Abstract: A loop formed of a core in the form of one or a plurality of yarn skeins and a seamlessly woven protective sheath which encloses the entire core with considerable play is provided with one or two diagonally oppositely disposed woven flat ribs so as to cause the protective sheath to take on a flat oval cross-sectional configuration even before a load is attached and/or to serve as the support for a connecting seam for two juxtaposed loop strands. The seams may also be used to fasten an abrasion protection cover. The seams may likewise be used to connect a plurality of loops or slings to form a loop mat.

Abstract: Two sheets of reflective plastic film included in the construction of a fiber-insulated thermal garment mitigate radiated heat loss while retaining the conventional insulating properties of fibers. A layer of porous matted fibers separates the two layers of reflective sheets, holding them apart and allowing a free passage of air between. The plastic sheets are provided with venting holes which allow the garment to "breathe" and prevent moisture accumulation. The venting holes in opposing plastic sheets do not align but rather are offset, forcing warm air passing through the garment to follow a zigzag route. The plastic sheets are further provided with a flat black finish on their outer-facing surfaces in order that the inside sheet may recapture radiated heat from escaping warm air and the outside sheet may absorb any ambient radiated heat, such as sunlight.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the production of air cell cushioning dunnage material, for protective cushioning purposes in packaging or other purposes, with the air cell product possessing substantial strength, and the ability to retain its original thickness under load. The method and apparatus are such that the apparatus can be halted in its operation without injurious effects to the dunnage product being produced, and can be restarted to again commence production of the cushioning dunnage product. The apparatus and method utilize flexible thermoplastic sheets or film of material, to produce the air cell product, with the plastic sheets being preferably formed of a composite of an intermediate stratum of relatively high density high melting point plastic, and exterior stratums of relatively low density, low melting point thermoplastic bonded to the intermediate stratum. Various other embodiments of flexible air cell sheeting are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a hard multi-tubular structure which comprises; producing a flat hose fabric composed of a plurality of side-by-side abutting hoses, introducing uninflated foil tubes into each of the hoses of the fabric, the tubes being of substantially the same length as the length of the fabric, inflating the tubes for expanding the hoses into formed hollow sections, treating the fabric with a hardening material, and allowing a hardening of the hardening material and a setting of the fabric with the hoses in expanded condition. Therefollowing, the tubes are left after the setting of the hose fabric in the respective hollow sections free of any internal inflating pressure. Alternatively, the tubes may be withdrawn from the hollow sections after the setting.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the production of thermoplastic film air cell cushioning product. The method and apparatus utilize as stock material flexible thermoplastic film formed of a composite of a stratum of relatively high density, high melting point thermoplastic and another stratum of relatively low density, low melting point thermoplastic bonded to the first mentioned stratum.

Abstract: Large-area, blister-free assemblies of direct-bonded metal to a ceramic or metal substrate are obtained by providing venting channels in the metal-substrate interface. The channels may be formed in the metal or substrate surface to be bonded. The channels in the metal may be formed by etching, while the channels in the ceramic may be formed by mechanical techniques, such as grinding. The metal-to-substrate direct bond may be formed by any conventional processes employing an eutectic melt composition to bond the metal to the substrate.

Abstract: A kickboard for supplementing the buoyancy of a swimmer when grasped by a swimmer's hands including a generally elongate rectangular member (11) of relatively lesser thickness, one side (20) of said member being a generally planar surface, the other side (30) of said member having a plurality of spaced depressions (35) having wall sections (36, 37) thereof extending a substantial portion of the thickness of said member for providing substantial structural rigidity, some of said depressions having a portion (38) thereof attached to said one side (20) of said member for enhancing the strength and rigidity of said member and some of said depressions being positioned proximate the periphery of said member to facilitate gripping by a swimmer's hands.

Abstract: This heat-insulating material comprises at least one layer of plain paper or plastic web provided on one face with a thin metal film having a thickness of 1 to 20 microns, and at least one layer of corrugated paper or pasteboard glued only along the crests of its waves to the metal coating of the first layer, the side of the corrugated web which faces the plain web layer being likewise coated with a metal film. Thus, substantially the entire area of the two metal layers are in constant mutual contact with the cavities formed by the waves of the corrugated web, which have a thickness of at least 1 to 1.5 mm. This feature and the specific arrangement of the layers are such that the metallized surfaces thereof face the direction in which the heat-flow is to be insulated, thus affording a particularly high heat-insulating efficiency.

Abstract: A thermally protective multilayered fabric has a thermally conductive layer andwiched between an outer and an inner thermally reflective layer. The outer and the inner thermally reflective layers are foil/fabric laminations and the intermediate thermally conductive layer is a metallic foil lamination. A plurality of metal staples or other discrete fasteners anchor the three layers together at a plurality of discrete locations which create a multitude of thermally impeding air spaces between the layers.

Abstract: A synthetic resin glass insulating pane of, at least, two plates and web frames between the plates, the web edges thereof being welded with the plates. The web frames are provided substantially as tubular bodies. The face edges of the web frames possess outwardly projecting edge shoulders with ultrasonics aligning webs protruding vertically in regard to the face. The side walls of the web frames form the lateral surfaces of a double frustum, the two frusta of which being composed with the smaller faces. The tubes may be straight or inclined tubes and may be of any cross-section. The web frames and/or the plates may be completely and/or partly transparent or non-transparent.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adhesive tape comprising a support film of a synthetic thermoplastic polymer, preferably polyvinylchloride or polypropylene, and an adhesive layer on one side of it, wherein the support film has a thickness less than about 35 .mu.m and preferably is stretch-oriented. Provided on the surface of the support film facing away from the adhesive layer are elevations having a depth within a range of from about 5 to 20 .mu.m.

Abstract: The dimensionally stable composite material consists of a double fabric with spacer filaments. On both sides of the double fabric there is a plastics layers. Face and back fabric of the double fabric are linked with each other by means of incorporated rigid filaments which prevent the double fabric to be squeezed. The exterior plastics layers are curable laminates. FIG. 1 shows such a composite material.The material is obtained by applying fiber mats impregnated with curable synthetic resins to both sides of the double fabric containing spacer filaments, and subsequently bonding fiber mats and double fabric by compression.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a heat insulating laminate which is comprised of a contractile thin film, a first noncontractile metal reflecting thin film at at least one side of the contractile film and at least a second noncontractile metal reflecting thin film beyond the first one of those films. Adjacent films are bonded together at scattered areas. In one version, the density of the bonding areas between the contractile film and the first noncontractile film is greater and the density of the bonding areas between successive noncontractile layers away from the contractile layer decreases stepwise. Shrinking of the contractile film causes wrinkles in the noncontractile films. An additional protective film may be laminated to the contractile film.

Abstract: Packing sheets are disclosed each of which consists of a flat base and parallel tube sectors formed thereon, alternately on opposite sides of the base. The walls of the tube sectors are corrugated preferably transversely to their length. Such sheets may be assembled together, e.g. using integral joint members, to form packing units of high efficiency for use in phase contacting applications such as cooling and distillation towers.

Abstract: Strips of burstable, gas-filled bubbles are adhesively secured to the margins of a substrate (e.g., a paper cocktail napkin) having a printed advertising message and are adapted to be popped by the user to focus the user's attention on the napkin and the message printed thereon.

Abstract: A method for making a fiberglass truss has features that eliminate the need for a mold. The method includes first a step of tensioning a pair of spaced-apart filaments strips to define the chords for the truss. The chords are interconnected at several points along their lengths with a strip of filaments for defining triangular bracing or a web for the truss. Tension is applied to the strips to secure the chords and web in place. Then the chords and web are coated with resin. After hardening, the tension is removed. In one method, the chords are tensioned between two end walls of a container. The intersecting points of the web and chords are restrained against lateral movement by means of retaining devices mounted to two oppositely facing side walls. Triangular spacer elements define passageways for the chords and web. The container is filled with resin after the chords and web have been placed and tensioned. After impregnation, the container is drained. The completed truss may be removed after hardening.

Abstract: A knockdown disposable vehicle ramp for shipment of vehicles securely fastened to the floor of container to elevate and support one end of a wheeled vehicle in nesting alignment with another wheeled vehicle whereby a series of in-line vehicles may be positioned within a single container for shipment with each of the disposable ramps being secured in position during vehicle loading. Each of the disposable ramps is constructed of corrugated fiberboard and positioned to support the loads to which the ramp may be subjected with each ramp being provided with an inclined plane on which the wheel of a vehicle may be elevated for positioning to a wheel well on the ramp for cooperatively supporting a wheel mounted on the vehicle. Ramp and wheel well reinforcing means are positioned to support loads to which the ramp is subjected. A wheel-mounted harness securely retains the vehicle-mounted wheel on the ramp wheel well limiting vehicle displacement.

Abstract: An absorbent article comprising a cover sheet and a backing sheet, the cover and backing sheets being attached in areas without the use of water-insoluble adhesives to form pockets in which a fluid absorbent material is stored. The absorbent article is formed by depositing portions of the fluid absorbent material on the backing sheet, placing the cover sheet over the absorbent material and the backing sheet, and pressing the cover sheet towards the exposed parts of the backing sheet to cause bonding of the fibers in each sheet and attaching the cover sheet to the backing sheet to form pockets in which the absorbent material is stored.

Abstract: A transparent vacuum insulation plate (1) has two or more lattice structures (4, 5, 6 and 7) contained in an evacuated space between two transparent outer plates (2,3). The lattice structures (4, 5, 6, and 7) are placed one on top of another but are shifted in relation to each other. In some embodiments, a semi-transparent film (8) which intercepts infrared rays but permits penetration of visible light is placed between the lattice structures.

Abstract: A support device as disclosed, such as for use as an innersole for footwear, which provides cushioned support conforming to the shape of the wearer's foot to distribute the weight of the wearer substantially evenly over the supported area. At least one air cushion layer comprising closely spaced, discrete air pockets entrapped between plastic film is adhered to a layer of soft, flexible, open cell foam. A pressure sensitive adhesive is used which impregnates the foam layer and, when in use under pressure, coats the plastic film, thereby reinforcing it against leakage or rupture and conforming it semi-permanently in the pressure-distorted shape. Protective sheathing may be used, adhered to the outer surface of the air pocket layer by pressure sensitive adhesive.

Abstract: Covering material for walls, facades, roofs or the like, which is flown through by a heat transfer medium for the assimilation or absorption of radiant heat and/or heat from the environment and by which the shape and/or size of the cross-section of the flow channels for the heat transfer medium is variable by change of the pressure in the flow channels, for example, by change of the pressure in the heat transfer medium for knocking off the ice and/or snow edges as well as for the change of the free cross-section for the heat transfer medium. Further, a distributor or collector channel molding is provided with which the covering material can be connected into the circuit for the heat transfer medium.

Abstract: Retroreflective film, sheeting or the like having an array of light-reflecting right triangle prisms between a transparent surface layer and a backing layer. The opposing triangular end faces of adjacent prisms are spaced apart to provide internal reflection therefrom. The retroreflective material provides efficient retroreflection at angles of incidence of about 30.degree.-85.degree. and therefore is effective where light is directed in a path nearly parallel to a reflective surface, such as highway lane dividers or guardrail markers placed parallel to a highway. Retroreflective material on such markers becomes visible to an observer while yet remote from the markers.

Abstract: A structural panel comprises truncated polyhedral elements projecting from a base sheet, with the base sheet and truncation surfaces providing increased bonding areas for external face sheets. Mass produced, identical panels which are nestable for shipping and storage may be combined in an interlocking arrangement to form a combined panel which is nearly isotropic in its reaction to external loads.

Abstract: An elastomeric enclosure is initially inflated to a desired pressure by a gas having large molecules incapable of diffusing outwardly from the enclosure, except at a relatively slow rate. When the enclosure is surrounded by ambient air at atmospheric pressure, such air passes into the enclosures by reverse diffusion, thus extracting energy from the ambient sea of air to progressively increase the total pressure in the enclosure to a substantial extent over a period of several months, the pressure then decreasing very slowly over an extended period to its initial inflation pressure, such extended period being as much as about two years or more. This added energy may be used to perform useful work or used in various pneumatic devices to achieve essentially permanent inflation.

Abstract: A heat reflecting wall-paper comprising a base of carrier material with a vapor deposited, but discontinuous surface metal layer thereon so as to be substantially non-electrically conductive and covered with a veneer layer and thereon a veneer protection layer.

Abstract: A composite material and a method for producing a composite material of a highly, multidirectionally elastic nature which includes ultrasonically welding an upper layer to a lower layer along substantially parallel, spaced apart weld seams, feeding elongated strands of an intermediate layer between the upper and lower layers and between the weld seams during the welding operation, and applying a tensile stress to at least one of the upper, lower and intermediate layers during the welding operation with such tensile stress being different from the tensile stress on at least another of the upper, lower and intermediate layers.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a multi-ply fibrous sheet structure, each of a pair of plies of fibrous web material is provided with a spot embossed first pattern defined by inwardly directed nested protuberances that are adhesively joined at distal surfaces thereof to confronting surfaces of the opposite ply, and the adhesively joined plies are provided with a spot embossed second pattern defined by registered, unidirectionally presented protuberances in each of the joined plies and fitted compactly one within the other.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a multi-ply fibrous sheet structure, each of a pair of plies of fibrous web material is provided with a pattern of relatively deep, primary, spot embossments each adherent to the opposite ply and surrounded by a pattern of relatively shallow, secondary, non-adherent spot embossments.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the production of air cell cushioning dunnage material, for protective cushioning purposes in packaging or other purposes, with the air cell product possessing substantial strength, and the ability to retain its original thickness under load. The method and apparatus are such that the apparatus can be halted in its operation without injurious effects to the dunnage product being produced, and can be restarted to again commence production of the cushioning dunnage product. The apparatus and method utilize flexible thermoplastic sheets or film of material, to produce the air cell product, with the plastic sheets being preferably formed of a composite of an intermediate stratum of relatively high density high melting point plastic, and exterior stratums of relatively low density, low melting point thermoplastic bonded to the intermediate stratum. Various other embodiments of flexible air cell sheeting are also disclosed.

Abstract: Laminated insulation is provided that is of increased efficiency without any great increase in the total thickness of insulation used which has an internal reflector which reflects back both hot and cold air from the internal reflector. The structure includes a plurality of plastic skins with air bubbles trapped therebetween which structure is laminated to other types of insulation and may have internal provisions to increase its strength.

Abstract: A container transport system for carrying a plurality of vehicles includes a cargo container and at least one ramp within the container. The ramp is disposable and is made of corrugated cardboard. In forming the ramp a plurality of load cells of increasing average height are positioned next to each other and are covered by a cardboard envelope. The cells are formed by folding cardboard panels into a trapezoidal shape.

Abstract: An absorbent, puffy sheet structure comprising a pair of plies of web material adhered in continuous linear regions interspersed with pocket portions. Portions of the plies forming the pocket portions include inwardly presented perforate bosses that enhance softness and water absorbency. The structure is achieved utilizing apparatus comprising a pair of matched-pattern, synchronously rotatable steel rolls each provided with small, sharp, ply-perforating members in the recesses between land areas, in combination with synchronous rotatable rubber embossing rolls urged against the rotatable steel rolls and intervening plies to form the perforate bosses.

Abstract: Improved multi-layered articles ultrasonically joined having at least one interior material non-ultrasonically joinable and method and apparatus for producing said articles.

Abstract: The structure and the process for making a metallic sandwich structure in which metal worksheets, preferably made from titanium alloy, are joined in a preselected pattern by an intermittent or discontinuous weld. The joined sheets are sealed by a continuous weld to form an expandable envelope. Application of inert gas pressure to the envelope in a limiting fixture superplastically produces the sandwich structure as the expanded structure diffusion bonds to itself or other worksheets. Core configuration of the structure is determined by the intermittent weld pattern. Face sheets of the sandwich structure may be formed from one sheet of the envelope or may be inserted in the limiting fixture and the envelope expanded against the face sheets. Additionally, the face sheets may be preformed or formed concurrently with the core to produce the desired core and sandwich shape in a single operation.

Abstract: Thermal insulating apparatus for an aircraft fuselage of the type utilizing a sandwich panel construction. A foam insulation panel is provided which includes a plurality of standoffs for contacting the inwardly-facing skin of the sandwich panel. The standoffs may be arranged in a grid pattern, molded integrally with the rest of the panel, and bonded to the skin of the sandwich panel. The insulation panel may be used with or without a trim panel between it and the fuselage compartment, and in either case a sheet of metal foil may be attached to the inside face of the insulation panel. The foam may be of the self-skinning type so as to resist penetration of moisture into the foam panel and help direct condensate away from the fuselage compartment.This is a division of application Ser. No. 970,773 filed Dec. 18, 1978, now Pat. No. 4,235,398.

Abstract: Devices for packaging and/or cushioning products and objects, the devices including permeable elastomeric sheets sealed together at predetermined locations to form separate and discrete chambers, or intercommunicating chambers, inflated initially with a gaseous medium comprising a gas other than air, oxygen or nitrogen which has a very low diffusion rate from each chamber through the elastomeric sheets, ambient air diffusing more readily through the sheets into each inflated chamber to provide a total pressure therein which is the sum of the partial pressure of the air in the chamber and the partial pressure of the gas in the chamber. Not only does the air diffusing into a chamber increase the total pressure therein above the initial inflation pressure of the gas, but the air in the chamber inhibits outward diffusion of the gas from the chamber or compensates for any loss of pressure caused by such outward diffusion of the gas.

Abstract: A decorative textured paper having a generally translucent background with randomly disposed opaque white areas is created by placing a dry first cloth on a hard, generally flat surface, then placing a moist second cloth over the first cloth with a third dry cloth placed over the moist second cloth. A parchment type paper is placed over the third dry cloth after which a preheated, hard, flat surface is applied to the paper and cloth pile with a sliding motion concurrently with compressing the paper and cloth layers to produce a discontinuous and randomly distributed puffed decorative pattern.

Abstract: A protective structure is disclosed which provides a compound cushioning effect to impact-loading from an external source. The structure comprises a plurality of cells formed between two layers of plastic film material. The cells contain a sealed-in pneumatic substance which substantially surrounds a core of low density, plastic foam material. Vents may be provided through the layers' intermediate adjacent cells to provide for the flow of air. A cover of fabric material may be provided over the layers of plastic film material depending on the desired use of the structure.

Abstract: An absorbent fibrous structure having good stability and enhanced absorbency, flexibility and feel is provided comprising a loosely compacted cellulosic fibrous batt having a plurality of narrow, dense, compacted cellulosic fibrous lines formed by compacting the entire thickness of the batt. The fibrous areas of the batt adjacent the narrow dense lines extend over the lines, creating a fibrous region of lesser density than said batt above the lines, and a substantially fiber free region or tunnel immediately adjacent the lines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a floor covering produced in sheets of relatively resilient material and provided on its lower face with hollow cells confining pockets of air on the floor. The upper face may be provided with bulges corresponding to said hollow cells. These arrangements increase the suppleness, the reliability, and the comfort.

Abstract: A prefabricated construction for building walls, comprising a pair of panel elements each having a wall portion and a plurality of stiffening rib portions extending along the wall portion. At least some of the rib portions on each panel element include recesses on edges thereof which are spaced from the wall portions. The pair of panel elements face each other with substantial juxtaposition between the rib portions of one of the pairs of elements with those of the other of the pair of elements, and with the wall portions spaced from each other. The space between the wall portions and juxtaposed rib portions are substantially filled with expanded synthetic material to form a wall element and conduit passages are defined in the synthetic material between the pair of panel elements and adjacent the recesses in the rib portions.

Abstract: A biaxially tearable, moisture barrier laminate is comprised of a film of fluid compression rolled polymer, and a film of heat seal material. The laminate is especially suited for use in the production of strip packages.

Abstract: A reflective heat insulating shield or screen or panel, for example for disposition between a heating body or source such as a radiator and a wall, comprising a reflective surface having protuberances or facets which face the heating body and deflect the hot air stream flowing along the shield or screen toward the heating body.

Abstract: A highly flexible reflective insulation inner assembly is provided which spaces a pair of flexible reflective insulation sheets while also sealing a volume of space therebetween. To accomplish this a corrugated strip of material is mounted on its edge between the pair of flexible reflective insulation sheets all along the perimeter of the two sheets. The corrugated strip seals and spaces the two flexible sheets while allowing them to be curved and bent to conform to the shape of the more rigid inner and outer case assembly which mounts on the body to be insulated to thus provide a flexible and efficient thermal insulation inner assembly. In vertical mounting of such reflective insulation inner assemblies the height of the enclosed volume is maintained at substantially twelve inches to minimize convective heat transfer thereby.

Abstract: A multi-layered windowpane which is substantially transparent and possesses superior insulating properties. The outer and inner layers are glass and between each glass layer there is a perforated layer of substantially transparent plastic.

Abstract: An elongated towel has a flap member attached thereto near one end thereof, this flap member forming a compartment for removably receiving an inflatable pillow. The towel thus can be used for the usual drying purposes and also as a mat for sun bathing with the inflatable pillow forming a headrest.

Abstract: An insulation material comprised of multiple layers of treated newspaper spaced in relation to one another for use as side wall or ceiling insulation bats and wall board in older homes.

Abstract: Pneumatic structural and cushioning material of plastic sheets, bands, and/or tubes, which are compartmentized into a plurality of chambers. The material is capable of convenient and economical storage and shipment in a collapsed state and rapid inflation to an operative state at the point of use. The chambers embody one-way valving arrangements to maintain the chambers in an expanded state over long periods of time, rendering the product useful in cushioning loads during shipment by land, air or water; in safety devices for humans in vehicle bumpers, air cushions, and buoyant devices of all types; and in structural assemblies of either temporary or permanent types to attain heat and sound insulation effects.

Abstract: A highly flexible spacer-sealer for reflective insulation inner assemblies is provided which spaces a pair of flexible reflective insulation sheets or liners while also sealing a volume of space therebetween. To accomplish this a corrugated strip of material is mounted on its edge between the pair of flexible reflective insulation liners all along the perimeter of the two sheets. The corrugated strip is compressed and twisted at predetermined points and mounted to one of the liners leaving the other liner to lie on the corrugated strip. This construction allows the inner assemblies to be curved and bent to conform to the various shapes of the inner and outer case assemblies which are mounted to the body to be insulated.

Abstract: An insulating material consists of moldable material and a plurality of spherical air pockets formed in the material.