Abstract: A one-piece component comprising a tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb lattice is disclosed herein, along with a mold, a system and methods of making the component. A one-piece component comprising a truncated tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb lattice also is disclosed, along with corresponding molds, systems and methods.

Abstract: Implementation described and claimed herein include a cushioning structure and method for manufacturing a cellular cushioning system, which allows for maximum comfort through the compression and shock cycle. Specifically, a cushioning structure comprises void cells formed in an array, which comprise multiple outwardly curved surfaces, with varying radius measurements. Stiffness in the void cells can vary by varying the Radii. Outwardly curved surfaces prevent buckling and provide support for high impact by absorbing energy.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses and methods for improving the impact performance of helmets. The disclosed apparatuses and methods allow the head to move within the helmet but dissipate forces upon the head in a plurality of directions using compressible impact-dissipating elements. The compressible impact-dissipating elements are disposed on a base between the head and an outer shell of the helmet. The compressible impact-dissipating elements are attached to the base that is configured to adapt to the interior size/shape of the helmet with which they are used. The compressible impact-dissipating elements are compressible preferably at least 50% of their “short-axis” dimension, and are also preferably capable of movement in a plurality of directions by the use of appropriate attachment elements allowing for such movement.

Abstract: A panel includes a corrugated base with base corrugations configured from first base segments and second base segments. A first of the base corrugations includes a first of the first base segments and a first of the second base segments that is non-parallel to the first of the first base segments. The first of the base corrugations forms a first channel that extends laterally between and longitudinally along the first of the first base segments and the first of the second base segments. A corrugated stringer includes a plurality of stringer corrugations arranged longitudinally along and within the first channel. The stringer corrugations are configured from first stringer segments and second stringer segments. A first of the stringer corrugations includes a first of the first stringer segments and a first of the second stringer segments that is non-parallel to the first of the first stringer segments.

Abstract: A propulsion system comprises a turbine engine, and an engine nacelle including an SPF/DB inner wall having a hot side face sheet against the engine and a cold side face sheet that has noise attenuation openings.

Abstract: An enhanced prepreg for printed circuit board (PCB) laminates includes a substrate and a resin applied to the substrate. The resin includes a curable polymer and a polymerization initiator polymer having a backbone with a free radical initiator forming segment that breaks apart upon being subjected to heat to generate a plurality of non-volatile initiating species. This resin composition eliminates possible volatile loss of the free radical initiator during all processing steps in the preparation of PCB laminates. The resin may additionally include a cross-linking agent, flame retardant and viscosity modifiers. In one embodiment, a sheet of woven glass fibers is impregnated with the resin and subsequently dried or cured. The glass cloth substrate may include a silane coupling agent to couple the resin to the substrate. In another embodiment, resin coated copper (RCC) is prepared by applying the resin to copper and subsequently curing the resin.

Abstract: A method is provided of making a door facing blank that includes a central portion, first and second side portions adjacent to and integral with opposite sides of the central portion, opposite interior and exterior surfaces, and a design element including a molded portion and an embossed portion. The side portions include stile-receiving areas that are substantially planar. The molded portion is molded in the central portion to establish a first groove in the exterior surface of the central portion and a protrusion on the interior surface of the central portion. The embossed portion is embossed in the first side portion to establish a second groove in the exterior surface of the first side portion but no protrusion on the interior surface of the first side portion. The first and second grooves are continuous.

Abstract: A recoiling energy absorbing system has an upper impact surface that is exposed to percussive impact. An energy absorbing layer is positioned below or inside the upper impact surface. The energy absorbing layer includes one or more thermoformed energy absorbing modules. At least some of the modules are provided with one or more energy absorbing units that extend from an upper platform. Several of the energy absorbing units are provided with a flexible wall that extends from the upper platform. A lateral reinforcement member secures the energy absorbing units to prevent them from splaying. The energy absorbing units at least partially absorb energy generated by an impacting object due to the flexible wall bending inwardly or outwardly and recoiling nondestructively after single or multiple impacts to its un-deflected configuration.

Abstract: A recoiling energy absorbing system has an outer shell that is exposed to percussive impact. An energy absorbing layer is positioned inside the outer shell. The energy absorbing layer includes one or more thermoformed energy absorbing modules, at least some of the modules being provided with one or more energy absorbing units that extend from an upper basal layer. At least some of the energy absorbing units are provided with a flexible wall that extends from the upper basal layer. The energy absorbing units at least partially absorb energy generated by an impacting object due to the flexible wall bending inwardly or outwardly and recoiling nondestructively after single or multiple impacts to its undeflected configuration.

Abstract: A sheet material (1) includes a stiffness-increasing concave-convex part (20). A first reference plane (K1), an intermediate reference plane (K3), and a second reference plane (K2) serve as a reference system. The intermediate reference plane is partitioned by first lattice straight lines (L1), second lattice straight lines (L2), and third lattice straight lines (L3) so as to define hexagonal unit areas (24) and triangular unit areas (25) in the intermediate reference plane. Areas that include a plurality of the hexagonal unit areas and the triangular unit areas are designated as first, second and third reference areas (214, 224, 234), respectively. Combinations thereof constitute new first, second and third reference areas (213, 223, 233), respectively. The concave-convex part includes first areas (21) and second areas (22), which respectively include the new first reference areas and the new second reference areas, and third areas (23), which include the new third reference areas.

Abstract: A panel which includes, among protrusions protruding from a predetermined reference surface, flat sections being flush with the reference surface, and recesses being recessed from the reference surface, the protrusions, and the flat sections or recesses, wherein; when the panel includes the flat sections, the entire periphery of each of the protrusions is surrounded by the flat sections, and the entire periphery of each of the flat sections is surrounded by the protrusions, while when the panel includes the recesses, the entire periphery of each of the protrusions is surrounded by the recesses, and the entire periphery of each of the recesses is surrounded by the protrusions.

Abstract: A sheet material (1) includes a stiffness-increasing concave-convex part (20). A first reference plane (K1), an intermediate reference plane (K3), and a second reference plane (K2) serve as a reference system. First reference areas (213), which have a specific shape, and second reference areas (223), which are all areas other than the first reference areas (213), are disposed in the intermediate reference plane (K3). The concave-convex part (20) is formed of first areas (21) as well as second areas (22) and/or plane areas (23).

Abstract: A sheet material (1) includes a stiffness-increasing concave-convex part (20). A first reference plane (K1), an intermediate reference plane (K3), and a second reference plane (K2) serve as a reference system. First unit areas (241) and second unit areas (242) are defined in the intermediate reference plane (K3). Each of the first unit areas (241) and the second unit areas (242) contains first virtual squares (243) and second virtual squares (244). Icosagonal areas that contain only adjacent first virtual squares (243) are designated as first reference areas (213), and icosagonal areas that contain only adjacent second virtual squares (244) are designated as second reference areas (223). The concave-convex part (20) contains first areas (21), which are formed based on the first reference areas (213), as well as second areas (22) and/or plane areas (23), which are formed based on the second reference areas (223).

Abstract: A form liner system comprises a first form liner, a second form liner and a bridge member. Each form liner comprises a plurality of raised portions defining a plurality of cells and at least one partial cell. The form liners are arranged such that the partial cells form a collective cell. The bridge member can be oriented in said collective cell, wherein a first portion of the bridge member is oriented in the first liner partial cell and a second portion of the bridge member is oriented in the second liner partial cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite sheet 1 composed of a substantially flat lower fibrous sheet 3 and an upper fibrous sheet 2 bonded to the lower fibrous sheet 3. The upper fibrous sheet 2 is three-dimensionally textured with a number of projections 5 and a number of depression 6 each of which is located between every adjacent two of the projections 5. The projections 5 and the depressions 6 alternate in both a first direction of the composite sheet 1 and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Each projection 5 has a pair of opposing first walls 51 parallel to the first direction and a pair of opposing second walls 52 parallel to the second direction. The basis weight of the first walls 51 is different from that of the second walls 52.

Abstract: A pyramidal geotextile fabric comprising two sets of multi-lobe filament yarns interwoven in substantially perpendicular direction to each other, each of the multi-lobe filament yarns having pre-determined, different heat shrinkage characteristics such that, upon heating, the fabric forms a three-dimensional, cuspated profile. A method of stabilizing soil and reinforcing vegetation comprises the steps of placing a three-dimensional, high-profile woven fabric into soil, wherein the fabric comprises two sets of multi-lobe filament yarns interwoven in substantially perpendicular direction to each other, each of the multi-lobe filament yarns having pre-determined, different heat shrinkage characteristics such that, upon heating, the fabric forms a three-dimensional, cuspated profile; securing the fabric to the ground; and, distributing soil and seed onto the fabric such that the section of ground is quickly revegetated and thereby protected from further erosion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a slipsheet and/or divider sheet and a method for making the same, the sheet having an imprint or an embossing that provides a raised planar surface. The raised planar surface preferably comprises a plurality of ridges, crowns or crests, which are preferably arranged in a pattern throughout an upper surface of the sheet. To make the sheet, a die can be etched to have protuberances or bumps, and the die is preferably pressed into a sheet of pliable thermoplastic material. The sheet thus made has a plurality of indentation formed by the protuberances or bumps on the die, and the sheet has a planar outer surface comprising a plurality of ridges, crowns and crests between the indentations.

Abstract: Provided is an exhaust gas purifying device structured such that a gas sensor or the like can be easily arranged while an installation length of gas purifying filters can be formed compact. The exhaust gas purifying device includes the gas purifying filters for purifying an exhaust gas discharged from an engine, inner cases internally provided with the gas purifying filters, and outer cases internally provided with the inner cases. Provided are sets of the gas purifying filters, the inner cases and the outer cases, and flange bodies connecting plural sets of outer cases are offset with respect to a connection boundary position of plural sets of gas purifying filters.

Abstract: A patterned substrate includes a substrate and a plurality of protrusions. The protrusions are formed on the substrate. Each protrusion has a top face and a base. Each pair of immediately adjacent protrusions is minimally parted by 0 to 0.2 ?m. When the distance between the adjacent protrusions falls as 0 ?m, the bases thereof contact each other. A horizontal and a vertical light emitting diode structures using the patterned substrate are also discussed.

Abstract: A sheet material (1) includes a stiffness-increasing concave-convex part (20). A first reference plane (K1), an intermediate reference plane (K3), and a second reference plane (K2) serve as a reference system. First reference areas (213), which have a specific shape, and second reference areas (223), which are all areas other than the first reference areas (213), are disposed in the intermediate reference plane (K3). The concave-convex part (20) is formed of first areas (21) as well as second areas (22) and/or plane areas (23).

Abstract: The integrally stiffened panel includes one or more stiffeners oriented in one direction, and one or more stiffeners oriented in a different direction. The stiffeners are integral with a sheet member and intersect at a joint. The joint is configured to incorporate a pocket at the stiffener intersections. The pocket geometry is inverse to the stiffener geometry, and thereby provides moment and stiffness continuity across the joint and between adjacent intersecting stiffeners.

Abstract: A sheet material (1) includes a stiffness-increasing concave-convex part (20). A first reference plane (K1), an intermediate reference plane (K3), and a second reference plane (K2) serve as a reference system. The intermediate reference plane is partitioned by first lattice straight lines (L1), second lattice straight lines (L2), and third lattice straight lines (L3) so as to define hexagonal unit areas (24) and triangular unit areas (25) in the intermediate reference plane. Areas that include a plurality of the hexagonal unit areas and the triangular unit areas are designated as first, second and third reference areas (214, 224, 234), respectively. Combinations thereof constitute new first, second and third reference areas (213, 223, 233), respectively. The concave-convex part includes first areas (21) and second areas (22), which respectively include the new first reference areas and the new second reference areas, and third areas (23), which include the new third reference areas.

Abstract: A sheet material (1) has a concave-convex part (20). Using first, second and intermediate reference planes (K1, K2, K3) as a reference system, a virtual lattice longitudinally and laterally divides a unit area (23) disposed in the intermediate reference plane (K3) into n equal parts that are categorized as first boxes (231) and second boxes (232). A first reference area (213) contains a plurality of the first boxes (231), and a second reference area (223) contains a plurality of the second boxes (232). First areas (21) respectively protrude from the first reference areas (213) toward the first reference plane (K1). Second areas (22) respectively protrude from the second reference areas (223) toward the second reference plane (K2). Each of the first areas comprises a first top surface (211) and first side surfaces (212). Each of the second areas comprises a second top surface (221) and second side surfaces (222).

Abstract: A vacuum insulation element, which consists of a multi-layer configuration of at least two molded plates, that can be subjected to a vacuum, wherein the molded plates in each case have a surrounding edge region which in each case form a sealing surface, wherein the sealing surfaces of the molded plates are hermetically bonded together in the assembled state thus forming a sealing frame, such that a cavity between the, at least two, molded plates is sealed in a manner that is vacuum-tight, and the structure of the, at least two, molded plates distributes the atmospheric pressure which is applied to the multi-layer configuration when subjected to a vacuum such that the specified structure remains stable, wherein the molded plates have numerous molded structural elements in the shape of projections and depressions which face in opposite directions from the molded plates and the projections, or respectively, depressions which face the other plate respectively rest against each other thereby forming a grid of supp

Abstract: An adhesive article and a method of making the adhesive article are described. The adhesive article includes a facestock film having a first surface, a second surface and end edges wherein the second surface has a plurality of recesses formed therein that provide a path for fluid egress to at least one end edge; and a continuous layer of adhesive adhered to the second surface of the facestock film. The adhesive layer can compress, collapse or flex into the recesses of the embossed surface in response to a force to create a path for fluid egress.

Abstract: An absorbent structure having a longitudinal axis, a lateral axis, a z-direction axis normal to the longitudinal and lateral axes, longitudinally opposite ends and laterally opposite side edges. An upper surface of the absorbent structure has a three-dimensional topography relative to the longitudinal and lateral axes and defines a plurality of peaks and valleys of the upper surface relative to the z-direction. A lower surface of the absorbent structure has a three-dimensional topography relative to the longitudinal and lateral axes and defines a plurality of the peaks and valleys of the lower surface relative to the z-direction. The absorbent structure has a projected area as determined by a Topography Analysis Method, and the upper surface of the absorbent structure has a vertical area as determined by the Topography Analysis Method of at least about 0.1 cm2 per 1.0 cm2 projected area of the absorbent structure.

Abstract: A three-dimensional support structure is provided and includes a single sheet of material that is folded into a repeating pattern of cells. Each of the cells is formed by first and second spaced-apart endwalls and first and second sloped sidewalls spanning between the endwalls. Each endwall comprises two plies of material while each sidewall comprises a single ply of material. The first and second sidewalls are adjoined at a folded edge. The cells are aligned such that the first endwall of one cell from the repeating pattern abuts the second endwall of an adjacent cell of the repeating pattern to form a four-ply wall of the material. A first liner may be attached to a first side of the folded material and a second liner may be attached to a second side of the folded material.

Abstract: A liquid-controlling surface, comprising a formation comprising a plurality of individual open topped, closed bottomed cells for containing liquid, each of the cells having a cell wall integral with the closed bottom and defining a well; a plurality of distribution channels extending between adjacent cells and being position on the cell wall at a height to permit liquid to drain to the adjacent cell when a cell liquid level exceeds a predetermined limit and to permit liquid to be retained in the well up to the limit; and a perimeter wall surrounding the cells. The perimeter wall having a height higher than the distribution channels to prevent liquid from leaking from the cells to an area outside the perimeter, and where the formation and perimeter wall comprise rubber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a slipsheet and/or divider sheet and a method for making the same, the sheet having an imprint or an embossing that provides a raised planar surface. The raised planar surface preferably comprises a plurality of ridges, crowns or crests, which are preferably arranged in a pattern throughout an upper surface of the sheet. To make the sheet, a die can be etched to have protuberances or bumps, and the die is preferably pressed into a sheet of pliable thermoplastic material. The sheet thus made has a plurality of indentation formed by the protuberances or bumps on the die, and the sheet has a planar outer surface comprising a plurality of ridges, crowns and crests between the indentations.

Abstract: There is provided a human-body aimed spacer for restricting rugged feeling, which is flexible and light-weighted and requires only a smaller storage space. The spacer comprises a number of convex parts 20, and flexible connecting portions 26. The convex parts 20 each comprises: a frame-like portion 21 formed at a side contacting with a human body; four column portions 22, each having one end continuing to the frame-like portion, and each being formed to rise from the frame-like portion; and a rising-portion integrator 23 for interconnecting the other ends of the column portions 22 with one another. The flexible connecting portions 26 each interconnect adjacent ones of the frame-like portions 21 with each other. The spacer is configured to contact with a human body at the side where the frame-like portions 21 are formed, and to abut on a cushion or the like at the side where the rising-portion integrators are formed.

Abstract: A method of making a wound glass filament web, the method including forming a plurality of continuous glass filaments, winding the filaments on a drum, and contacting the filaments with an aqueous binder composition having a pH of at least 4.0 and including an aqueous carboxy functional polymer and a condensation catalyst.

Abstract: An energy absorber in which an energy-absorbing property in a collision can be set to a predetermined property is provided. An energy absorber (1) which is installed between an auto body panel and an interior member of an automobile, so as to absorb impact energy of a collision includes a base (2) which is fastened between the auto body panel and the interior member; and a plurality of projections (3) which projects from the base and is formed into a hollow conical shape or a hollow circular truncated cone shape, wherein the plurality of projections has different heights and different number of liner convex ribs (4), the rib projecting from an outer circumferential face of the projection and extending from a leading end of the projection to the base, the projections next to each other are not coupled via the rib, and the rib is not provided on a line connecting the centers of the projections next to each other.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate for forming a pattern comprising an inorganic layer having a modified surface, wherein the modified surface is formed by coating a surface of the inorganic layer with a bifunctional molecule comprising a functional group having an affinity for a nanocrystal at one end of the molecule and a functional group having an affinity for the inorganic layer at the other end of the molecule. A method for forming a pattern of nanocrystals is also provided.

Abstract: A pyramidal geotextile fabric comprising two sets of multi-lobe filament yarns interwoven in substantially perpendicular direction to each other, each of the multi-lobe filament yarns having pre-determined, different heat shrinkage characteristics such that, upon heating, the fabric forms a three-dimensional, cuspated profile. A method of stabilizing soil and reinforcing vegetation comprises the steps of placing a three-dimensional, high-profile woven fabric into soil, wherein the fabric comprises two sets of multi-lobe filament yarns interwoven in substantially perpendicular direction to each other, each of the multi-lobe filament yarns having pre-determined, different heat shrinkage characteristics such that, upon heating, the fabric forms a three-dimensional, cuspated profile; securing the fabric to the ground; and, distributing soil and seed onto the fabric such that the section of ground is quickly revegetated and thereby protected from further erosion.

Abstract: A noise-reducing substrate for use in a flooring system which ha a subfloor and a floating floor upper layer. The substrate comprises a series of edge butted panels, each having a bottom surface, a top surface and side surfaces. A profile in the bottom surface of the substrate changes the substrate's effective stiffness improving the noise isolation of the substrate compared to the stiffness and noise isolation of the panel without the profile. Additionally, the profile reduces the weight of the panel, thereby reducing manufacturing and installation costs. Material hardness and profile flatness of the upper surface provide the strength and texture required to allow for installation of the floating floor layer without the need for an additional rigid backing material. Such a system greatly improves the impact noise reduction on floor/ceiling systems while keeping the installation cost low and adding little to the total system thickness.

Abstract: A liquid-controlling surface, comprising a formation comprising a plurality of individual cells for containing liquid, each of said cells having a cell wall; a plurality of distribution channels, one connecting each cell to each adjacent cell, each distribution channel being positioned on the internal cell wall at a height so as to channel liquid to the adjacent cell when a cell liquid level exceeds a predetermined limit; a perimeter wall for preventing liquid from leaking to an area outside the wall.

Abstract: The invention is an impermeable floor cover for protecting a surface while working along door regions, which utilizes one or more cover components, designed to allow full door movement variability. The specialized cover is made with a light, flexible and durable fabric, which maintains a flat composure and is adapted to register with one or more door jambs to substantially cover a floor space. Each cover component includes multiple grooves adapted to register with a door's jambs for protecting a surface area from undesired exposure to substances such as paint.

Abstract: A composite sheet comprising an upper layer 2 and a lower layer 3 both made of a substantially inextensible sheet which are partially bonded to each other at a large number of joints 4. The upper layer 2 forms a large number of outward hollow projections 5 in the area other than the joints 4. The projections 5 and the joints 4 are arranged such that the projections and the joints alternate in one direction to make lines and that the projections in each of the lines are out of alignment with the projections in the adjacent lines.

Abstract: A three-dimensional support structure is provided and includes a single sheet of material that is folded into a repeating pattern of cells. Each of the cells is formed by first and second spaced-apart endwalls and first and second sloped sidewalls spanning between the endwalls. Each endwall comprises two plies of material while each sidewall comprises a single ply of material. The first and second sidewalls are adjoined at a folded edge. The cells are aligned such that the first endwall of one cell from the repeating pattern abuts the second endwall of an adjacent cell of the repeating pattern to form a four-ply wall of the material. A first liner may be attached to a first side of the folded material and a second liner may be attached to a second side of the folded material.

Abstract: An alternating pattern gel cushioning device and methods for making the same. The gel pattern may be two or three dimensional. The devices may be zoned or stacked. The device may be made by a variety of methods including roller molding, open face molding, injection molding, casting, extrusion, compression molding and other methods.

Abstract: A composite sheet that has a low basis weight and can inhibit adhesives from flowing out is provided. The composite sheet 1 according to the present invention is formed by bonding a stretchable nonwoven fabric 2 and a non-stretchable nonwoven fabric 3 to each other with adhesives 4. The stretchable nonwoven fabric 2 in an extended state is bonded to the non-stretchable sheet. The stretchable nonwoven fabric 2 has a plurality of strip-shaped non-dense regions 21 and a plurality of strip-shaped dense regions 22 formed on both its surfaces alternately and alternately in the transverse direction such that the dense regions 22 on one of the surfaces and the dense regions 22 on the other surface are not overlapped with each other. The stretchable nonwoven fabric 2 includes thermoplastic fibers that have been stretched at least partially and elastomer fibers.

Abstract: An embossed sheet is composed of at least a first and a second ply of creped tissue having a basis weight between 12 and 30 g/m2 according to which the first ply has a first embossed pattern composed of a series of first aligned protrusions of frustoconical overall shape, the tops of which are oriented towards the inside of the sheet, and the second ply has a first and a second series of protrusions, the tops of which are oriented towards the inside of the sheet, the second series having a height greater than that of the first series of protrusions. The protrusions of the first ply and the highest protrusions of the second ply are nested inside one another, and the lowest protrusions of the second ply are arranged between the protrusions of the first ply so as to create empty spaces between the two plies and promote a rapid absorption of liquid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an adhesive article and methods of manufacturing the adhesive article. The adhesive article comprising at least one major surface comprising a microstructured surface, the microstructured surface comprising microstructured elements, the microstructured elements comprising walls and at least one wall has variable height with a maximum height and a minimum height along the wall length.

Abstract: A laminate is described that includes a cover layer and a substrate layer. The substrate layer includes a natural fiber composite where natural fibers are bonded together by a polymer binder.

Abstract: A composite sheet comprising an upper layer 2 and a lower layer 3 both made of a substantially inextensible sheet which are partially bonded to each other at a large number of joints 4. The upper layer 2 forms a large number of outward hollow projections 5 in the area other than the joints 4. The projections 5 and the joints 4 are arranged such that the projections and the joints alternate in one direction to make lines and that the projections in each of the lines are out of alignment with the projections in the adjacent lines.

Abstract: Present invention relates to a process of forming a multi-layer pad of a non-woven fiber batt and a foam layer having conforming convoluted surfaces and to a multi-layer pad incorporating a non-woven fiber batt and foam layer. The process of forming a non-woven batt layer and a foam layer having conforming convoluted surfaces comprises transporting each layer along its longitudinal dimension while compressing each layer along its lateral dimension. Concomitantly with compression, each layer is cut transversely along its lateral dimension to separate each layer into an upper segment and a lower segment and to provide conforming convoluted surfaces on the segments of each layer, the convoluted surfaces comprised of upstanding projections and depressions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sheet-like materials suitable for use in the containment and protection of various items, as well as the preservation of perishable materials such as food items. More particularly, the present invention provides an improved storage wrap material comprising a sheet of material having a first side and a second side. The first side comprises an active side exhibiting an adhesion peel force after activation by a user which is greater than an adhesion peel force exhibited prior to activation by a user. The storage wrap material may be activated by different approaches, but in a preferred embodiment the active side is activatible by an externally applied force exerted upon the sheet of material. The force may be an externally applied compressive force exerted in a direction substantially normal to the sheet of material.

Abstract: A composite structure, and method of manufacturing it, having a specified width, length, and height defining a top and bottom the composite structure. The composite structure includes a three dimensional structural core constructed of a polymer with a first series of a geometric pattern repeated along its length. The structural core also has a second series of the geometric pattern repeated along the width thereof. The geometric patter may be a sinusoidal curve or a substantially pyramidal shape. The composite structure also includes a first reinforcement layer made of a polymer positioned above the structural core and bonded thereto. It also includes a second reinforcement layer made of a polymer that is positioned below the structural core and bonded thereto. The composite structure may also include a decorative layer above the first reinforcement layer, an acoustical batting layer positioned between the first reinforcement layer and the structural core, and may include fire retardant chemicals.

Abstract: A pad structure with arc bridges like structure that can provide sufficient elasticity and strength. The pad structure mainly contains: a frame, a first layer and a second layer. The frame contains plural interlaced members. Each of the members contains a top surface, a bottom surface and two side surfaces. The frame has plural grids therein. The first layer contains a bottom surface having a first portion and a second portion. The first portion of the bottom surface of the first layer is united on the top surfaces of the frame. The first layer forms plural upwardly protrudent arc surfaces on top of the grids. The second layer contains a top surface united on the bottom surfaces, the side surfaces of the frame and the second portion of the bottom surface of the first layer.

Abstract: A composite panel waffle stiffener has fabric plies pre-cut to a selected pattern and laid on a tool having a waffle configuration. The plies overlap each other to maintain continuity of the structure. The resulting waffle stiffener is then bonded to a panel requiring stiffening. The stiffener is flexible and may be bonded to curved panels. Holes in the stiffener allow access to the volume between the stiffener and the panel for minimizing volume loss within, for example, a wing structure containing fuel and for ventilating air or moisture trapped in the volume.