end of the bundle (8) is disposed above the molten metal (6) in the crucible (7) and the other end of the bundle (8) is disposed in contact with the preform (3, 15). The crucible (7) is moved up until the bundle one end is immersed in the molten metal (6) whereby the molten metal (6) is channeled to the preform (3, 15) through the filaments of the bundle (8) for impregnating the preform (3, 15) with the molten metal. The crucible (7) is moved down until the bundle one end is withdrawn from the molten metal (6) whereby supply of the molten metal to the preform (3, 15) is interrupted.

Abstract: A coating of india-stabilized zirconia protects a self-supporting substrate rom high temperatures, as well as vanadate and sulfate corrosion. In one method of making such a protected substrate, a coating of india-stabilized zirconia is applied to the substrate. The substrate can be a metal or ceramic surface of a gas turbine or other type of engine.

Abstract: Provided is an improved process for removing hydrogen sulfide from fluid streams by contacting hydrogen sulfide contaminated fluid streams with a novel composition comprising zinc oxide and a diatomite material coated with a colloidal oxide. Additionally, a novel method for producing a composition comprising the steps of coating a diatomite material with a colloidal oxide solution followed by mixing the thus coated diatomite material with zinc oxide to form a paste is further provided.

Abstract: A method of forming a composite material by flame spraying. A composite thermal spray coating is formed by heating and accelerating a particulate material with a thermal spray gun and atomizing a molten metal to produce a combined, high-velocity stream containing both the heated particulate material and the atomized molten metal. The spray stream is directed to a substrate on which the composite coating is formed by a deposition of the materials.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for achieving and maintaining an inert atmosphere as oxygen-deficient as possible in a treatment chamber, having a reaction zone, particularly an irradiation chamber, traversed by a length of material, wherein the length of material is supplied to the chamber through an inlet channel and conducted from the chamber through an outlet channel. A circulating inert gas stream, which detaches the entrained gas boundary layer held by the material, is moved countercurrently to the length of material in the inlet channel and is supplemented in a controlled manner with fresh inert gas in such amount that a given maximum oxygen concentration is not exceeded in the reaction zone and the flow rate of the inert gas stream is controlled, so that the pressure before the exit gap of the outlet channel is the same or slightly higher than the surrounding pressure.

Abstract: Deposition of a first relatively hard material on a second material that is relatively soft using a rotating rod, bar, tube or other body without translation of the rotating body relative to a workpiece of the second material is achieved by positively cooling the interface between the body and the workpiece such that a shear layer at which heat is being generated moves away from the surface in the direction of the rotating body. On removal of the rotating body from contact with the workpiece, the workpiece is found to be surfaced with material from the rotating body. In a second stage the already deposited material from the rotating body may be cooled by a surrounding body of liquid to enable further material from the rotating body to be deposited on the workpiece. The workpiece may be of plain carbon steel and the rotating body may be of high speed steel or a nickel-based alloy.

Abstract: A composition for use in roll roofing membrane applications which comprise:(a) from about 93 to about 87 parts per hundred of a bituminous component having a penetration of less than about 125 (decamillimeters) at 25.degree. C. and(b) from about 7 to about 13 parts per hundred of a hydrogenated block copolymer of a monoalkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon and a conjugated diolefin having a contour arm molecular weight before hydrogenation of from about 105,000 to about 140,000 and a polystyrene content of from about 25% to about 37%.

Abstract: An apparatus to provide a vaporized reactant for chemical-vapor deposition is disclosed. The apparatus employs a heated quartz reactant reservoir, quartz lines, a quartz valve and, optionally, a purge system. The apparatus may also include a quartz refill reservoir and heating means for the quartz lines. The purge system may be a vacuum purge system.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical element comprising: (a) an oriented ferroelectric liquid-crystalline polymer layer which exhibits chiral smectic C phase, and (b) two electrically conducting layers which support the oriented ferroelectric liquid-crystalline polymer layer between them, where at least one of the two electrically conducting layers is transparent. The liquid crystal optical element can be easily made into one having a large area and can be used as a flexible display screen. Further, it has excellent electric field response property and high contrast. Furthermore, the production of the liquid crystal optical element and the control of its thickness can be easily conducted.

Abstract: A method and applicator for applying a liquid material aftertreatment to a strand. Particularly, the strand is glass fibers or filaments and the aftertreatment is an antistat. The strand lightly touches the applicator at an orifice sufficiently small so that the strand retains essentially all of the liquid antistat. In a preferred embodiment, the orifice angles toward the direction of strand movement.

Abstract: An apparatus, process and distributor for providing thin, uniform coating of thixotropic materials on substrates, especially on cylinders. The distributor equally subdivides the coating composition from entry ports to a plurality of exit ports.

Abstract: Spaced apart, hollow, can bodies are formed around a stubhorn and moved past a spray nozzle for spray coating the inside seams of the can bodies. Each can body is received from a conveyor and moved past the spray nozzle at a sufficiently reduced speed to allow the succeeding can body to move into contact with the preceding can body. The spray nozzle continuously sprays the seams of the can bodies, which form in effect a continuous "tube" of can bodies moving past the nozzle. Each can body is conveyed away from the coating station at a speed preferably corresponding to the input conveyor speed so that the spacing between the can bodies is restored. Conveying apparatus at the coating station is provided with a one-way clutch to accommodate conveyor overrunning when uncoated cans are received and when coated cans are drawn away.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer formed by a dip-coating method, a length (H) expressed by the formula ##EQU1## of the charge generation layer is substantially the same as that of a film thickness changing portion of the charge transport layer (where V(t) represents an accelerating velocity from a velocity V1 to a velocity V2, and a substrate is pulled up at the velocity V1 until a time T1 has elapsed (t=T1) after the pulling up operation was started (t=0), is pulled up upon increasing the velocity from V1 to V2 until a time T2 has elapsed (t=T2) after the time T1, and thereafter is pulled up at the velocity V2 until a coating operation is completed after the time T2).

Abstract: A unique inverse processed film resistance heater structure is disclosed. A conventional passivation wear layer is deposited directly on a first substrate, followed by the deposition and patterning of resistive and conductive layers, and covered by an isolation layer and a thick support layer. The thick support layer is then bonded to a second substrate and the first substrate is removed so that a uniform, flat passivation layer is exposed. The result is a film resistor which has a reduced failure rate as compared to the prior art because it is covered by a passivation wear layer with fewer pin-holes and reduced stress.

Abstract: A viscous medium such as a fabric treatment foam is applied to a fabric web by a distributing device extending across the continuously moving web. The foam is pressurized in a first stage and delivered over a long pipe to a distributing chamber of the device where it is distributed over the entire width of the web. The foam is then admitted into a compartment in which it can form a column surmounted by a float to establish a lower second pressure stage and at this lower pressure the foam passes to a pressure generator which forces the foam from a slot-like orifice at a third pressure higher than the second pressure.

Abstract: In a liquid dispensing system which applies a liquid to a product moving past a liquid dispensing applicator, the improvement comprising dispensing a predetermined quantity of liquid per unit length of liquid dispensed by controlling the liquid operating pressure to coincide with a predetermined liquid pressure and by providing a flow bypass line which permits a continual flow of liquid through a liquid flow pump controlling the liquid operating pressure when the liquid dispensing applicator is not activated.

Abstract: Precursors, particularly of non-oxide ceramics, are prepared by special seeding, under carefully controlled conditions. Such procedures can lead to the preparation of unique powders, which may be useful, for example as abrasives, or further processed in special manner to prepare a variety of metal substances. Such procedures can permit final firing to sintered product.

Abstract: A slide bead coating method and apparatus for applying a coating solution onto an advancing web includes an air compressed chamber for keeping a lower side of a solution bead in a pressure-applied condition to produce a difference in pressure between the upper side and the lower side of the solution bead to stabilize the bead. A coating solution which has a low viscosity and good wetting properties can thus be applied onto the web at high speeds and in a thin layer form, and a so-called bead-dropping phenomenon is avoided. Therefore, the preparation of a layer for photo-sensitive materials is facilitated.

Abstract: Fibers coated with polymer are prepared by adding the polymer to a fiber material, typically cellulose pulp, and subjecting the fiber material with the added polymer to impact of grinding forces in a defibrator, typically a hammer mill. The resulting fibers are very efficiently coated with the polymer and are suitable as binder fibers in fibrous materials consisting completely or partially of the coated fibers bonded through the polymer, and as reinforcing fibers in fiber-reinforced cement products. The polymer is preferably applied as a hot melt, and the defibration is performed immediately after the application.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for limiting unwanted vibration-induced variations in coating thickness of coating materials deposited on a moving web by an extrusion-type coating applicator employs a vibration generating electro-mechanical transducer coupled to the applicator that produces mechanical vibrations having an amplitude and frequency that produce a reduction in the magnitude of the vibrations causing the unwanted web coating thickness variations.

Abstract: A slide coating apparatus wherein the angle between the slide surface and a horizontal datum plane lies within a range from 35.degree. to 50.degree. and wherein the takeoff angle defined between a tangent to the coating roll and the slide surface lies within a range from 85.degree. to 100.degree..

Abstract: Method and apparatus for coating a moving web and for independently controlling the coating's width, thickness and uniformity of thickness along the length of the web. A back-up roller supports the moving web on a portion of the roller's periphery. A stationary and pliant smoothing film is positioned adjacent the exposed surface of the web which is supported by the back-up roller. A coating liquid is metered to the confluence of the web and the smoothing film, the metering rate being selected to produce a desired coating width. A pliant pressure generating means, in the form of a membrane or a force web, holds a length of the smoothing film against the moving web with a static force whose magnitude is selected in accordance with a desired coating thickness. The relative position of the back-up roller and the pressure generating means determines the length of coincidence of the moving web, the coating liquid, and stationary smoothing film.

Abstract: Automatic finish coating equipment employs a selectively variable low-pressure or "soft" air or solvent signal to control pushing of coating material through a feed tube from a coating material source to a coating material atomizing and dispensing device. This "soft fluid push" method maximizes the finish quality which can be achieved with coating materials having different characteristics, such as viscosities, in any operation in which frequent changes in coating material characteristics are experienced, such as, when frequent changes of coating material color are employed.