Abstract: Disclosed is a film comprising a thermoplastic resin film, a first layer comprising a resin (A), and a second layer comprising a resin (B), in this order, wherein the resin (A) is an ethylene resin having a density of 0.900 to 0.960 g/cm3 and an MFR of 1 to 100 g/10 minutes, and the resin (B) is a straight-chain ethylene-a-olefin copolymer having a density of 0.870 to 0.910 g/cm3 and an MFR of 1 to 100 g/10 minutes, the straight-chain ethylene-a-olefin copolymer being a copolymer of ethylene with at least one &agr;-olefin having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacture of a multi-layered board having a stable, and moisture-resistant surface. To accomplish this and other advantages of the invention, an improved binder system is used in the production of the surface layers of a multi-layered board which combines an. excellent resin penetration inside the wood constituents of the board's surface layers, with a strength, durability and resistance to ambient water and moisture. The improved binder system used in the production of the board surface layers according to this invention involves contacting wood pieces with a binder composition comprised of a curable powdery aldehyde resin and a curable isocyanate resin in the substantial absence of free water to provide a composite mixture that can be formed into a surface layer for assembly and lamination together with other wood and resin composite layers.

Abstract: A paper web and method of making the paper web are disclosed. The paper web has a background portion and a non-embossed decorative pattern. The decorative pattern has at least one high basis weight region having a basis weight greater than the average basis weight of the surrounding background portion. The decorative pattern can include a number of discrete, decorative indicia. Each decorative indicia can be separated from adjacent decorative indicia by the background portion.

Abstract: A film suitable for spiral packaging is highly sealable and provides a strong self-adhesiveness of the front and reverse sides of superposed films upon spiral packaging. The film includes two layers comprising (A) a layer including a resin composition containing at least one kind of adhesives-rendering resin having a resin density of 0.950 g/cm3, such as rosin resins, at a concentration of 0.002 to 12.0% by weight in a polyolefin resin having a resin density of more than 0.910 g/cm3, and (B) another layer including a resin composition containing the abovementioned adhesiveness-rendering resin at a concentration of 0.05 to 25.0% by weight and a plasticizing oil at a concentration of 0.01 to 8.0% by weight in a low density linear polyethylene resin having a resin density of 0.860 to 0.920 g/cm3.

Abstract: A reaction-injected foam molding comprising a skin coating film formed by the in-mold coating method and having an elongation at break of 20-200% (JIS K 6400: No. 1 dumb-bell test specimen) and a urethane foam body obtained by reaction injection molding and having a density of 0.35-0.60 g/cm3. Said molding permits easy removal of flashes even though the urethane foam body is of a high ratio expansion with a density of 0.35-0.60 g/cm3.

Abstract: The invention concerns a multilayer composite film for packaging food comprising a PP layer sandwiched between two outer PE layers Said film thickness ranges between 30 &mgr;m and 120 &mgr;m the outer layers being made of LLDPE whereof the density d is 0.919<d<0.930 g/cm 3 and the median layer being made of a mixture comprising 50-70% of PP whereof the density d is 0.895<d<0.905 g/cm 3, whereof the melt index ranges between 0.75 and 0.85 g/10 minutes, 10-30% of said LLDPE and 10-30% of a thermoplastic polyolefin whereof the density d is 0.885<d<0.905 g/m 3 and whereof the melt index is between 0.55 and 0.65g/10 minutes.

Abstract: Improved packaging films, which are shrinkable, high gas barrier films containing an antifog composition for modified atmosphere packaging of foods and the like. The films are useful for producing a modified atmosphere package useful for the preservation and shelf life extension of food and non-food oxygen sensitive items.

Abstract: An interior trim component (100) for an automobile comprising a structure formed from at least one polyolefin material and reinforcement particles dispersed within the at least one thermoplastic olefin. The reinforcement particles comprise less than or equal to 10% of a total volume of the rigid structure. At least 40% of the reinforcement particles have a thickness less than about 50 nanometers. The interior trim component (100) is constructed and arranged to be devoid of any decorative coating layer disposed thereon in its final finished form for installation into a vehicle so that the trim component (100) is provided with an unpainted visible surface finish.

Abstract: An automotive interior trim product, for example a headliner, and method of producing such a product. The product comprising an energy management element which is adapted to be secured to an automotive interior to provide an energy management function. The energy management element is fabricated from a material comprising an array of fused or bonded tube-like members, and comprises a one-piece unitary structure with zones of differing physical properties. The zones of differing physical properties provide different levels of energy management which are matched to the requirements of the interior. The differing physical properties and so differing levels of energy management in the different zones being produced by molding of the unitary element. Alternatively, and/or in addition within the fused array differing types of tube-like members may be used in the differing zones. Such differing types of tubes may have different wall thicknesses, different diameters/dimensions.

Abstract: A composite structure generally includes a polyolefin foam sheet and a film in adherence with the foam sheet. The film includes a blend of polyethylene and a thermoplastic elastomer. The elastomer includes a copolymer or terpolymer having a styrenic component and a rubbery component, the rubbery component having at least one carbon-carbon double bond. The rubbery component makes up at least about 70 wt. % of the thermoplastic elastomer. The resultant composite structure has a coefficient of friction ranging from about 0.5 to about 2.0, as measured at the upper surface of the film.

Abstract: A method for producing a setter for defatting and/or firing, which can produce the setter without using any mold, and which can minimize generation of gas in the firing step of a process for producing the setter. The method enables setting of porosity of the setter to be relatively easily changed, and ensures a predetermined mechanical strength even with the porosity increased over 50%. The setter for defatting and/or firing has pores with an average diameter of 5-1000 &mgr;m and porosity in the range of 70-25%. The setter is formed of a porous body having a three-dimensional network structure having a flat surface. A porous sheet is preferably laminated on the surface of the porous body having a three-dimensional network structure, the porous sheet having pores, smaller than the pores of the structure body, with an average diameter of not more than 50 &mgr;m and having porosity in the range of 70-25%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a single crystalline silicon ingot by Czochralski method and, more particularly, to a single crystalline silicon ingot, a wafer and a method of producing a single crystalline silicon ingot in which an oxidation-induced stacking fault ring is distributed widely and which has an agglomerated vacancy point defect area of low density wherein DSOD exists only, without FPD. Accordingly, an oxidation-induced stacking fault area having a micro-vacancy defect area of low density is distributed widely from the ingot edge to the ingot center in a single crystalline silicon ingot and a wafer fabricated by the present invention. As the micro-vacancy defect area has no FPD but may have DSOD, a coarsely agglomerated vacancy point defect area in which FPD and DSOD cohabit is shrunken or even eliminated. Therefore, the present invention improves the product quality as well as device yield.

Abstract: A cleaning article comprising a detergent-retaining layer containing a hydrophobic material and detergent gradual-releasing layers having a higher density than the detergent-retaining layer, and the detergent-retaining layer is sandwiched between the detergent gradual-releasing layers.

Abstract: A tri-laminate body panel stiffener includes two polymer layers with or without a backing. One of the layers is a compliant foam layer mounted against a substrate while the other layer is a rigid foam layer mounted against the compliant foam layer. In another aspect of the invention the laminate comprises a backing member having an expandable foam mounted thereto with two or more opposing edges of the laminate being of non-straight construction such as being wavy or saw tooth. A pattern of holes may be formed through the foam and backing layers.

Abstract: A slip control article including a backing layer having a first surface with an array of at least 100 upstanding stems per square inch and a second surface. At least a portion of the upstanding stems is an elastomeric material and the stems have an aspect ratio of at least 1.25. The first surface has a static coefficient of friction when dry of at least 0.6 and a static coefficient of friction when wet within 20% of the static coefficient of friction when dry. The first surface has a peel strength and a tensile strength of substantially zero when engaged with another slip control article. The first surface has a relatively high shear strength when engaged with another slip control article. The high shear forces are due primarily to the frictional properties of the elastomeric materials, not a mechanical interlock of the stems, such as on a mechanical fastener.

Abstract: A fiber-reinforced lightweight resin molded article with pores has a portion having a porosity lower than that of other general portions. Such a low-porosity portion serves as a rib in the resultant molded articles, to thereby enables to provide a fiber-reinforced lightweight resin molded article having excellent rigidity, bending strength, impact strength, uniformity of strength, resistance to local stress and torsion. The present invention also provides an efficient method for manufacturing the fiber-reinforced lightweight resin molded article.

Abstract: A strong, porous article comprising a strong porous carrier having an outer surface defining a shape having a bulk volume and having pores defining interconnecting fluid flow openings extending throughout the bulk volume and opening through said surface. A second porous material, the mean pore size of which is at least an order of magnitude less than the mean pore size of the porous carrier, is nested within and structurally supported by the pore walls of the carrier so that the second porous material maintains its porous configuration and its pores are accessible to a fluid flowing through the pores of the porous carrier.

Abstract: A paper-making press felt (1) includes a base member (2) and at least one batt layer (3) laminated on the base member (2), and is characterized in that the base member (2) is made of a plurality of ground fabrics, and in that, of the plurality of ground fabrics, a second ground fabric (B) arranged next to a first ground fabric (A) arranged nearest to a surface (4) on which a wet paper sheet is placed has a structure whose density is higher than or whose air permeability is lower than that of the first ground fabric (A), and can regulate water from moving from the second ground fabric (B) to the first ground fabric (A) and hence can prevent a re-wetting phenomenon effectively.

Abstract: Integrally bonded composite polyurethane foams substantially free from coalescence and with no discernable bond or structural interface layer when viewed at 50×magnification can be formed by wet casting a second foamed polyurethane composition onto a first wet cast foamed polyurethane composition and simultaneously curing the cast foams. In a preferred embodiment, one curable polyurethane composition forms a slow recovery foam and the other curable polyurethane composition forms a resilient foam.

Abstract: A sheet material comprising i) a pressure-sensitive adhesive film comprising an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer, and ii) a release film comprising a polyolefin polymer having a density of no greater than 0.90 g/cc, the pressure-sensitive adhesive film being in contact with the polyolefin polymer.

Abstract: There are provided an oxygen absorbable laminate comprising an internal layer, an oxygen absorbable layer and an external layer, in which at least one surface of the oxygen absorbable laminate is roughened and subjected to a water incorporation treatment; and a production method thereof. The oxygen absorbable laminate can effectively exert oxygen absorbability even when used for dried foods and the like.

Abstract: A composite expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) article includes at least two different component layers. At least one of the layers includes a node-fibril structure presenting nodes that are connected together by a first plurality of relatively short fibrils. At least one additional layer of the article includes a plurality of aggregates connected together by a plurality of relatively long fibrils having an average length of greater than about 100 microns. In addition, each of the aggregates are formed of ePTFE, including nodes that are connected together by a second plurality of relatively short fibrils. Preferably, the short fibrils have a length of 10-100 microns, and the nodes found in the article have a density of about 2.0-2.2 grams per cubic centimeter.

Abstract: A conductive member is used in a state in which the conductive member maintains contact with a subject member. The conductive member has a single-body structure and is formed of a polymeric base material that contains a conducting filler. A portion of the conductive member in which the density of the conducting filler is lower than that in the remaining portion or substantially zero ranges 20-120 &mgr;m inwardly from an end of the conductive member at which the conductive member abuts the subject member.

Abstract: A composite electromagnetic absorber provides increased EMR absorption while being thinner and/or lighter than prior art EMR absorbers. To accomplish this, synthetic dielectric materials are combined with either synthetic magnetic materials or magnetically lossy materials in such a way that the permittivity and permeability of the composite material are substantially matched over the desired range of frequency. The match in the permittivity and permeability allows the majority of the electromagnetic fields to enter the material where the electric and magnetic loss components absorb the electromagnetic energy.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave attenuating transparent member includes; a transparent base material, and a plurality of structural layers including at least one transparent conductive layer. Sheet resistivity of the electromagnetic wave attenuating transparent member is 100 &OHgr;/cm2 or less, and the plurality of structural layers include a first layer and a second layer which is provided to be farther than the first layer from the transparent base material, and has density which is higher than that of the first layer.

Abstract: Composite paperboard container constructions, providing optimized axial crush strength, and related properties, are formed of one, two, or three structural paperboard plies that are arranged to form a layered body wall having a cross-section of the construction in the ordered structure, high compression strength paperboard layer\low compression strength paperboard layer\high compression strength paperboard layer. Preferably, the container body is formed of one or two structural plies and at least one structural ply is a multiple layer paperboard having both high compression strength and low compression strength paperboard layers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multilayer film comprising five layers, wherein each layer is constituted by a resin having the following density in that order. 1st layer an ethylene &agr;-olefin copolymer having a density of 0.930 to 0.950 g/cm3, 2nd layer: an ethylene-&agr;-olefin copolymer having a density of 0.890 to 0.920 g/cm3, 3rd layer a polypropylene having a density of 0.900 to 0.930 g/cm3, 4th layer: an ethylene-&agr;-olefin copolymer having a density of 0.890 to 0.920 g/cm3, and 5th layer an ethylene-&agr;-olefin copolymer having a density of 0.915 to 0.950 g/cm3, and a container using the same. This container is useful for containing liquid medicine, blood or the like in the medical field.

Abstract: An absorbent member is disclosed which has a high absorbent capacity and which exhibits exceptional expansion properties when wetted by an aqueous fluid. The absorbent member includes a multitude of randomly oriented cellulosic fibers having an average length of from between about 1 mm to about 5 mm and containing at least about 20% lignin within each fiber. The absorbent member also has a moisture content of from between about 1% to about 20% water by weight of fiber and has a density in the range of from between about 0.1 g/cc to about 1 g/cc. The fibers are stressed and bonded by hydrogen bonds and are retained in an elastically stressed condition.

Abstract: A film includes at least one layer comprising a blend of an ethylene polymer having a density of at least 0.925 grams per cubic centimeter, and an ethylene copolymer selected from the group consisting of ethylene/ester copolymer, and ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymer. The film is preferably substantially free from linear low density polyethylene. The film can be a monolayer or multilayer film, and can comprises a core layer comprising an ethylene polymer having a density of at least 0.925 grams per cubic centimeter; and one or more outer layers with the above described blend. At least one intermediate layer comprising an ethylene copolymer having a density of less than 0.925 grams per cubic centimeter can also be included. The film preferably has a thickness of less than 0.60 mils; a shrink force of less than 0.35 pounds in the longitudinal direction, and less than 0.

Abstract: The compound sheet made of absorbent paper consists of at least two crepe paper sheets with a specific weight between 12 and 30 g/m2. At least one sheet includes a first embossing pattern with bosses pointing inward the compound sheet and having a height of between 0.5 and 2.5 mm, a density of between 3 and 20 bosses per cm2 and covering 5 to 60% of the surface. The compound sheet is characterized in that the embossed sheet comprises a second embossing pattern with bosses 0.1 to 0.30 mm high.

Abstract: A custom-formable shoe insert is disclosed that comprises (1) a conformable substrate layer, where at least a portion of the substrate layer is impregnated with a storage-stable, settable resin that set after exposure to an activator; and (2) an outer layer that is impervious to the settable resin but at least a portion of which is pervious to the activator.

Abstract: Provided is transfer paper for electrophotography having high glossiness and high surface smoothness, which is not troubled by paper blistering and toner blistering and is waved or curled little. The transfer paper is constructed by a substrate of which the both surfaces are coated with a coating layer consisting essentially of a pigment and an adhesive, and this has a characteristic in that the permeation flow rate of air (heated at 180° C. and pressurized to have a pressure of 2 kg/cm2) through it is larger than 200 ml/min, or is characterized in that the air permeation flow rate through it is larger than 200 ml/min and not more than 900 ml/min and its internal bonding strength is at least 0.38 N·m.

Abstract: An electrophotographic transfer paper comprising a substrate and coating layers formed on both sides of the substrate mainly including a pigment and an adhesive, wherein the paper has a glossiness of not less than 55% (corresponding to 75 degree white paper glossiness in accordance with JIS P-8142) and satisfies the following condition when the paper packed in a package is unpacked and allowed to stand at a temperature of 28° C. in an atmosphere of 85%RH for 5 minutes: 0.8≦CA/D≦3.5 wherein CA (&mgr;m) is the difference calculated by subtracting a thickness of paper before allowed to stand from a thickness of paper after allowed to stand and D (g/cm3) is the density of the transfer paper (JIS P-8118).

Abstract: A novel cushioning conversion machine and method for converting sheet stock material into a novel cushioning product and for producing discrete sections or pads of desired length, without the need for a cutting assembly, thereby enabling the construction of a less expensive, smaller and less complex machine. The machine and method are characterized by a weakening device for perforating a sheet stock material of one or more plies along tear lines so that as a strip of cushioning is formed from the stock material, discrete sections or pads of desired length may be detachable along the tear lines. The stock material includes material which is biodegradable, recyclable and composed of a renewable resource, such as Kraft paper.

Abstract: Breathable microporous films are provided having controlled regional breathability with thick high WVTR regions and thinner low WVTR regions. The zoned breathable microporous films can be made by selectively applying heat and/or pressure to specific regions the microporous film such as by feeding a microporous film through a pair of heated nip rollers with one of the rolls having a raised surface area or by applying a focused stream of hot air. Monolayer microporous films and multilayer films having at least one microporous layer can be treated to impart zoned breathability to the film.

Abstract: A shipping protector for interposition between a shipping carton and an article being shipped for spacing the article within the carton, including a resilient buffer member and a buffer insert provided between the buffer member and the article.

Abstract: A breathable microlayer polymer film comprising a plurality of coextruded microlayers including a first layer comprising a first melt-extrudable polymer and a second layer comprising second melt-extrudable polymer, the first melt-extrudable polymer having a first water vapor transmission rate and the second melt-extrudable polymer having a second water vapor transmission rate less than the first water vapor transmission rate. A method for making such a breathable film is also disclosed. The microlayer polymer film is breathable, but can also be a barrier to liquid, microbial organisms, organic toxins, and body fluids, and is suitable as a covering material for disposable items such as diapers. While the first polymer is more breathable, the second polymer can impart other properties to the microlayer film such as enhanced tensile properties.

Abstract: A multilayer sheet having high compressive strength, high heat resistance and low permeability relative to fluids, includes layers of graphite foils and metal foils disposed alternating one upon another and parallel, with the graphite foils joined to the metal foils. Each of two layers forming an upper and a lower boundary of the multilayer sheet is a metal foil having a flat outwardly-directed surface completely covered with and joined to a gas-tight foil made of an organic polymer having a long-term temperature stability of at least 150° C. Preferably, no adhesives are used for joining the foils. The multilayer sheet is preferably used for producing flat gaskets.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a resin sheet for thermoforming which can be fabricated into containers and lids or caps for containers in the food packaging industries, particularly those which are resistant to heating in a microwave oven, which containers and lids or caps are excellent in transparency, antifog property, impact resistance, and heat resistance are obtained. A process for preparing an antifogged sheet comprising a propylene resin sheet with an antifogging agent comprising a polyglycerol fatty acid ester or a sucrose fatty acid ester as an effective ingredient.

Abstract: Unitary films are provided having at least first and second film segments which extend adjacent one another and are permanently joined together. The first and second segments have different compositions whereby the unitary film includes distinct segments having varied physical properties such as, for example, varied levels of high water-vapor transmission rates and/or elasticity. The unitary films and laminates thereof are well suited for use as outer covers in personal care articles and various other barrier articles.

Abstract: A method of forming an isolation structure for isolating high voltage devices is described. A first p-well is formed in and on a substrate. Two field oxides are formed spaced apart from each other over the first p-well. A second p-well is formed in and on the first p-well, wherein the second p-well substantially surrounds and substantially being adjacent to the field oxides in the first p-well. A trench isolation is formed in and on the first p-well and between the field oxides, wherein the trench isolation is substantially deeper than the second p-well. A third p-well substantially surrounding and being adjacent to the trench isolation is formed in the first p-well.

Abstract: A microporous membrane is described comprising at least two layers, wherein each layer is characterized by nodes interconnected by fibrils, the layers are bonded by means of plastic flow at temperatures below the melting point of either membrane material, and the pore architecture is formed in situ by an expansion process. A stratified microporous membrane is produced wherein the pore architecture of each layer may be discretely controlled. The article is useful for filtration and medical applications where a pore size gradient is required.

Abstract: Heat, pressure, and glue are used to form a composite material in which a layer of U.S. Coast Guard approved flotation foam is located between a pair of fabric layers which are glued to the foam layer. The process of bonding the fabric layers to the foam layer is accomplished using both heat and pressure whereby a fabric covered, foam composite structure is provided. In a preferred embodiment, a flotation foam of the type which can be included in the calculation of flotation for a U.S. Coast Guard approved PFD is used, so the composite material can be used both as a fabric and as flotation in a U.S. Coast Guard approved PFD.

Abstract: A rocket motor assembly is insulated or thermally protected with a rocket motor ablative material formed from a prepreg. The prepreg contains at least an impregnating resin matrix and, as a precursor prior to carbonization, carded and spun staple cellulosic fibers. When patterned and carbonized, the rocket motor ablative material can be lined or otherwise placed into a rocket motor assembly, such as between the solid propellant and case, in the bulk area of the exit nozzle liner, or at susceptible portions of a re-entry vehicle, such as the nose cone.

Abstract: A sheet material comprising i) a pressure-sensitive adhesive film comprising an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer, and ii) a release film comprising a polyolefin polymer having a density of no greater than 0.90 g/cc, the pressure-sensitive adhesive film being in contact with the polyolefin polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to foam structures with enhanced physical properties which can be used in the areas of packaging, athletics, water sports, and construction. In general, the structures are laminated polymer foams that include a core of a low density foam and one or more skins of relatively high density foam covering the core. The skins provide improved physical properties to the foam structures by improving the flexural strength, resistance to bending, and resulting damage from bending in the laminated foam structure while modestly increasing the weight of the laminated structure, for example. Uses of the foam structures include, but are not limited to, packaging materials, gym mats, body boards, or eaves fillers. The skin can act as a hinge to fold a die cut piece into a collapsible packaging system.

Abstract: A thermoplastic multilayer packaging film has a core layer including ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer; two outer layers, and two adhesive layers each disposed between the core layer and a respective outer layer, characterized in that at least one of the outer layers includes a blend of A, B, and C, wherein component A is a homogeneous or heterogeneous ethylene/alpha olefin copolymer with density comprised greater than 0.915 g/cm3 and less than 0.925 g/cm3, component B is a homogeneous or heterogeneous ethylene/alpha olefin copolymer with density greater than or equal to 0.925 g/cm3, and component C is a homogeneous or heterogeneous ethylene/alpha olefin copolymer with density less than or equal to 0.915 g/cm3. The use of modified homogeneous ethylene/alpha olefin copolymers with a density of from 0.900 g/cm3 to 0.

Abstract: A method for forming an angled plastic article of varying density whereby a blowing agent is added to a plastic material and the material is injected into a mold cavity of a mold unit. The interior walls of the mold cavity are maintained at a temperature sufficient to prevent the outer skin of the hardening plastic article from producing gas bubbles. The volume of the mold cavity is increased to allow bubbles to produce and uniformly distribute themselves throughout the mold cavity and then a reconversion phase is instituted whereby the desired density of the finished plastic article is achieved without voids or aberrations appearing in the surface of the plastic article. The mold unit is provided with extensible beveled edges which extend and retract as the mold cavity is enlarged and compressed. By this method, a resulting plastic article of varying density is produced having grooves running the length of the article.

Abstract: The invention is an edge densified lumber product of improved strength and stiffness and the method of its manufacture. The method is based on the parallel lamination of multiple plies of wood veneer. Narrow longitudinal reinforcing strips are laid along each edge of the veneer assembly between at least some of the veneer plies. Additional spaced apart veneer strips, about twice the width of the edge strips, are laid up at preselected locations in the mid-portion of the veneer assembly. These strips in the mid-portion are preferably spaced so that the distance between their centerlines corresponds to standard lumber widths. Appropriate adhesives are used to bond the assembly. The assembly is pressed to a uniform thickness so that the areas along the narrow veneer strips are densified relative to the adjacent portions. Longitudinal saw cuts are then made along the centerlines of the interior veneer strips to separate the assembly into multiple units of lumber.

Abstract: An interactive thermal insulating system of the present invention includes at least three layers. The first layer is a high density layer comprising a substrate is coated with a polymer binder in which a plurality of microspheres containing a phase change material are dispersed. The second layer is a low density fibrous mesh in which individual fibers contain a plurality of microspheres containing a phase change material dispersed therein. A third layer is a flexible substrate. The fibrous mesh is sandwiched between the coated layer and the third layer. The layers are bonded together by stitching at regular intervals, lamination, or other methods of connection. Most preferably, the phase change materials contained in the microspheres include paraffinic hydrocarbons.