Abstract: A process for preventing the counterfeiting of valuable documents through use of photography, photocopying techniques, or other methods of counterfeiting. The process includes laminating an extremely thin metallic film to the substrate of the valuable document before the document is printed with the area of the metallic film being small in comparison to the area of the document. The metallic film can be located anywhere on the face of the document and a "latent image" is embossed on the metallic film when the document is printed. Embossing the latent image on the metallic film, rather than on the document substrate, provides many advantages not possible in the prior art.A photocopy of a document containing the embossed metallic film does not include the latent image and a color photocopy will be different in color than the original document. Therefore, a lay observer can readily differentiate between a genuine document and a counterfeit document.

Abstract: 7-Hydroxy-coumarin compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein A represents a heterocyclic radical, which can contain non-ionic substituents customary in dye-stuff chemistry,R represents hydrogen or cyano andZ represents oxygen or NH andthe ring B can be further substituted non-ionically,are used for impregnating paper, in particular paper which has to be made forgery-proof.

Abstract: A novel lottery ticket comprising a blush-type coating which coating is characterized by susceptibility to a change in appearance when exposed to either (a) any of a wide spectrum of organic solvents or (b) an elevated temperature. Such susceptibility reveals that solvent or thermal techniques have been used in tampering with the ticket or a pouch package in which the ticket is held. Such tampering is often the result of an illicit attempt to obtain information about the indicia printed on the ticket.

Abstract: Ordinary articles involved in transactions that require ascertaining authenticity of the article, such as wearing apparel, electronic parts, identification cards, or credit cards, may be identified as genuine through use of stimulatable inorganic phosphor compositions. The inorganic phosphors are applied to the article to be identified. The phosphors are excited to store energy therein, such as excitation by application of light as in a radiative photon process, or by application of thermal or electric fields as in a conductive process. The storage may be for however short or long a period. The result of storage is a later emission of real--time luminescence, sometimes called fluorescence, or of time-lag luminescence, sometimes called phosphorescence, or of no luminescence, where energy is either totally stored, converted to non-visible emissions such as infrared radiation, or internal conversion processed.

Abstract: A hidden image, which can be made detectable by rubbing, is produced by applying to a substrate surface a first ink-like material in image configuration, then applying a second ink-like material to cover the image and an area surrounding the image. Each of the first and second ink-like materials contain one of a color-forming pair of reactants which are colorless or light colored in their unreacted states, but which together produce a colored product when brought into reactive contact. Separation of the two reactants is assured by encapsulating at least one of the reactant pair. Reactive contact is caused by rubbing the printed area or otherwise applying sufficient pressure to rupture the capsules, releasing one of the reactants into intimate contact with the other reactant.

Abstract: A valuable document is protected from counterfeiting by applying an extremely thin layer of metal to the document at predetermined locations. The thin layers of metal form a "ghost image" which changes in appearance as the angle of view is varied, making the valuable document easily recognizable by a lay observer. The portions of the valuable document covered by the thin layers of metal reflect ultra-violet and infra-red light making a photocopy of the valuable document strikingly different in appearance than the original document. Counterfeiting the document by any method is extremely difficult as the process of applying the thin layers of metal is one of high technology, not readily available to the public.

Abstract: A method of preventing color accurate reproduction of a colored pattern with color photocopiers or color photography using photosensitive materials having spectral sensitivity in the wavelength ranges consisting of the human visible range and the adjacent wavelength ranges thereto, comprising, forming at least portion of the colored pattern with a color material having a spectral reflection factor curve with high spectral reflection in at least one of the areas of wavelength below 450 nm and above 650 nm so that a reproduction of the colored pattern is in a color not perceivable by a direct human viewer of the colored pattern. The color material also has at least one high spectral reflection peak or area within the human visible wavelength range so that the perceived color of the colored pattern is different from a reproduced color using color photocopiers or photography.

Abstract: Disclosed is an identity card having grid images thereon comprised of a linear grid structure. In various embodiments, the grid depths of the individual grid images differ and can produce several different image colors. The card in a further embodiment can comprise a number of layers which are laminated together around a card core which has a window located therein. A number of variations of grid images can be included and/or superposed in the window in order to provide a security identification system which is extremely difficult to forge. Also disclosed are numerous combinations of grid structures some of which include grid images which may be absorption images and/or phase images.

Abstract: A method of marking plastic lenses to selectively identify a lens by impregnating a fluorescent material into the surface of the lens so that when the lens is exposed to ultraviolet light it fluoresces.

Abstract: A method for making a game ticket, such as for example a lottery ticket, is disclosed in which the ticket has a base sheet and a cover sheet adhesively joined together in peripheral portions of sections containing information used in the game. The cover sheet, along with other materials placed on the base sheet, conceals the information to be used in the game and prevents undetected tampering with the ticket. The ticket is formed from a base sheet on which information to be concealed is printed, and a release coating is deposited over predetermined areas of the previously printed information. Thereafter an opaque material is applied over the release coating to conceal the information in the printed areas, which opaque material is adapted to be rubbed off when the ticket is used. Thereafter the non-transparent cover sheet is adhered to the base sheet along predetermined areas surrounding the sections of the base sheet defining individual tickets.

Abstract: A transparent indicia bearing plastic laminate embodying in one integral portion thereof general information and in firmly bonded relation therewith a second portion incorporating specific data directed to a particular individual and which may be a medical history and a photograph, or as an alternative, product specifications and various other forms of visual data. The novel article of this invention is produced by a minimum number of relatively simple and low-cost steps by locating in one section of a carrier member a portrayal of general information such as organization or corporation identity or the like, and in a second section of the carrier member specific data which may include the individual's medical history and photograph accompanied by a fraud-proof signature, or for other applications, product description and operating data, or if a credit card is the purpose, account number, financial background, photograph and signature. The carrier member is sequentially exposed to a 35 mm.

Abstract: A first method of revealing a fingerprint involves the charging of the surface bearing the fingerprint to a high electric potential and applying finely divided carbon to the charged surface to form a pattern thereon corresponding to the fingerprint.The finely divided carbon may be dusted or sprayed on or may be in suspension in a dielectric liquid into which the charged surface is introduced.In another method the surface is charged while submerged in the dielectric liquid, under the action of an electric field in the dielectric.In another method an electrically charged sheet is brought into contact with a surface bearing a fingerprint and after being removed, the charged sheet has applied to its surface finely divided carbon which adheres thereto depending on the charge pattern remaining thereon after contact with the fingerprint.The pattern of finely divided carbon can be fixed in position by applying thereover a transparent protective layer.

Abstract: Micro-dots carrying indicia identifying the owner of an article and the method of preparing and using such micro-dots. The micro-dots are small pieces of foil of any of several shapes with square being the preferred shape, and having an area defined by sides having an extent in the nature of 0.007 inch. Printed on the area of each dot is indicia identifying a particular owner. The method consists essentially of printing the indicia in multiple units on a large plate with the images being reduced in size by step photographing process, which results in a glass slide having the negatives of the images developed thereon. These images are transferred photographically to a piece of film of the same size which is cut into the individual dots. It is then immersed in a fluid, such as a clear resin, and applied to an article that is to be protected. The article or any part thereof with the micro-dots thereon is retrieved and examined by a microscope to identify the owner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ink formulation which may be coated on a flexible substratum to produce a typewriter ribbon or the like, wherein impressions made from such a ribbon are capable of adhesive removal shortly after being created on all conventional typing bonds and papers, but which impressions exhibit delayed alteration resistance whereby any attempt at correcting or removing the indicia by pressure sensitive adhesive means or altering the indicia by erasing will leave an obvious and permanent indication that a removal was attempted.

Abstract: A fade resistant, visually undetectable identification mark is imparted to an optically clear plastic lens or the like by providing a marking composition comprising a fluorescent dye and a liquid carrier material, and preferably including an inert sublimable solid diluent, applying the composition in a selected pattern on the surface of an article to be marked, removing the carrier material from the composition to leave a solid residue of the fluorescent dye and inert solid diluent, and permanently transferring the dye to a surface layer of the article as by heating. The mark enables a manufacturer to identify a particular article as its product by exposing it to ultraviolet radiation, yet the mark does not adversely affect the visible light optical properties of the article.

Abstract: This invention relates to tamper-proof labels useful for marking objects in a manner such that, if one were to attempt to transfer the label to another object, the label would be destroyed or defaced to such an extent that its transference would be noticeable.The label comprises a laminate comprising a transparent or translucent outer sheet having an information containing pattern printed on its inner surface, said printed film having a discontinuous coating of transparent plasticized organic polymeric material thereon, with said printed and coating surface having a coating of a color containing pressure sensitive adhesive film thereon. The plasticizer in said organic polymeric material being a non-reactive, migrating plasticizer, which is also a plasticizer for said pressure sensitive adhesive.

Abstract: A security paper which contains a security device e.g. a strip, thread or planchette having at least two machine verifiable security features thereon, one of which is a magnetic material, which may be magnetically coded or printed in a predetermined pattern on the device, and a second of which is a luminescent material, an X-ray absorbent or a metal. The provision of several features on one device provides a large increase in document security.

Abstract: A semi-laminated security pouch for a tamper proof identification card is disclosed. The identification card to be protected by the security pouch has a glass bead security coating on a front face which provides an indication if indicia are tampered with on the face of the card. The pouch comprises front and rear film leaves with a heat reactivatable adhesive layer on the rear leaf card-facing surface. The rear surface of the card is centered against the rear leaf for lamination. The front leaf does not have a heat reactivatable adhesive layer thereon since such a layer would destroy the retroreflective visual characteristics of the glass bead security coating. The front leaf card-facing surface does, however, have the bond promoting coating thereon such that when the pouch is assembled, peripheral portions of the front leaf come in contact with peripheral portions of the rear leaf extending beyond the card edges.

Abstract: An invalidating marking appears on photoreproductions of security documents such as checks, bonds, stock certificates, lottery tickets, and currency. The invalidating marking is disguised on the original by use of disguising markings and printing the invalidating mark and the background with different line screen frequencies.

Abstract: Latent fingerprints having a latency of several weeks are applied to paper substrates using compositions comprising trimeric aliphatic acids of at least 30 carbon atoms which are substantive to paper fibers are substantially non-volatile, and are non-hardening, non-toxic and non-hygroscopic. The latent fingerprints are developed as desired by dusting in the conventional manner with toner particles, suitably, comprising magnetic particles in oleophilic matrix.

Abstract: The invention relates to the long term stabilization of proteinaceous food products both for human and for animal consumption, having a moisture content exceeding 50% and preserved against microbiological spoilage by a pH value of 4.5 or below. The long term stabilization of such products is enhanced by the presence of viable homofermentative acid producing organisms, notably lactic bacteria, together with available fermentable carbohydrate. In the preferred process the pH value of a proteinaceous product is reduced to a value in the range 5.0 to 4.0 and fermentation of the bacteria is then brought about, whereby the pH value of the product attains a final value not exceeding 4.5, if necessary with a lowering of pH value by the action of the bacteria. In preferred embodiments of the process a food grade acid is added to reduce the pH of the product to the range 4.5 to 4.0 and the final pH value of the product lies in the range 4.3 to 3.8.

Abstract: An ink formulation which may be coated on a flexible substratum to produce a typewriter ribbon or the like, wherein the impression made from such a ribbon is capable of adhesive removal shortly after being created on all conventional typing papers, but which impression exhibits delayed alteration resistance whereby any attempt at correcting or removing the indicia by pressure sensitive adhesive means or, altering the indicia by erasing and the like, will leave an obvious and permanent indication that a removal was attempted.

Abstract: The negotiable document which may be used, e.g. by airlines includes a cover sheet provided with a hot spot carbon or other image transfer medium and at least one underlying sheet fully or partly coated with microcapsules of a dye intensifier and attractor. When information is imprinted on the cover sheet, the microcapsules of the dye intensifier in the underlying sheet are burst to wet the sheet and, thus, allow impregnation of the image transferred by the hot spot carbon into the fibers of the sheet. At the same time, the dye within the hot spot carbon is attracted into the sheet. The impregnation of the sheet is sufficient to prevent removal of the image from the underlying sheet without first destroying the sheet or mutilating it in such a manner that the defalcation effort is obvious.

Abstract: Security paper which immediately reveals an attempt to alter handwriting thereon by the use of an alkaline ink remover and which is characterized by the incorporation therein of a pyrenesulphonic acid or a metal salt thereof, particularly an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt.Security paper incorporating such an acid or salt exhibits a fluorescent coloration when contacted with an alkaline ink remover.

Abstract: A method of producing a graphic pattern and a graphic pattern for imprinting substrates, such as documents, especially paper currency, stamps or the like, with lines in the form of lengthwise extending color mounds or peaks is disclosed. There is provided a line grid or pattern which is substantially uniform at least in given field sections and comprises relatively closely juxtaposed non-intersecting and non-contacting lines. The ratio between the height and the spacing of the color mounds forming the lines is selected such that when viewing the pattern below a predetermined boundary inclination angle the base of the valleys between the color mounds or peaks is not visible.

Abstract: A method of label installation employing two sheets suitably coated to produce an image on the underside of the upper transparent sheet and thereafter applying the upper sheet to a label receiving surface.

Abstract: An information-bearing article for conveying indicia from one person to a second person in such a way that the information cannot be surreptitiously detected by an intervening person.Thus, the information-bearing means is so constructed that detection thereof necessarily requires some irreparable and detectable disfigurement or mutilation of the information-bearing article. Use of the article in lottery ticket distribution and use in connection with the transfer of highly confidential governmental or business information, are typical applications.The most advantageous construction of the invention combines means to avoid surreptitious detection of the hidden indicia by optical, chemical, thermal and mechanical processes.

Abstract: This invention relates to switch-proof labels useful for marking objects in a manner such that, if one were to attempt to transfer the label to another object, the label would be destroyed or defaced to such an extent that its transference would be noticeable.The label comprises a laminate comprising a transparent or translucent outer sheet having an information containing pattern printed on its inner surface, said printed inner surface having a coating of pressure sensitive adhesive film coated thereon.

Abstract: An alteration-sensitive imprinted article made of a durable, flexible plastic sheet material has two opposing surfaces, at least one of which is capable of retaining an ink coating. A positive design is directly applied to at least a designated area of said one surface of the sheet, and at least a translucent, non-erasable film or coating or sheet composed of plastic material is bonded to and applied over at least said designated area of said one surface. The film or sheet has on the side thereof opposed to that bonded to said one surface a negative design which is exactly matched to the positive design so that the two designs comprise a blanket or continuous covering over the designated area. An erasable ink coating applied over the translucent, non-erasable film or coating or sheet covers at least the designated area of said one surface.

Abstract: These documents of value are printed so as to prevent copying, and particularly the counterfeiting of documents of value, with the aid of modern color copiers. For that purpose, part of the material on the document is printed in an ink containing a specularly reflective coloring material, for example, powdered aluminum. The modern color copiers depend upon a color analysis of the light absorbed by various parts of the document, and do not reproduce true colors when they encounter specular reflections from the surface of the document being copied. A specular reflection on the surface of the document being copied results in a product from the color copier which does not faithfully follow the colors on the original document, and hence is readily distinguishable from an original.

Abstract: This invention provides an article having an alteration-sensitive surface, generally a sheet material formed of spun continuous strands of fine interconnected fibres of polyolefin, which are bonded together with heat and pressure. The surface of the sheet material is degraded by utilizing solvents, prior to imprinting desired information onto the surface, the surface then being easily abraded so as to substantially prevent alteration without permanently changing the appearance of the surface. Preferably, the surface of the sheet material is overall coated, or imprinted, with a contrasting color such that by abrading the surface the imprint is erased and the white or other natural color of the olefin fibres appears, thus increasing the visibility of the abraded surface.

Abstract: Paper for use in the production of security documents incorporates planchettes which have incorporated therein or applied thereto a substance which is capable of taking part in a color-forming reaction. A second substance which is capable of taking part in a different color-forming reaction may be incorporated in other planchettes. When a reagent or reagents is or are applied to the security document to verify the authenticity of the document the substances change color by the color-forming reactions.Examples of security documents which may be made from such paper are bank cheques, travellers' cheques and other negotiable documents convertible to cash.

Abstract: An imprint of inked intaglio pattern elements such as lines on a document of value or the like, including background portions and readily recognizable image portions each formed by pattern elements of the imprint. The pattern elements forming the image portions differ in orientation or depth from pattern elements forming the background portion to provide variation in contrast between image and background with change in angle of view of the document, the pattern elements being so arranged that the image blends visually with the background from one angle of view but appears as a readily recognizable symbol in clear contrast to the background from another angle of view.

Abstract: A method of making an identification card which comprises making any required characters, designs and/or embossings on the base material of the card, further providing a colored layer on the bass material of the card and then engraving the colored layer and base to varying depths in the form of fine lines and and points so that, by regulating the ratio of the surface areas of the engraved part and unengraved part, the differences in the color thickness and luster may be expressed to form an engraved image by which the user can be identified and which image has no projections thereon.