Abstract: A heat transfer system is provided by the present disclosure that includes, in one form, a structural member having an upper skin, a lower skin, and a foam core disposed between the upper skin and the lower skin. At least one heat conducting array extends through the foam core and between the upper skin and the lower skin, the heat conducting array defining at least one upper cap, at least one lower cap, and a wall portion extending between the upper cap and the lower cap, the upper cap being disposed proximate a heat source. A heat conducting spreader is disposed between the lower cap of the heat conducting array and the lower skin of the structural member.

Abstract: A sandwich structure is provided that includes a corrugated layer with at least one core layer (structure) made of a periodic array of adjacent truncated upward facing peaks and truncated downward facing valleys. Each truncated peak has a bonding land of an area A1. Each truncated valley has a bonding land of an area A2. A ratio of A1/A2 is less than 2. A distance D is between neighboring peaks, and a distance D is also between neighboring valleys. The corrugated layer is made from an initially flat sheet thickness of t. A first sheet layer is physically coupled to bonding lands of the truncated peaks. A second sheet layer is physically coupled to bonding lands of the truncated valleys.

Abstract: A vehicle interior member includes a main body member having multiple recessed portions and raised portions and being made of a synthetic resin, a first plate-shaped member thermally welded on a front surface of the main body member, and a second plate-shaped member thermally welded on a back surface of the main body member. Each of the first plate-shaped member and the second plate-shaped member is a foamed sheet obtained by foaming a synthetic resin by adding a blowing agent to the synthetic resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reflective insulation material product including a metallized polymeric film laminated to an insulation material with the metallized polymeric film having its exposed metallic surface facing away from the insulation material. The product can meet Class A standard thermal insulation material standards characterized by a flame speed rating of from 0 to 25 and a smoke developed rating value of 0 to 450.

Abstract: A sandwich structure based on a composite panel made of a thermoplastic core layer connected to at least one fiber-reinforced thermoplastic layer, in particular in-situ manufactured sandwich panels, comprises a thermoplastic core, which is arranged between two cover layers, in which the core is reinforced with fiber-reinforced thermoplastic reinforcing ribs which extend between the cover layers. Preferred methods for the manufacture are also described.

Abstract: A panel which includes, among protrusions protruding from a predetermined reference surface, flat sections being flush with the reference surface, and recesses being recessed from the reference surface, the protrusions, and the flat sections or recesses, wherein; when the panel includes the flat sections, the entire periphery of each of the protrusions is surrounded by the flat sections, and the entire periphery of each of the flat sections is surrounded by the protrusions, while when the panel includes the recesses, the entire periphery of each of the protrusions is surrounded by the recesses, and the entire periphery of each of the recesses is surrounded by the protrusions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composite structure for deflecting and spreading kinetic energy transmission after various types of impacts utilizing foam structures having graded properties. The structure has a first composite layer, composed of a discrete reinforcement and a continuous binder. The helmet receives contact of an object that transfers kinetic energy to a first composite layer. The helmet uses a second composite layer adjacent to the first composite layer designed such that the second composite layer compresses and expands into an expansion zone in the second composite layer. The second composite layer has expansion structures with a graded modulus such that the material at the tip of an expansion structure has a low modulus and the modulus in the expansion structure increases as it moves from the tip to the base of the expansion structure.

Abstract: Composite panels including core layers of particular geometry and optional first and second skin layers. The components optionally are made from fiberboard material. The core has either a linear geometry or made from discrete elements. In exemplary embodiments, longitudinally extending voids extend through the panel. Electrical or mechanical conduits may be inserted through the longitudinally extending voids.

Abstract: An interdigitated cellular cushioning system includes an array of void cells protruding from each of two binding layers interdigitated between the two binding layers. Peaks of each of the void cells are attached to the opposite binding layer forming the interdigitated cellular cushioning system. The interdigitated cellular cushioning system may be used to absorb and distribute a source of kinetic energy incident on the interdigitated cellular cushioning system (e.g., an impact or explosion) so that the amount of force transmitted through the interdigitated cellular cushioning system is low enough that it does not cause injury to personnel or damage to personnel and/or equipment adjacent the interdigitated cellular cushioning system.

Abstract: Method for producing a fiber composite component, in particular for aerospace, having the following method steps: forming a moulding core that comprises a predetermined number of hollow bodies for defining an external geometry of the moulding core, the hollow bodies being designed such that they extend in the longitudinal direction of the moulding core and are expandable elastically at least in their lateral direction, and are fixed to one another, the formed moulding core having a flexible outer layer for smoothing the contour of its outer surfaces, and a core sleeve surrounding the moulding core, for sealing the moulding core from the fiber composite component to be produced; placing at least one fiber semi-finished product, at least in places, on the moulding core (that has been formed, in order to shape at least one moulding section of the fiber composite component to be produced; and applying heat and/or pressure to the at least one moulding section in order to produce the fiber composite component.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of making a structure by ultrasonic welding and superplastic forming. The method comprises assembling a plurality of workpieces comprising a first workpiece including a first material having superplastic characteristics; ultrasonically welding the first workpiece to a second workpiece, to form an assembly; heating the assembly to a temperature at which the first material having superplastic characteristics is capable of superplastic deformation, and injecting a fluid between the first workpiece and the second workpiece to form a cavity between the first workpiece and the second workpiece.

Abstract: An insulating coating (1) with high damping power and suitable for being fastened to a structure (2). The coating comprises a dissipater mesh made up of a plurality of dissipater elements (3) and of nodes (4) with the bottom end (4?) of each node being fastened to said structure (2). Each dissipater element is secured to first and second nodes (6, 7). The bottom ends (4?) of said nodes (4) project from said dissipater elements (3) so as to be suitable for creating an empty space (5) between the dissipater elements (3) and said structure (2). In addition, at least one dissipater element (3) is provided with at least one branch (10, 20) provided with a heavy element (30, 31, 32). The heavy element (30, 31, 32) has a first mass that is greater than or equal to a second mass of said branch (10, 20).

Abstract: A form liner system comprises a first form liner, a second form liner and a bridge member. Each form liner comprises a plurality of raised portions defining a plurality of cells and at least one partial cell. The form liners are arranged such that the partial cells form a collective cell. The bridge member can be oriented in said collective cell, wherein a first portion of the bridge member is oriented in the first liner partial cell and a second portion of the bridge member is oriented in the second liner partial cell.

Abstract: A thermoplastic laminate plank is described wherein the thermoplastic laminate plank comprises a core, a print layer, and optionally an overlay. The core comprises at least one thermoplastic material and has a top surface and bottom surface wherein a print layer is affixed to the top surface of the core and an overlay layer is affixed to the top surface of the print layer. Optionally, an underlay layer can be located and affixed between the bottom surface of the print layer and the top surface of the core. A method of making the thermoplastic laminate plank is further described which involves extruding at least one thermoplastic material into the shape of the core and affixing a laminate on the core, wherein the laminate comprises an overlay affixed to the top surface of the print layer and optionally an underlay layer affixed to the bottom surface of the print layer.

Abstract: A repulpable moisture resistant poultry box having a composite structure with a fluted medium, a top backing board secured to one side of the fluted medium and a bottom backing board secured to the other side of the fluted medium. The backing boards and the fluted medium are impregnated with a hydrogenated triglyceride. The backing boards each have an outer surface coated with an emulsion of hydrogenated triglyceride and styrene acrylic to provide moisture resistance repulpable and recyclable box.

Abstract: A gel cushion, such as may be incorporated in a knee pad or other body-worn pad, that avoids undue accumulation of heat within the cushion, and that provides a stable and comfortable resting surface for at least a portion of a user's body. The cushion may further provide decreasing incremental compression in response to incrementally increasing loads, whereby users of different weights may be comfortably supported thereon.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite sheet 1 composed of a substantially flat lower fibrous sheet 3 and an upper fibrous sheet 2 bonded to the lower fibrous sheet 3. The upper fibrous sheet 2 is three-dimensionally textured with a number of projections 5 and a number of depression 6 each of which is located between every adjacent two of the projections 5. The projections 5 and the depressions 6 alternate in both a first direction of the composite sheet 1 and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Each projection 5 has a pair of opposing first walls 51 parallel to the first direction and a pair of opposing second walls 52 parallel to the second direction. The basis weight of the first walls 51 is different from that of the second walls 52.

Abstract: Processes for fabricating an integrated fiber-reinforced cured resin-composite panel structure include forming a panel preform assembly by (i) positioning pre-cured fiber-reinforced resin-composite tubular stiffeners onto an uncured base skin, and (ii) applying uncured fiber-reinforced resin-composite overlapping layers onto the pre-cured stiffeners so that at least lateral edges of the overlapping layers are laminated to a corresponding region of the base sheet; and thereafter curing the fiber-reinforced resin-composite base skin and overlapping layers to thereby form an integrated composite panel structure.

Abstract: Graphene materials having encapsulated gas cells and methods to make and use same. Alternative electrically conductive and atomically thin materials (such as graphene oxide) can be used alternatively or in addition to the graphene in the graphene encapsulated micro-bubble materials.

Abstract: The cellular cushioning article comprises a thermoformed film bonded to a second film, with the thermoformed film having thermoformed regions separated by a land area. The thermoformed film has a combination of (i) a layer containing a high melt point polymer and (ii) thermoformed regions exhibit a high average maximum birefringence. The high birefringence corresponds with high stress on the polymer chains. The combination results in cells of substantially increased burst strength. The cellular cushioning article can provide higher burst strength per mil of film thickness, or can be produced using less plastic than prior art cellular cushioning articles, while maintaining the same or comparable burst strength. Also disclosed is a process for making the cellular cushioning article.

Abstract: An improved pressure sensitive flashing tape that is conformable over uneven or irregular surfaces for use in the construction industry, where a moisture and air seal having full adhesive contact to the adherend is required. The subject tape includes a topsheet layer and an adhesive underlayer. The topsheet is stabilized dimensionally as to tape length and width for ease in application, but is preconditioned with a plurality of diaphragm elements embossed into the topsheet and compacted under pressure so as to enable the tape to conform to raised and indented features, including lap joints, protruding screw heads, dents, holes, cracks and the like, in surfaces associated with flashing and associated building surfaces; thus improving weathertight sealing. The topsheet may also have fold lines disposed relative to the diaphragm elements so as to be complementary in function, the fold lines serving to further enhance conformability and adaptability during and after application.

Abstract: A drainage mat for use in building structures, particularly in exterior walls and roofing, to improve drainage and ventilation within such structures. The drainage mat includes a web of extruded polymer monofilaments that are heat welded at junctions to form a matrix of tangled monofilaments. The web includes on its front face an alternating array of ridges and planar regions, each ridge having a substantially trapezoidal shape with a top surface and a base, the width of the top surface being less than the width of the base.

Abstract: Aerogel composites and bonded aerogel composites are described. The aerogel composites include monolithic aerogel material located in cavities between a base layer and a structured layer that is bonded to the base layer. Additional layers may be bonded to the base layer and/or the structured layer to form bonded aerogel composites.

Abstract: This invention provides a coupling method for coupling a first and a second stiffening profile element for an outer skin of an aircraft or space craft. In a first step the stiffening profile elements are arranged on the outer skin in such a manner that the stiffening profile elements oppose each other with their respective front sides and enclose within themselves a cavity. Furthermore, a fixing hole is formed through a wall of at least one of the stiffening profile elements in the cavity inside a coupling zone of the stiffening profile element. An access opening is formed through the wall in the cavity along the coupling zone. A coupling strap, which couples the stiffening profile elements together, is fastened to the coupling zone by means of a fastening element guided through the fixing hole.

Abstract: A flexible or rigid heat-insulation material consisting of a sheet of at least one layer of closed-cell gas bubbles 1/16 inch to 1 inch in size filled with a gas selected from helium, argon, neon, krypton, xenon, carbon dioxide, and chlorodifluoromethane, and mixtures thereof. At least one heat reflective layer of aluminum film is adhesively attached to the layer of gas bubbles or an aluminum film is vapor-deposited on the layer of gas bubbles.

Abstract: In an insulating element (1) for bounding spaces to be thermally insulated, e.g. for transport or packaging containers, comprising an in particular plate-shaped substrate element (2) made of a material having a low thermal conductivity, such as a polymer, the substrate element (2) is provided with a metallic coating (3) having a low emissivity in order to reduce the thermal radiation, yet is applied in a layer thickness of <80 nm, preferably <50 nm, such that the thermal conduction of the metallic coating will only insignificantly reduce the thus optimized insulating value. The metallic coating in the nanometer range does not only reduce the thermal radiation, but also enables optimal gas tightness with minimal thermal conduction.

Abstract: A decorative floor tile including at least one decorative layer and a backing layer having an array of resilient annular projections. Each annular projection includes a concave top surface, an outside wall surface, and an inside wall surface. The inside wall surface defines a central, blind passageway area. When the decorative floor tile is installed over an underlying surface, and pressure is applied to the decorative floor tile, a vacuum is created within the blind passageway and the underlying surface. The vacuum increases the amount of frictional drag between the surface covering and the underlying surface, and thus allows the surface covering to remain in place without the need for an adhesive.

Abstract: The invention relates to selected polymer blends which can be used for production of films or sheets having reduced defects, and also to a process for preparation of the polymer blends.

Abstract: A liquid controlling surface, comprising a formation comprising a plurality of individual open topped, closed bottomed cells for containing liquid with each of the cells having a cell wall integral with the closed bottom and defining a well. Each of the cell walls have a top edge. The surface also includes a plurality of distribution channels extending between adjacent cells and being positioned on the cell wall at a height to permit liquid to drain to the adjacent cell when a cell liquid level exceeds a predetermined limit and to permit liquid to be retained in the well up to the limit. At least some of the cell walls are sized and shaped to define contact areas at the top edges to support an object above the limit.

Abstract: A thermoplastic laminate plank is described wherein the thermoplastic laminate plank comprises a core, a print layer, and optionally an overlay. The core comprises at least one thermoplastic material and has a top surface and bottom surface wherein a print layer is affixed to the top surface of the core and an overlay layer is affixed to the top surface of the print layer. Optionally, an underlay layer can be located and affixed between the bottom surface of the print layer and the top surface of the core. In addition, a method of making the thermoplastic laminate plank is further described which involves extruding at least one thermoplastic material into the shape of the core and affixing a laminate on the core, wherein the laminate comprises an overlay affixed to the top surface of the print layer and optionally an underlay layer affixed to the bottom surface of the print layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a slipsheet and/or divider sheet and a method for making the same, the sheet having an imprint or an embossing that provides a raised planar surface. The raised planar surface preferably comprises a plurality of ridges, crowns or crests, which are preferably arranged in a pattern throughout an upper surface of the sheet. To make the sheet, a die can be etched to have protuberances or bumps, and the die is preferably pressed into a sheet of pliable thermoplastic material. The sheet thus made has a plurality of indentation formed by the protuberances or bumps on the die, and the sheet has a planar outer surface comprising a plurality of ridges, crowns and crests between the indentations.

Abstract: A process for forming a fiber reinforced core panel which is able to be contoured includes the following steps. First, slice a sheet of a low density material a plurality of times in a first direction of the sheet on at least one side, where the slices extend through only a portion of the thickness of the sheet, then divide the sheet in the second direction of the sheet into a series of low density strips having at least three faces (major face, a first edge face, a second edge face, and optionally a minor face) where the slices in the sheet form a series of cuts in the major or minor face of the low density strips. Next, arrange the series of low density strips to form a core panel and thread a continuous fibrous reinforcement sheet through the low density strips such that the fibrous reinforcement sheet is disposed between adjacent strips and adjacent to the major or minor faces of the low density strips.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a dielectric microstructure with a substantially unit dielectric constant K for use in microelectromechanical systems.

Abstract: A sandwich structure is provided that includes a corrugated layer with at least one core layer (structure) made of a periodic array of adjacent truncated upward facing peaks and truncated downward facing valleys. Each truncated peak has a bonding land of an area A1. Each truncated valley has a bonding land of an area A2. A ratio of A1/A2 is less than 2. A distance D is between neighboring peaks, and a distance D is also between neighboring valleys. The corrugated layer is made from an initially flat sheet thickness of t. A first sheet layer is physically coupled to bonding lands of the truncated peaks. A second sheet layer is physically coupled to bonding lands of the truncated valleys.

Abstract: A profiled strip for the installation in honeycomb-like separator packages and a honeycomb-like separator package formed by a plurality of profiled strips are described. The profiled strip has two long base sides and two connection sides. It is distinguished by the fact that a single groove connection portion is respectively arranged at the free ends of the connection sides and a single tongue connection portion is respectively arranged at the ends of the base sides that abut the connection sides, or vice versa. By this, corresponding separator packages can be assembled very simple.

Abstract: Aircraft fuselage frame (9) in composite material with stabilized web whose omega-shaped cross section (11) in at least a first segment (31) is formed by one head (23), two webs (25, 25?), two feet (27, 27?) with a stiffening element (29) between the two webs (25, 25?). The invention also refers to a manufacturing procedure for the first segment (31) comprising steps to: a) provide an external element (41) with an omega-shaped cross section formed by one head (43), two webs (45, 45?) and two feet (47, 47?), and an internal element (51) with omega-shaped section formed by one head (53), two webs (55, 55?) and two feet (57, 57?), with their respective webs (45, 55; 45?, 45?) and feet (47, 57; 47?, 57?) oriented in parallel; b) join the internal element (51) to the external element (41).

Abstract: A three-dimensional support structure is provided and includes a single sheet of material that is folded into a repeating pattern of cells. Each of the cells is formed by first and second spaced-apart endwalls and first and second sloped sidewalls spanning between the endwalls. Each endwall comprises two plies of material while each sidewall comprises a single ply of material. The first and second sidewalls are adjoined at a folded edge. The cells are aligned such that the first endwall of one cell from the repeating pattern abuts the second endwall of an adjacent cell of the repeating pattern to form a four-ply wall of the material. A first liner may be attached to a first side of the folded material and a second liner may be attached to a second side of the folded material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a lightweight multilayer heat reflective concrete cure blanket having a moisture-impervious top outer layer, a moisture-impervious bottom outer layer, and the top and bottom layers sealingly connected to each other at the boundaries of the layers to form a moisture-impervious chamber between the first and second layers. The chamber includes at least one bubble type insulative layer therein, and the bottom surface of the blanket comprises a heat reflective material to reflect heat emanating from the concrete when the blanket is placed over the concrete. In a further embodiment, heat reflective material is applied to at least one inner bubble type layer to reflect additional heat which radiates from the concrete through the insulative layer and back towards the concrete.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are multiwall sheets and methods for making the same. In one embodiment, a multiwall sheet comprises: main layers and transverse walls. The multiwall sheet comprises: a total thickness of greater than or equal to about 45 mm, a weight of greater than or equal to about 4.5 kg/m2, and/or greater than or equal to about 8 cells and a U-value of less than or equal to about 1.2 W/m2K. The multiwall sheet further comprises greater than 75 wt % branched polycarbonate resin, based upon a total weight of the multiwall sheet.

Abstract: The present invention provides a double cell structure for window shade and its manufacture method for forming a substrate of double cell units. The substrate comprises first and second strip material bonded with each other, two lateral sides of the substrate being formed by first and second pleats. The substrate can then be cut to form multiple double cell units that are then stacked and bonded over one another for forming the double cell structure. In addition, the present invention also provides double cell structures for window shade.

Abstract: A heat insulator is provided which can ensure satisfactory rigidity without increasing plate thickness. A number of convex portions are formed in an aluminum flat plate by embossing in an aligned state so that the flat plate part does not remain linearly between the convex portions. Each one convex portion has a hexagonal shape as viewed planarly, and the longitudinal section thereof, which includes vertices formed by opposing corners of the hexagonal shape, has a circular arc shape. The optimal value of convex height/convex width is a value in an experiment example, i.e., about 16.3% which is a value just before the start of blunting of the percentage performance improvement. From the viewpoint of a satisfactory percentage performance improvement, however, the convex height/convex width value is suitably not less than 12% and not more than 20.0%.

Abstract: The present invention includes a high-strength, light-weight corrugated board. The board comprises a first sheet made of a soy protein based resin and one or more sheets of plant-based fibers. The first sheet is connected to a corrugated member. In one aspect of the present invention, there is a method of manufacturing a high-strength, corrugated board.

Abstract: A three-dimensional wood fiber structural composite comprises a uniformly strong three-dimensional wood fiber structural core and thin (e.g., ¼? OSB) face plies securely laminated on top and bottom contacting surfaces of the wood fiber structural core, wherein the core has a depth in the vertical axis of up to about 1½? to 1¾?. The structural core includes at least one of laminating platforms, load-bearing diagonal elements, anticline protrusions, ridges, fillets and curved corners. The longitudinal dimensions of adjoining ridges are alternatively shorter and longer to eliminate any uninterrupted straight and clear line of sight along a transverse row of adjoining ridges or valleys formed by the intersection of syncline indentations and anticline protrusions with the horizontal plane of the ridges.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a lightweight structural trim part is comprising the following steps: (A) inserting a plurality of layers into a molding tool comprising a first molding half (6) and a second molding half (7). The second molding half (7) comprises a plurality of cup-like indentation (8). The plurality of layers at least comprises a first air permeable skin layer (1) facing the first molding half (6), a second air tight skin layer (3,4) facing the second molding half (7), and a film layer (2) between the two skin layers. (B) Closing the molding tool and discharging gas from one side in order to press the first skin layer against the first molding half. (C) Shaping and consolidating the first porous skin layer. (D) Charging with pressurized air the first space in order to press the second skin layer against the second molding half. (E) Shaping and consolidating the second skin layer.

Abstract: The integrally stiffened panel includes one or more stiffeners oriented in one direction, and one or more stiffeners oriented in a different direction. The stiffeners are integral with a sheet member and intersect at a joint. The joint is configured to incorporate a pocket at the stiffener intersections. The pocket geometry is inverse to the stiffener geometry, and thereby provides moment and stiffness continuity across the joint and between adjacent intersecting stiffeners.

Abstract: A vehicle deck board 1 is molded in such a manner that a lower die 21 and an upper die 22 are clamped together in a state where foamed resins 13 and reinforcements 20 are interposed between a back surface side sheet material 16 and a front surface side sheet material 15, whereby the back surface side sheet material 16 and the front surface side sheet material 15 are welded to each other to thereby form a laminated member 26 with height-increasing bridge members included therein, compressed air is injected into an inside of the laminated member 26 with the height-increasing bridge members included therein, which is formed by welding the back surface side sheet material 16 and the front surface side sheet 15, while individually vacuum-sucking the back surface side sheet material 16 and the front surface side sheet material 15 to the lower die 21 and the upper die 22, and the laminated member 26 concerned is subjected to blow molding.

Abstract: A provides a multilayer structure comprising: at least one first layer comprising a first polymer film that carries, on a first face, a metal deposit, the first face being a free face of the first layer; and at least one second layer comprising a second polymer film. The second layer is joined, in a plurality of junction zones, to the first layer on the first face carrying the metal deposit, the junction zones defining a region of contact between the first layer and the second layer, the first layer and the second layer forming at least one cell outside the contact region.

Abstract: Composite laminated product (1) that forms a deformable cellular structure includes an upper band (2) and a lower band (3) both oriented in the same main direction (X) between the two bands (2, 3) and connecting the latter, a series extends in the direction X, of cylinders (4) referred to as connection cylinders. The connection cylinders (4) are non-touching in the direction X and having their generatrix oriented along an axis Y perpendicular to the direction X. The connection cylinders are composite cylinders including fibers embedded in a resin matrix. Such a laminated product can be used as an elastic beam having a high resistance to flexural/compressive stresses and having a high endurance to such repeated or alternated stresses, in particular as a shear band in a non-pneumatic resilient wheel.

Abstract: A cellular cushioning article is described. The cellular cushioning article may be used to wrap items such as fragile items needing protection during storage or shipping. The article includes a polymeric film including discrete first cells projecting from a major surface of the film. The first cells are arranged in rows parallel to each other, such that for two opposing polymeric films with the major surfaces facing each other, the total thickness of the two opposing polymeric films is less than twice the thickness of one polymeric film. The cellular cushioning article can be fan-folded into a stack occupying much less volume as compared to stacks formed by fan-folding known cellular cushioning articles.

Abstract: A structural element includes a continuous layer comprising a set of first main-faces defining a first surface and a set of second main-faces defining a second surface and the continuous layer extending between the first surface and the second surface, wherein along a first direction, the first main-faces and the second main-faces alternate in order and are connected by first side-faces, along a second direction different from the first direction, the first main-faces and the second main-faces alternate in order and are connected by second side-faces, and along a third direction different from the first direction and different from the second direction, a pair of neighboring first main-faces is connected by a first bridge-face, and the first bridge-face is connected to neighboring second main-faces by first bridge-side-faces.