Abstract: A method of preparing paper for filter bags, the method of the type comprising a step during which a non-woven paper is prepared comprising two superposed layers, namely a layer based on synthetic fibers and a layer of cellulose fibers, by a technique which is known per se, wherein the method includes a subsequent step of subjecting the non-woven paper to a calendering operation between a support structure and a heated cylinder having projections. The present invention also provides apparatus for implementing the method and products obtained in this manner.

Abstract: An extensible composite fabric including a multiplicity of continuous fibers extending in one direction and distorted into aligned, locally parallel, curved paths for imparting extensibility to the fabric in that direction, and a method and apparatus for making such a composite fabric.

Abstract: A composite includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a discontinuous adhesive structure disposed intermediate the first and second substrates for securing the first and second substrates together to form a composite without significantly modifying the properties of either of the first and second substrates. The discontinuous adhesive structure is an array of substantially linear filaments or strands of an adhesive.

Abstract: A device to capture, contain and collect hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline and diesel before they can be spilled or leaked from the ventilation valve or fuel intake port of the fuel tank of a vessel and on to the surface of the water during fueling operations at marine fueling facilities. The device is formed as a low-profile box with a floor section and upright wall sections having stratified layers of a textile material and a solidifying polymer enclosed within a outer envelope of textile material. A seamed area at the center of the device with slits in the textile material allows the device to circumscribe the annular conduit of a device passing through the seamed area.

Abstract: Described is a flat multifilament yarn with minimal opening tendency of the mutually bound-together filaments, expressed by the quantityVS(K.sub.F)>42%and with good compaction, expressed by the quantity(VG.sub.mean /VG.sub.max) * 100%>45%the VG quantities being degrees of intermingling determined using the Rothschild needle tester model 2040, VG.sub.mean being the arithmetic mean of 20 needle test measurements, and VG.sub.max being the maximum value of 20 needle test measurements. VS(K.sub.F) is the intermingling stability at a given total yarn tension K.sub.F determined by measuring the opening tendency of the flat multifilament yarn under dynamic-mechanical stress by a specific method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composite elastic necked-bonded material including at least one necked material joined to at least one elastic sheet. The composite elastic necked-bonded material is stretchable in a direction generally parallel to the direction of constriction or necking of the necked material. Also disclosed is a method of producing a composite elastic necked-bonded material by extruding a film of substantially molten elastomer through a die tip; depositing the extruded elastomeric film onto a tensioned, necked material within from about 0.1 to about 1 second of exiting the die tip to form a multilayer material; and then immediately applying pressure to the multilayer material to bond the tensioned, necked material to the elastomeric film.

Abstract: A flexible laminated surface material has an outer material and a laminate wadding composed of a fibrous web and a nonwoven fabric sheet that are together needle punched. Parts of filaments of the web penetrate through the nonwoven fabric sheet, thus forming many small protrusions on the nonwoven fabric sheet. The outer material is adhered, using entire area or spot adhesion techniques, to the nonwoven fabric sheet side of the wadding with a substantial adhesion strength. By varying the amount of the adhesion applied, different types of adhesion can be achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a self-adhesive nonwoven elastic composite material composed of at least one elastic composite material; and a coating of a self-adhesive material on at least a portion of at least one exterior surface of the elastic composite material so that the material is capable of being compressed in the Z-direction at least about 45 percent at a pressure of about 3 psi to a thickness of not less than about 0.035 inch. The elastic composite material may contain an elastomeric nonwoven fibrous web joined to at least one relatively nonelastic gatherable material at spaced-apart locations so that the gatherable material is gathered between the spaced-apart locations. Such an elastic composite material can be coated with a self-adhesive material on at least a portion of at least one exterior surface of the elastic composite material so that the peel strength of the self-adhesive material is less than the peel strength of the layers of the elastic composite material.

Abstract: A composite nonwoven fabric having at least one hydrophobic microporous layer and at least one other layer formed of multicomponent fibers. The multicomponent fibers comprise a lower melting thermoplastic resin component and one or more higher melting thermoplastic resin components, wherein a substantial proportion of the surfaces of the multicomponent fibers consists of the lower melting thermoplastic resin component. The microporous layer is composed in substantial part of at least one thermoplastic resin which is thermally miscible with and adherent, upon thermal activation, to the lower melting thermoplastic resin component of the multicomponent fibers.

Abstract: A method of making a flexible fabric composed of a fibrous matrix of ribbon-like, conjugate, spun filaments. The method includes the following steps: 1) providing a fibrous matrix composed of individual, spun filaments bonded at spaced-apart bond locations, the filaments themselves being composed of: (i) a core formed of at least one low-softening point thermoplastic component; and (ii) a sheath formed of at least one high-softening point component; and 2) applying a flattening force to the fibrous matrix to durably distort the core of individual filaments into a ribbon-like configuration having a width greater than its height so that: (i) the individual filaments are substantially unattached between the spaced-apart bond locations, and (ii) the width of individual filaments is oriented substantially in the planar dimension of the fabric. Also disclosed is a flexible fabric composed of a fibrous matrix of ribbon-like, conjugate, spun filaments joined at spaced apart bond locations.

Abstract: A nonwoven fabric is provided which has good barrier properties, softness and breathability. A linear low density polyethylene is used in a meltblown layer in this invention to provide barrier properties comparable to polypropylene. The meltblown layer may be used in a multilayer laminate and the other layers may be comprised of bicomponent fibers. The fabric may be used in, for example, diapers, feminine hygiene products, adult incontinence products, wound dressings, bandages, sterilization wraps, surgical gowns and drapes and wipers.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing conductive areas through selected portions of the Z axis of a porous planar material. In the process, the planar material is sensitized to the reception of electroless metal with an electroless metal deposition solution. The planar material is provided throughout the selected Z axis areas with a metal salt composition which on exposure to radiant energy, such as light, electron beams, x-ray, and the like, so as to convert the metal cations to metal nuclei. The metal nuclei is then displaced with a more stable metal, such as palladium and then the material is electrolessly plated. The metalized planar material is then imbibed with a resin at such a percentage so that adhesion is provided between two substrates without loss of conductivity in the Z axis.

Abstract: A polyester film for magnetic recording media, a process for preparation thereof and a magnetic recording medium comprising the film having formed on the surface of a ferromagnetic metallic thin membrane, said polyester film being one wherein on the surface of one side or both sides of the film,(i) fine protuberances having an average height of 0.15 .mu.m or less exist at a rate of 1.0.times.10.sup.4 to 1.0.times.10.sup.8 per mm.sup.2,(ii) the fine protuberances are composed of fine particles whose surface is coated with a binder resin,(iii) the fine protuberances are stuck on the film surface by the binder resin,(iv) the binder resin does not substantially exist on the film surface other than in the vicinity of the film surface where the fine protuberances exist, and(v) the average surface roughness (Ra) of the film surface is in the range of 0.001 to 0.01 .mu.m.

Abstract: Nonwoven sheet materials, and pressure sensitive adhesive tapes formed from nonwoven sheet materials are provided. The nonwoven sheet materials comprise a randomly interlaced fibrous web of tensilized nonfracturable staple fibers and binder fibers, wherein the fibrous web is pattern embossed, and is interbonded by a chemical bonding agent, physical entanglement, or a combination thereof, and further wherein the nonwoven sheet material is readily finger-tearable in the cross web direction. Methods of making nonwoven sheet materials and adhesive tapes are also provided.

Abstract: A melt-extrudable thermoplastic composition is provided which includes a thermoplastic polyolefin and an additive system made up of a first component and a second component, in which (A) the first component is a defined polysiloxane polyether having a molecular weight of from about 350 to about 18,000 and which is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 3 percent by weight, based on the amount of thermoplastic polyolefin; and (B) the second component is a hydrophobic fumed silica, in which the weight ratio of the first component to the second component is in the range of from about 20 to about 300. Such composition yields, upon melt-extrusion, either nonwoven webs having significantly increased tensile strengths when compared to nonwoven webs prepared from the thermoplastic polyolefin alone, or wettable webs requiring an amount of first component which is significantly less than that required in the absence of the second component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lightweight nonwoven laminate particularly useful as a component of personal care articles, for example as a barrier cuff material for disposable diapers. Components of the laminate include at least one fine fiber layer having a basis weight in the range of from about 1.5 gsm to 26 gsm and at least one continuous filament layer having a basis weight in the range of from about 10 gsm to 30 gsm. The fine fiber component comprises at least a ratio of 5% and the layers are intermittently bonded for a total basis weight up to about 55 gsm. Desirable softness, breathability and barrier properties are obtained.

Abstract: A heat shrinkable nonwoven fabric includes outer layers of thermoplastic staple fibers and an inner layer containing heat shrinkable fibers the layers are point bonded together at spaced locations without causing shrinkage of the heat shrinkable fibers. The web may then be uniformly heated in a relaxed state to cause a substantial increase in bulk.

Abstract: A method and material for shrink wrapping articles includes wrapping the article with a shrink wrapping material having a shrink/stretch film outer layer and an inner layer of a non-woven fabric. The shrink/stretch film responds to heat by shrinking around the article being wrapped, while the non-woven material aerates to form bubbles thus acting as a cushion between the shrink/stretch film outer layer and the article being wrapped. Accordingly, the article being wrapped is protected during the shrinking process, and is also protected from hurled objects while the article is being transported. The non-woven layer may be treated with chemical additives to control the environment in which the article is wrapped and/or to indicate tampering.

Abstract: Described herein are artificial leather sub-composite and composite materials which are prepared with minimal or no use of solvents and which exhibit improved resistance to the phenomenon of "read through". The sub-composite and composite materials each include a thermoplastic film facing layer thermally embossed with a simulated leather texture and a barrier layer thermoplastically bonded to the facing layer. The composite material includes a flexible backing layer adhesively bonded to the barrier layer.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a composite nonwoven fabric comprising first and second nonwoven webs of spunbonded substantially continuous thermoplastic filaments, and a nonwoven hydrophobic microporous web of thermoplastic meltblown microfibers sandwiched between the first and second nonwoven webs. The filaments of the nonwoven spunbond webs are formed of continuous multiconstituent filaments which include a lower melting gamma radiation stable polyethylene polymer component and one or more higher melting gamma radiation stable polymer constituents, wherein a substantial portion of the surfaces of the multiconstituent filaments consists of the lower melting gamma radiation stable polyethylene constituent. The nonwoven hydrophobic microporous web is formed from a gamma radiation stable polyethylene polymer.

Abstract: A thin, layered, absorbent structure comprises first and second layers of fibrous material and an intermediate layer comprising particles of a hydrogelling, absorbent material and particles of a thermoplastic, polymeric, organic material, the first and second fibrous layers extend beyond the intermediate layer laterally to form longitudinal edge portions.The two fibrous layers are bound together with the intermediate layer between them by the melting of the particles of thermoplastic, polymeric, organic material and by means of a continuous line of adhesive extending longitudinally on each longitudinal edge portion.

Abstract: The pad, of round or polygonal shape, has two compressed outer surfaces, and an entirely or nearly uncompressed body. The more highly compressed the surfaces, the less permeable the pad becomes to liquids and substances having the consistency of a salve. The pads are suitable for applying and/or absorbing liquid or semi-liquid materials in cosmetics, medicine end numerous fields of technology.

Abstract: A composite integral sheet of wrap material which includes a first layer of absorbent material containing fibers bearing foraminous hydrophobic water-vapor-permeable pellicles, a second layer of printable material and an impermeable pigmented polymer layer interposed between the first and second layers. Additionally, the absorbent layer will include highly absorbent material formed by in-situ crosslinking of a partially pre-neutralized polyacrylic acid. The composite wrap material has a plurality of air pockets formed between at least one of the first or second layers and the polymer layer, by discontinuously bonding the first or second layers to the polymer material. A method of making the composite integral sheet.

Abstract: A plastic sheet, preferably of plasticized partial polyvinyl butyral, for a laminated safety glazing, having means dispersed on its surface, preferably comprising a multiplicity of spaced projections, capable of resisting adhesion to a rigid panel, such as glass, of such a glazing when the sheet is laminated to the panel, the area of the sheet surface without such dispersed means having high affinity for adhesion. The projections physically block adhesion of a dispersed area of the sheet to the panel in that the means on the sheet surface have no or weak interfacial adhesion. The multiplicity of space projections also have low or no affinity for adhesion when in blocking contact with each other or with another plasticized partial polyvinyl butyral surface and thereby increase blocking resistance.

Abstract: A fabric, particularly for use as a shoe lining, comprising a first knitted or woven layer laminated to a second non-woven layer whereby moisture is drawn away from the surface adjacent a moisture source through the first layer into the second layer which acts as a reservoir for the moisture.

Abstract: A thermosensitive recording material contains a mono-, oligo- or polysaccharide and a catalyst in one or more binder layers arranged on a transparent support. A black-and-white image with high optical density, good grey step reproduction, great sharpness and good stability is formed when the material is heated imagewise, e.g. by means of a thermohead.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for adhering a flexible fibrous sheet (such as a canvas) to a semi-rigid thermoplastic resinous sheet (such as a polycarbonate or acrylic sheet). The method comprises the steps of contacting an edge surface of the flexible fibrous sheet with a thermosetting resin and allowing the resin to cure to yield a unified surface, applying an adhesive along of an edge surface of the semi-rigid sheet to yield an adhesive surface and contacting the unified surface of the flexible fibrous sheet with the adhesive surface of the semi-rigid sheet to adhere the flexible fibrous sheet to the semi-rigid sheet. The products made by this method are suitable for a variety of applications, including use as boat and dwelling enclosures.

Abstract: A method for welding a plurality of stacked laminations includes positioning an edge of the laminations adjacent to a pulsed laser for receiving a pulsed laser beam at the kerf defined between adjacent laminations. The laser is operated to direct the pulsed laser beam at the kerf for melting the adjacent laminations to a predetermined maximum depth. The laser is controlled to limit heat input at the kerf for effecting a generally parabolic melting zone. The stacked laminations 10 are moved transversely edge-to-edge relative to the pulsed laser beam for repeating the pulsed welding at successive kerfs.

Abstract: High loft durable nonwoven material comprising facing and base components and corresponding process for preparation thereof and process for obtaining by(a) forming and compiling a facing component comprising one or more facing web(s) of staple fiber and/or fibrillated film;(b) lightly bonding the formed and compiled facing webs, utilizing a low density bonding pattern having a small bonding area relative to the corresponding surface area of said facing component;(c) laying a web comprising staple fiber and/or fibrillated film onto the lightly bonded facing component under conditions favoring arrangement in general cross or transverse direction relative to machine direction of the facing component; and(d) bonding said cross or transversely laid web to form a base component to said facing component, utilizing a substantially greater bonding density then employed for said facing component, to obtain the desired nonwoven material.

Abstract: There is disclosed a structured fiber material with a three-dimensional network structure containing non-elastic crimped short fibers (A) and three-dimensionally crimped composite fibers (B), the fibers (B) being partially interlocked with each other, in which contact portions the fibers (B) are partially heat-bonded with each other; the fibers (B) being partially wound around the fibers (A) at their contact points, in which contact portions the fibers (A) and (B) are partially heat-bonded with each other; and the material having an apparent density of 0.005 to 0.10 g/cm.sup.3. Also disclosed is a process for producing the structured fiber material.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a sanitary napkin. The sanitary napkin includes a topsheet, a first backsheet joined to the topsheet, and an absorbent core positioned between the topsheet and the first backsheet. A second backsheet is joined to the first backsheet. The second backsheet includes a line of weakness defining a portion of the second backsheet to be separated from the remainder of the second backsheet. The second backsheet is secured to the first backsheet within the line of weakness along a plurality of bond sites. The bond sites form perforations in the first backsheet upon separation and removal of the second backsheet within the line of weakness.

Abstract: A two-ply paper-to-paper composite material having insulating properties and a method for its manufacture wherein the composite includes a pair of paper sheets, at least one of which has been treated to make it moisture-proof and grease-proof wherein the sheets are selectively bonded directly to the other to define air pockets therebetween wherein the bond is established by an alkali metal silicate adhesive.

Abstract: Wearing apparel for protecting the wearer against radioactive contamination is manufactured from single use disposable laminated material which comprises a first continuous layer of non-macerating hypoallergenic cellulosic material for contact with the wearer's skin and a second continuous layer of cellulosic material exposed to external contamination. The first and second layers are bonded together with a third contiguous layer interposed between them. The third layer is of a microporous adsorbent material allowing passage of body vapors from the wearer to the ambient region while restricting passage of liquid in the opposite direction. The laminated material exhibits a tensile yield strength of at least approximately 2,000 psi, a shear yield strength of at least approximately 1,000 psi, and an overall coefficient of heat transfer of at least approximately 2.75 BTU/hr.ft.sup.2 -.degree.F. The microporous adsorbent material may be activated charcoal or hydrated alumina silicate.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a hard faced fan blade containment system for turbofan aircraft engines, and the product resulting from that method. The product combines a hard facing material, a high strength fiber and an elastomeric binder to form a fan blade containment system which is lightweight and effectively retains fan blade fragments. The method consists of lightly bonding layers of high strength fibers together with a small amount of elastomeric binder so that they work in unison as a composite to contain a failed fan blade rather than as individual layers which are subject to sequential failure. In addition, a hard material such as ceramic or heat treated steel is encapsulated in an elastomer and bonded to the impact face of the containment system to blunt sharp edges of failed blade fragments and to spread the impact energy of the blade fragments over a larger area of the high strength fiber backing.

Abstract: The properties of (meth)acrylic ester/(meth)acrylic acid copolymer webs, such as films and nonwovens, are improved by blending the ester/acid copolymer with a copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid. The copolymer blend provides a polymeric material which is useful for making personal care products such as diapers and feminine pads in that it can be made water-soluble while exhibiting other properties which are necessary for adequate product performance.

Abstract: A multilayer nonwoven thermal insulating batt is provided. The batt comprises a blend of bonding staple fibers and staple fill fibers, the fibers being formed into a multilayer batt. The bonding fibers are subsequently bonded sparingly to staple fill fibers at the points of contact to enhance the structural stability of the multilayer batt but allow delamination of the individual web layers under mechanical action.

Abstract: A paper sheet having several distinct layers comprised of at least two plies of paper glued together in discrete areas and characterized by having patterns which correspond to areas of reduced thickness on both outer surfaces of the plies of paper.

Abstract: A multilayer nonwoven thermal insulating batt is provided. The batt comprises multiple layers of webs, each web being a blend of 5 to 100 weight percent bonding staple fibers and 0 to 95 weight percent staple fill fibers, the bonding fibers bonded to other bonding fibers and fill fibers at the points of contact to enhance the structural stability of the layers of the batt. Also provided is a method of making the thermal insulating nonwoven multilayer batt comprising the steps of: (a) forming a web of bonding staple fibers and staple fill fibers; (b) subjecting the web to sufficient heat to cause bonding of the bonding staple fibers to other bonding staple fibers and staple fill fibers at points of contact within the web to stabilize the web; and (c) forming a batt of multiple layers of said webs.

Abstract: A film for packaging sliced foodstuffs, such as, for example cheese slices, is wound around the foodstuff in the form of a tube lying flat and completely encloses the foodstuff, the two edge zones on the longitudinal axes of the film overlapping and being joined to one another by a full-surface or partial heat-sealable coating. The film comprises a monolayer or coextruded multilayer, in each case biaxially stretched and heat-fixed, film, which has full-surface or partial peelable heat-sealable coating and contains a water-repellant additive component mixture.

Abstract: Spunbonded nonwoven nylon fabrics are formed from a blend of nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 polymers. A blend or copolymer of 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of nylon 6, balance nylon 6,6 is extruded into continuous filaments, pneumatically attenuated and drawn, and deposited onto a collection surface forming a web. The web is bonded either chemically or thermally. The fabric exhibits improved filament bonding. The addition of nylon 6 also improves the spinning performance of a nylon 6,6 spunbonded nonwoven process.

Abstract: A nonwoven fabric made with multicomponent polymeric strands includes a blend of a polyolefin and elastomeric thermoplastic material in one side or the sheath of the multicomponent polymeric strands. The fabric has improved abrasion resistance and comparable strength and softness properties. The thermoplastic elastomeric copolymer is preferably A-B-A' block copolymer wherein A and A' are each a thermoplastic endblock which includes a styrenic moiety and wherein B is an elastomeric poly(ethylene-butylene) mid block. Composite materials including such multicomponent material bonded to both sides of an inner meltblown layer are also disclosed.

Abstract: There is described a tape comprising unidirectionally oriented reinforcing and thermoplastic fibers composed of yarns of reinforcing and/or thermoplastic fibers, the yarn density being about 5 to 20 yarns/cm of width and the yarns having a linear density of about 1000 to 3000 dtex, the matrix fibers having been locally incipiently or completely melted on at least one of the tape surfaces to form consolidation points. The tape is suitable as a starting material for producing composite materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a point bonded polyolefin nonwoven fabric fabricated from conjugate fibers containing a polyolefin and a polyamide. Advantageously, the nonwoven fabric can be point bonded at a temperature significantly below conventional polyolefin nonwoven web bonding temperatures and in a wide range of different bonding temperatures without significantly sacrificing its tensile strength. Additionally provided is a process for producing the point bonded nonwoven fabric.

Abstract: The invention relates to a textile for stiffening. It comprises two textile layers (1, 2).According to the invention, the textile layers (1, 2) are bonded together by a hot-sprayed adhesive formed of cross-linkable polymers.

Abstract: In laminates composed of a woven or knitted fabric and a film impermeable to water and permeable to water vapor, the woven or knitted fabric is made of unstretched or partially stretched fibers. The laminates are highly extensible and retain the shape obtained by stretching. They are particularly useful as starting materials for intermediate layers in shoes and gloves and confer advantages over and above known laminates in respect to the manufacture and properties of the finished articles.

Abstract: An integrally formed article of thermoplastic composite members having a first member which is a preformed laminate of a plurality of thermoplastic composite fabrics comprising reinforcing fibers and a thermoplastic resin, and a second member which is a partially bonded laminate of a plurality of thermoplastic composite fabrics comprising reinforcing fibers and a thermoplastic resin, a not-bonded portion of the second member being bent, brought into contact with the first member, and heated at a temperature equal to or higher than a melting point of the thermoplastic resin under pressure so that the not-bonded portion of the second member is integrally bonded to the first member.

Abstract: A flexible and elongated composite material which is intended to be placed on a flat surface of an at least essentially rigid and also elongated composite material including a flat composite material which is designed to be placed on the rigid object. The composite material of the flexible object has a supporting layer. A stabilization layer is assigned to that one side of the supporting layer which is intended to face the rigid object. The stabilization layer is designed to give the composite material a necessary rigidity. Grooves are in at least one of the surfaces of the composite material. An adhesive agent is applied to certain points or areas of that surface of the composite material which is intended to be placed on the flat surface of the rigid object.

Abstract: A process for making nonwoven fabric including the steps of meltspinning continuous multicomponent polymeric filaments, drawing the multicomponent filaments, at least partially quenching the multicomponent filaments so that the multicomponents have latent helical crimp, activating the latent helical crimp, and thereafter, forming the crimped continuous multicomponent filaments into a first nonwoven fabric web. By crimping the filaments before the web formation, shrinkage of the web after formation is substantially reduced and the resulting fabric is substantially stable and uniform. In addition, the resulting fabric can have a relatively high loft. The crimp activating step can include heating the multicomponent filaments and preferably includes drawing the multicomponent filaments with a flow of heated air to activate the latent helical crimp.

Abstract: A ribbon assembly including a strip of material divided into segments. A material having a stretched condition and an unstretched condition is disposed on one surface of the strip of material and extends along a length of the strip of material. In the stretched condition, the strip of material extends in a substantially straight line. In the unstretched condition, each segment of the strip of material is formed into a curved segment for making a ruffle or bow.The present invention also contemplates the use of an adhesive or cohesive for holding the strip of material in the form of the bow.

Abstract: A breathable non-woven composite fabric having barrier capabilities to biological liquids comprised of at least one non-woven layer bonded to at least one surface of a thermoplastic microporous film, the non-woven composite fabric providing a barrier to passage of biological liquid when the composite fabric is subjected to contact with synthetic blood under the dictates of testing procedure ASTM ES 21 92 while maintaining a moisture of vapor transmission rate of greater than about 450 grams per square meter for 24 hours at about 75.degree. F. and about 65% relative humidity, the non-woven composite fabric having a breaking strength of at least about 14 pounds.