Abstract: Systems and methods for protecting an aerodynamic structure, e.g., a wind turbine blade, rotor blade, aerodynamic aerostructure, etc., are provided. Long fiber reinforced composites having a helicoidal architecture with material aligned with a graded hardness and stiffness are used to develop an efficient and highly tailorable leading edge protection (LEP) solution with longer durability than conventional solutions while yielding lighter, and optionally, more environmentally sustainable solutions. At least a portion of the plurality of plies are helicoidally arranged relative to one another to tailor stress wave propagation speed of the aerodynamic blade and to provide load carrying strength for the aerodynamic blade.

Abstract: A blade is provided. The blade comprises a plurality of a first composite fiber plies and a plurality of a second composite fiber plies. Ends of the second fiber plies are staggered such that interlock between the first composite fiber plies and the second composite fiber plies is formed in a region where the second composite fiber plies end and meet with the first composite fiber plies. The blades are used for an engine of an aircraft.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a radius filler. A lattice is formed of connecting elongate members having a three-dimensional shape of the radius filler. A resin is placed within the lattice.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a nonwoven fabric having an air permeability of 2000 l/m2/s or less when measured at a pressure difference of 200 Pa according to EN ISO 9237, the method comprising the steps of: providing at least two sets of fibers, wherein a first fiber set comprises a significant level of splittable fibers and a second fiber set comprises a low level of splittable fibers or no splittable fibers; using the first fiber set to form at least one first fibrous web in a first web formation process and using the second fiber set to form at least one second fibrous web in a second web formation process; stacking the first and second webs so obtained to provide a multilayer web including two distinct layers of fibrous webs; and bonding the multilayer web. The invention further relates to a nonwoven fabric obtainable by such process and the use of such nonwoven fabric in acoustic isolation applications.

Abstract: A morphing airfoil includes a dynamic flexible skin system that is capable of carrying high level aerodynamic (or fluid) pressure loads over a structural surface. The structural surface can morph and bend in response to control inputs to change a lift force without separate movable control surfaces. A plurality of standoff mounts is attached to an inner surface of anisotropic skin. The standoff mounts include through apertures for receiving a flexible stringer. The anisotropic skin is attached to underlying structure through the flexible stringers. The flexible stringers interface with actuated position control ribs and passive compliant support ribs. A control system causes the underlying support structure to move to a desired location which in turn causes the skin to bend and/or flex without exceeding a stress threshold and thus vary the lift and drag distributions along a span of the airfoil without separate control surfaces.

Abstract: A tackified ceramic fabric sheet includes a pre-preg layer having a fabric of woven ceramic tows and a tackifier compound surrounding the tows and comprising 15% to 60% polyvinyl butyral with ethanol. The sheet further includes a removable first backing film layer on a first side of the pre-preg layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are curable polymer compositions, elastomers thereof and release layers useful in the art of printing made of the disclosed elastomers. Disclosed are also intermediate transfer members having a release layer useful in the art of printing. Disclosed are anisotropic intermediate transfer members. Disclosed are curable adhesive compositions, that in some embodiments are useful in preparing intermediate transfer members useful in printing. Also disclosed are intermediate transfer members useful in the art of printing having a release layer with an image transfer surface having protonatable functional groups apparent thereupon. Also disclosed are methods of making such intermediate transfer members.

Abstract: A method for binding photovoltaic cells to a substrate, each photovoltaic cell comprising a rear face and a front face, comprises: providing the substrate, said substrate being flexible and impregnable; impregnating portions of the substrate with a crosslinkable polymer material, said portions being impregnated along the thickness of the substrate, with a view to bonding the photovoltaic cells to the substrate; bringing the rear faces of the photovoltaic cells into contact with the impregnated portions of the substrate; crosslinking the crosslinkable polymer material.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a cellulose acetate film having excellent bending properties and high transparency. The subject cellulose acetate film contains cellulose acetate having a cellulose triacetate I crystal structure, the cellulose acetate film having a light transmittance of 70% or higher at 660 nm.

Abstract: Semiconductor assemblies including thermal layers and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the semiconductor assemblies comprise one or more semiconductor devices over a substrate. The substrate includes a thermal layer configured to transfer thermal energy across the substrate. The thermal energy is transferred from the semiconductor device to the graphene layer using one or more thermal connectors.

Abstract: Provided is a prepreg resin composition, containing: a urethane (meth)acrylate (A) that is a reaction product of polyisocyanate (a1), polyol (a2), and hydroxy alkyl (meth)acrylate (a3); a polymerization initiator (B); and a thermoplastic resin (C), as an essential component, in which the polyisocyanate (a1) is at least one polyisocyanate selected from 2,4?-diphenyl methane diisocyanate, 4,4?-diphenyl methane diisocyanate, a carbodiimide modified product of 4,4?-diphenyl methane diisocyanate, and polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate. The prepreg resin composition of the invention is excellent in molding properties, and is capable of forming a molded article excellent in various physical properties such as flexibility, impact resistance, and heat resistance, and thus, can be preferably used in a prepreg and a molded article thereof.

Abstract: Systems and methods for infiltrating porous ceramic matrix composite (CMC) preforms to form CMC articles are disclosed. One method may include positioning the porous CMC preform in an opening of a die set for an infiltration system, and flowing a molten densifier over the porous CMC preform in a first flow direction to infiltrate a plurality of voids formed between each of a plurality of ply stacks of the CMC preform. The method may also include flowing the molten densifier over the porous CMC preform in a second flow direction, distinct from the first flow direction, to infiltrate the plurality of voids formed between each of the plurality of ply stacks of the CMC preform. The second flow direction may be substantially parallel to a predetermined, unidirectional material orientation of at least one ply stack of the plurality of ply stacks of the CMC preform.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a polymer composite material by mixing a polymer material with a planar material, depositing the mixture on a substrate, and stretching the resulting thin film, is described. Polymer composite materials produced using said method and ballistic resistant materials comprising said polymer composite materials are also described.

Abstract: A composite structure, including a laminate that includes a set of plies, the laminate extending between a first edge and a second edge and including a rising ramp and a falling ramp. The rising ramp includes a starting point and an upper point and the falling ramp includes the upper point and an end point. Plies are partially located over their preceding ply and alternatively extend from the first edge or the second edge and are shorter than the ply located before the preceding ply so that their ends are stepped successively until they reach the top of the ramp.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, composition and methods for producing a modular, ultra-thin, ultra-lightweight thermal camouflage, thermal signature mitigation and thermal insulation system. The thermal management system may comprise one or more composite layers or combinations of ultra-thin and ultra-lightweight non-woven stealth coated substrates. Each composite layer may be coated with specific components to create different thermal camouflage through a biomimicry application process of absorbance, reflective, protective layering, thermal signature mitigation, and/or thermal insulation system capabilities. Layers can be combined to enable dynamic stealth camouflage tunable performances of reflectivity, transmission, emissivity, or absorption in selective visible, near infrared, and infrared wavelength bands whereby each substrate has a unique EM wave propagation control or thermal signature mitigation characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ball game racket frame with a head portion and a handle portion, wherein the ball game racket frame comprises a fiber composite with at least one multi-fiber roving that is at least partially twisted.

Abstract: Provided is an automobile door (600) including: an exterior material (110); a first impact absorbing member (122); and a second impact absorbing member (124), in which the first impact absorbing member (122) is disposed to traverse the exterior material (110) so as to extend between both end portion regions in a vehicle height direction, the first impact absorbing member (122) is disposed on a vehicle interior side from the second impact absorbing member (124), the second impact absorbing member (124) is disposed to traverse the exterior material (110) so as to extend between both end portion regions in a vehicle length direction, the second impact absorbing member (124) is disposed adjacent to an inner surface of the exterior material (110), and at a portion excluding both of the end portion regions in the vehicle height direction, both of the end portion regions in the vehicle length direction, and an intersection portion, bending rigidity in a vehicle width direction of a cross section perpendicular to an

Abstract: A method of forming a fibre article, comprising: providing a former having a contoured forming surface; locating a fibre preform between a first diaphragm and a second diaphragm, the second diaphragm being offset from the forming surface; drawing a vacuum between the first and second diaphragms so as to hold the preform captive between the diaphragms; displacing the second diaphragm towards the former so as to bring the second diaphragm into partial contact with the former; drawing a vacuum between the second diaphragm and the former so as to bring at least a part of the second diaphragm adjoining the preform into conformity with the forming surface; and setting the preform in its configuration; wherein: the fibre preform comprises one or more substantially inextensible fibres extending linearly in a first direction; the forming surface comprises a concavity and prominences on either side of the concavity; and the step of bringing the second diaphragm into partial contact with the former comprises bringing th

Abstract: A method for producing a fiber reinforced plastic can suppress with which wrinkling or bridging in a convex surface or a concave surface having a large curvature at the same time even if the fiber reinforced plastic has a complicated three-dimensional shape. Such methods for producing a fiber reinforced plastic may involve shaping a prepreg sheet in which continuous fibers are impregnated with a resin material into a three-dimensional shape to produce a fiber reinforced plastic (a); wherein at least a portion of the continuous fibers in an area (X) of the prepreg sheet corresponding to an area (X?) in which the fiber reinforced plastic (a) is shear-deformed is bent in an in-plane direction in advance.

Abstract: An electrically heatable laminated automotive glazing unit including an exterior glass sheet that is curved and tempered and a thin glass interior sheet that is also tempered, these sheets being joined by means of a thermoplastic interlayer sheet. The glazing unit is configured to receive mechanical moving and/or fastening means and a portion of the exterior sheet is not covered by the thin interior sheet. The glazing unit is fastened in the zone not covered by the thin sheet, and the glazing unit includes at least one electrically heatable zone comprising (i) a substantially transparent, electrically conductive coating layer and (ii) spaced busbars adapted to supply electrical voltage across the substantially transparent, electrically conductive coating layer. The spaced busbars are placed in the portion of the exterior sheet which is not covered by the thin interior sheet.

Abstract: A construction of commercial aircraft interior monument employs carbon fiber Spread Tow Fabric (STF) as face sheets (skins) surrounding a paper honeycomb or foam core to produce flat pressed panels of high strength and desirable thickness. Each individual panel is joined with other panels to construct a modular rectangular cubic able to be modularly coupled with additional structures to form the aircraft monument. The use individual STF panels offer a desirable weight and footprint of a fabricated structure as a whole. Also usable in conjunction with other composite reinforcements, the individual STF panels produce hybrid lay-ups for both pressed flat panel and tooled composite moldings offering a high strength to weight ratio of the overall monument.

Abstract: An electronic element mounting substrate includes a first substrate that has a first main surface, has a rectangular shape, and has a mounting portion for an electronic element on the first main surface, and a second substrate that is located on a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, is made of a carbon material, has a rectangular shape, has a third main surface facing the second main surface and a fourth main surface opposite to the third main surface, in which the third main surface or the fourth main surface has heat conduction in a longitudinal direction greater than heat conduction in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and that has a recessed portion on the fourth main surface.

Abstract: A fabric of nanofibers that includes an adhesive is described. The nanofibers can be twisted or both twisted and coiled prior to formation into a fabric. The adhesive can be selectively applied to or infiltrated within portions of the nanofibers comprising the nanofiber fabric. The adhesive enables connection of the nanofiber fabric to an underlying substrate, even in cases in which the underlying substrate has a three-dimensional topography, while the selective location of the adhesive on the fabric limits the contact area between the adhesive and the nanofibers of the nanofiber fabric. This limited contact area can help preserve the beneficial properties of the nanofibers (e.g., thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, infra-red (IR) radiation transparency) that otherwise might be degraded by the presence of adhesive.

Abstract: A fibrous texture in the form of a web includes a first portion extending in a longitudinal direction between a proximal part and an intermediate part. One or more layers of warp threads or strands present on the side of an inner face of the fibrous texture include threads or strands of glass fibers, the threads or strands of the other layers of warp threads or strands including threads or strands of carbon fibers. The fibrous texture further includes a second portion extending in the longitudinal direction between the intermediate part and a distal part of the fibrous texture. One or more of the plurality of layers of warp threads or strands present on the side of an outer face of the fibrous texture include threads or strands of glass fibers. The warp threads or strands are continuous over the entire length of the fibrous texture.

Abstract: Laminated glazings with embedded wire circuits, have many uses. But, due to the higher cost of manufacture, they are not widely used. This invention provides a process to reduce the cost of production for embedded wire laminated glazing. Rather than embedding the wire one interlayer at a time, several circuits are produced on the same sheet, cut out and then inserted into the interlayer of each separate laminate during assembly, reducing the direct labor and capital investment required.

Abstract: A morphing airfoil includes a dynamic flexible skin system that is capable of carrying high level aerodynamic (or fluid) pressure loads over a structural surface. The structural surface can morph and bend in response to control inputs to change a lift force without separate movable control surfaces. A plurality of standoff mounts are attached to an inner surface of anisotropic skin. The standoff mounts include through apertures for receiving a flexible stringer. The anisotropic skin is attached to underlying structure through the flexible stringers. The flexible stringers interface with actuated position control ribs and passive compliant support ribs. A control system causes the underlying support structure to move to a desired location which in turn causes the skin to bend and/or flex without exceeding a stress threshold and thus vary the lift and drag distributions along a span of the airfoil without separate control surfaces.

Abstract: Forming systems and methods for drape forming a composite charge are disclosed herein. The forming systems include a forming die having a forming surface configured to receive the composite charge and a collapsible support having a support surface. The forming surface has a forming surface edge that extends along a length of the forming surface, and the support surface has a die-proximate support surface edge that extends along the length of the support surface. The forming surface edge and the die-proximate support surface edge define a gap therebetween. A shape of the die-proximate support surface edge corresponds to a shape of the forming surface edge such that a gap width of the gap is at least substantially constant along a length of the gap. The collapsible support is configured to transition from an extended conformation to a collapsed conformation. The methods include methods of utilizing the systems.

Abstract: A panel for machinery enclosure, particularly for turbomachine enclosures. More specifically, a multilayered panel including several different layers each performing a specific function. In particular, the multilayered panel is capable to provide high levels of jet fire and fire/blast protection together with high performances in term of noise abatement with a lighter structure with respect to the panels of the prior art.

Abstract: A rotorcraft main rotor system, including a yoke, a rotor blade, and a grip assembly attaching the rotor blade to the yoke. The grip assembly includes a grip body formed from a contiguous laminated composite and has a substantially constant thickness, where the grip body has an upper extension, a lower extension and a connecting portion connected between an inboard end of the upper extension and an inboard end of the lower extension. An inside surface of the upper extension faces, and is substantially parallel to, an inside surface of the lower extension, and the upper extension has first features and the lower extension has second features that are aligned with the first features, where the first features and second features each include at least one of an edge contour, attachment holes, or first protective elements.

Abstract: A cooking appliance, as provided herein, may include a cabinet, a magnetron, an induction heating coil, and a one-way field filter. The cabinet may define a cooking chamber. The magnetron may be mounted within the cabinet in communication with the cooking chamber to direct a microwave thereto. The induction heating coil may be mounted within the cabinet to direct a magnetic field thereto. The one-way field filter may be disposed within the cabinet between the induction heating coil and the cooking chamber to restrict passage of the microwave therethrough while permitting the magnetic field. The one-way filter may include a lower layer and an upper layer. The lower layer may include a plurality of parallel conductive bands extending in a first direction. The upper layer may be disposed above the lower layer. The upper layer may include a plurality of parallel conductive bands extending in the second direction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pressure vessel comprising a hollow body comprising endless fibers embedded in a thermoplastic polymer, in which the thermoplastic polymer comprises one or more polyamides containing one or more aliphatic monomeric units, wherein the one or more polyamides have a CH2-ratio of at least 5.5 and less than 10, calculated by ? identifying the number of different aliphatic monomeric units in the one or more polyamides; ? determining the number of CH2 groups per aliphatic monomeric unit for each of these different aliphatic monomeric units; ? calculating the sum of the so determined numbers of CH2 groups; ? dividing said sum by the number of different aliphatic monomeric units in the one or more polyamides; taking into account only the aliphatic monomeric units present in the one or more polyamides in an amount of at least 10 wt % with respect to the total weight of the one or more polyamides.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sub-laminate module for use in forming a composite laminate structure. The sub-laminate module comprises: a first ply set containing a first ply layer oriented at a first angle and a second ply layer oriented at a second angle, the second angle being equal and opposite the first angle; a second ply set containing a third ply layer oriented at a third angle and a fourth ply layer oriented at a fourth angle, the fourth angle being equal and opposite the third angle; and an acute angle defined by a difference between the first angle and the third angle, wherein the second ply layer is positioned adjacent the third ply layer and the second and third ply layers are both positioned intermediate the first and fourth ply layers, so as to define a double-double helix arrangement. Associated composite laminate structures and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an embedding element (76) for embedment in a shell structure of a wind turbine rotor blade (10), the element having a wedge-shaped part (85). The embedding element (76) comprises a fibre material and a binding agent, wherein the fibre material is at least partially joined together by means of the binding agent. The inventive element provides improved structural flexibility and elasticity resulting in less wrinkle formation during blade manufacturing. In other aspects, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing the embedding element (76), to a method of manufacturing a wind turbine rotor blade (10) using the embedding element (76), and to a wind turbine blade (10) obtainable by said method.

Abstract: A panel for machinery enclosure, particularly for turbomachine enclosures. More specifically, a multilayered panel including several different layers each performing a specific function. In particular, the multilayered panel is capable to provide high levels of jet fire and fire/blast protection together with high performances in term of noise abatement with a lighter structure with respect to the panels of the prior art.

Abstract: A fiber-reinforced resin component comprises a first part having a plurality of first fiber layers impregnated in a matrix resin and a second part having a plurality of second fiber layers impregnated in the matrix resin. The second part is bonded to the first part via an adhesive layer. The fiber-reinforced resin component further comprises a plurality of connecting fibers that connect the first part and the second part. One end portion of the connecting fibers is sandwiched between the first fiber layers, and the other end portion of the connecting fibers is sandwiched between the second fiber layers.

Abstract: A molding system and methods of forming a structure are presented. A molding system is configured to form a composite structure. The molding system comprises a first tool comprising a first vacuum groove, a first trough having a first edge configured to form a first bend of the composite structure, and a first molding surface; and a second tool comprising a second vacuum groove, a second trough having a second edge configured to form a second bend of the composite structure, and a second molding surface.

Abstract: Golf clubs heads having a forward portion located at a front side of the golf club head and an aft portion located rearward of the forward portion and joined to the forward portion. The front portion includes a forward joint section and the aft portion includes an aft joint section. The aft portion also includes an aft rib attached to an interior surface of the aft portion, the aft rib extends, from an interior surface of the aft joint section, in a direction away from the striking face. The golf club head may also include a crown the crown having an areal density of less than 1000 g/m2 and made from a structure comprising an inner layer, a middle layer in contact with the inner layer, and an outer layer in contact with the middle layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a meltblown nonwoven in the form of a sheet-like formation with a weight per unit area of 100 to 600 g/m2 and with a density of 5 to 50 kg/m3, wherein the meltblown nonwoven (10) has at least one spacer (12), extending at least on one of the surfaces thereof and/or at least partially in the direction of the thickness of the meltblown nonwoven (10) and arranged in such a way that the meltblown nonwoven (10) has a compressibility of less than 10% when a pressure of 50 Pa is applied to its surface.

Abstract: A nonwoven fabric 10, wherein, on a side of the one surface, a plurality of longitudinal ridge portions 11 protruding on the side of the one surface in thickness direction of the nonwoven fabric is extended in one direction Y on the side of the one surface in a plane view, and is aligned at intervals on the side of the one surface in the plane view, in other direction X, different from the one direction Y on the side of the one surface, transverse ridge portions 21 extending in the other direction X on the side of the one surface are arranged by linking the longitudinal ridge portions 11, and a fiber orientation direction in the longitudinal ridge portions 11 is different from a fiber orientation direction in the transverse ridge portions 21.

Abstract: A composite structural element comprising a substantially planar main section defining a coordinate system with a first axis extending along a longitudinal axis of the structural element and a second axis extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis within the planar main section. The structural element contains a basic lay-up of single plies, each comprising a fiber-reinforced composite material with a substantially unidirectional fiber orientation. The lay-up comprises N plies arranged from top to bottom in the following form: [[?, ?]M; [?]K; [?, ?]M], wherein ?, ? and ? represent one ply having an angle enclosed between the first axis and the unidirectional fiber orientation of the one ply, respectively, [x]y means y plies each having angle x; [x, y]z means z pairs of plies, K and M are both positive integers equal to or greater than 1: N=4·M+K.

Abstract: A system for forming a conductive tape trace on a substrate includes a segment feeder arm configured to feed segments of conductive tape to the substrate and a segment placement armature configured to grasp and position the conductive tape segments in a predetermined pattern on the substrate. The conductive tape segments include a plurality of conductive tape bend segments and at least one conductive tape branch segment. The segment placement armature is configured to position and overlap the plurality of conductive tape bend segments on the substrate to form a conductive tape bend and position the at least one conductive tape branch segment in contact with and extending from the conductive tape bend. A roller can be included and be configured to apply a force onto the conductive tape segments positioned on the substrate. A welder that welds the conductive tape segments together can also be included.

Abstract: A composition of matter has a fiber structure impregnated with a polymer, the polymer having dispersed functionalized particles chemically bonded to the polymer, wherein the functionalized particles contain one of either groups same as a precursor of the polymer, or groups reactive with a precursor. A composition of matter has a fiber structure impregnated with cured epoxy resin having dispersed functionalized particles chemically bonded to the cured epoxy, wherein the functionalized particles contain one of either groups same as the epoxy resin, or groups reactive with the epoxy resin.

Abstract: Disclosed are curable polymer compositions, elastomers thereof and release layers useful in the art of printing made of the disclosed elastomers. Disclosed are also intermediate transfer members having a release layer useful in the art of printing. Disclosed are anisotropic intermediate transfer members. Disclosed are curable adhesive compositions, that in some embodiments are useful in preparing intermediate transfer members useful in printing. Also disclosed are intermediate transfer members useful in the art of printing having a release layer with an image transfer surface having protonatable functional groups apparent thereupon. Also disclosed are methods of making such intermediate transfer members.

Abstract: An optical absorber and method of manufacture is disclosed. A non-woven sheet of randomly-organized horizontally-oriented carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is subjected to a laser rasterizing treatment at ambient temperature and pressure. The upper surface of the sheet is functionalized by oxygen and hydrogen atoms resulting in improved absorbance properties as compared to untreated CNT sheets as well as to commercial state-of-art black paints. Laser treatment conditions may also be altered or modulated to provide surface texturing in addition to functionalization to enhance light trapping and optical absorbance properties.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a mounting base for a crossarm and the crossarm. The mounting base may include a front-facing fastening surface, a rear-facing surface, and an opening formed between the front-facing fastening surface and the rear-facing surface, where the opening comprises a generally reverse L-Shaped geometry that extends through an entire width of the mounting base. The crossarm may include a first section and a second section that are oriented perpendicularly to each other, where the first section and second section are composed of composite material that contains a plurality of fibers within the composite material.

Abstract: A triaxial laid scrim includes a first, second and third set of continuous fibers. The fibers of each set are regularly spaced apart and are parallel to each other. The fibers of the first set are parallel to the warp direction or to the weft direction of the scrim. The fibers of the second set and the third set are oriented symmetrically to each other, respectively at an angle of 30°-80° with respect to the fibers of the first set. Distances between the fibers of the second set and the fibers of the third set are identical. The fibers of the second set cross the fibers of the third set at the intersection thereof with the fibers of the first set, thereby defining regular openings having an isosceles triangle shape. The fibers are coated and attached to each other by a coating that does not fill-up the triangle-shaped openings.

Abstract: A woven sailcloth has groups of load-bearing yarns which extend in straight lines through tunnels without being woven. The tunnels are bordered front and back by woven layers and at the sides by crossing-over yarns. Because the load-bearing yarns extend along the tunnels there is no crimp in their longitudinal direction. The load-bearing yarns may include components for resistance to displacement along the tunnels, such as resin adhesives or wrapped-around filament.

Abstract: A laminated film has a multilayer structure with outermost layers 1 and 2 composed mainly of a resin, wherein the multilayer structure has first and second layers alternately laminated in the thickness direction so that the total number of the first and second layers is 30 or more, the first layer is a birefringent layer composed mainly of a resin and is 10-1,000 nm thick, the second layer is an isotropic layer composed mainly of a resin and is 10-1,000 nm thick, the thicknesses of the first and second layers increase along the thickness direction from the outermost layer 2 side to the outermost layer 1 side, the total thickness of the outermost layers is 10% or more of the total thickness of the multilayer structure, and the thickness of the outermost layer 1 is larger than the thickness of the outermost layer 2.

Abstract: An optical waveguide includes: a plurality of linear portions arranged in parallel to each other; a plurality of arcuate portions, in the folded portion of the optical waveguide, concentrically arranged about a predetermined center position as a center on the substrate at intervals narrower than intervals between the plurality of linear portions, each of the arcuate portions having a central angle that increases as each of the arcuate portions is closer to the center position; and a plurality of connecting portions respectively connecting the plurality of linear portions and the plurality of arcuate portions, at least one group of the connecting portions bending in a direction opposite to a direction where each of the arcuate portions bends.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing composite laminate, including providing a first fibrous material having a plurality of fibers, providing a second fibrous material having a plurality of fibers, disposing the fibers of the first fibrous material in a first polymeric matrix, disposing the fibers of the second fibrous material in a second polymeric matrix, laying up a plurality of the first fibrous material on a rigid structure, laying up the second fibrous material on the rigid structure, wherein the first fibrous material is in contact with the second fibrous material, curing the first polymeric matrix, creating a plurality of baseline layers from the plurality of first fibrous material and the first polymeric matrix, and curing the second polymeric matrix, creating a compliant layer from the second fibrous material and the second polymeric matrix. The compliant layer is stronger than each individual baseline layers.