Abstract: A biodegradable package for fast food comprises a heat-molded body of a moldable composition which consists essentially of an admixture of fully biodegradable natural materials comprising flour from edible gramineous plants, crushed gramineous hay, a minor proportion of preserving agents, and a plasticizing agent for providing a starting moldable dough suitable for being molded into the shaped fast food package.

Abstract: An insulating board, and a method for producing the same, wherein the insulating board is a mixture which includes discrete paper platelets having an edge length of 1 to 5 mm derived by comminuting newspaper or similar paoer free from any surface treatment or fillers and pretreated with an anti-rot additive, natural fibers having an edge length of 5 to 100 mm, an adhesive and/or a reaction promoter. There is also provided an apparatus for producing the insulating board which includes a cyclone separator with a dust remover at its top, a tangential inlet for a premix of the paper platelets, fibers and anti-rot additive, countercurrent flow nozzle for the adhesive and/or reaction promoter, a plurality of comb shafts and a star feeding lock, whreby underneath the star feeding lock further comb shafts are arranged under which there is a fall-shaft which opens into a molding station.

Abstract: According to the present invention, incineration ashes of sewerage sludge are compacted with pressure, but without additives, to have the bulk specific gravity of 0.9-2.5. Since the green compact has sufficient strength and reduced volume in comparison with the incineration ashes before compacting, it enables mass dumping without causing secondary pollution. Moreover, if the green compact is fired to have the bulk specific gravity of 1.4-3.5, both the volume and weight are reduced much more, realizing easy handling of the resulted burned product.

Abstract: Articles having acceptable levels of impact strength and physical integrity are provided from mixed scrap plastics by a wet dispersion process. Immiscible plastic particles are locked together by a network of chopped fibers to form a useful article derived from mixed scrap plastics.

Abstract: According to the present invention, incineration ashes of sewerage sludge are compacted with pressure, but without additives, to have the bulk specific gravity of 0.9-2.5. Since the green compact has sufficient strength and reduced volume in comparison with the incineration ashes before compacting, it enables mass dumping without causing secondary pollution. Moreover, if the green compact is fired to have the bulk specific gravity of 1.4-3.5, both the volume and weight are reduced much more, realizing easy handling of the resulted burned product.

Abstract: A barrier structure liner for food packages comprises two layers of EVOH (ethylene-vinly alcohol copolymers), one of which is interposed between two moisture barriers. The inner layer of EVOH (in contact with the packaged food) functions as a solvent barrier which reduces the loss of flavor components from the foods, while the buried EVOH layer, protected from moisture from the packaged food and the outside atmosphere, serves as an oxygen barrier to prevent oxygen from outside the package from oxidizing the foods within the container. The barrier structure may be used in paper cartons, plastic bottles, bags and the like.

Abstract: A hardened, environmentally inert and disposable composite granule of coal cleaning refuse and coal combustion waste, and method for producing the same, wherein the coal combustion waste is first granulated. The coal cleaning refuse is pulverized into fine particles and is then bound, as an outer layer, to the granulated coal combustion waste granules. This combination is then combusted and sintered. After cooling, the combination results in hardened, environmentally inert and disposable composite granules having cores of coal combustion waste, and outer shells of coal cleaning refuse. The composite particles are durable and extremely resistant to environmental and chemical forces.

Abstract: A bale of compressed garbage and other refuse is formed in a stationary baling chamber by compressing successive charges of refuse against an inclined discharge gate by means of a multi-stage hydraulic ram having a platen or specific shape. The bale thus has a rectangular transverse cross-section having parallel sides and parallel top and bottom, a forward end upwardly-rearwardly inclined at about 15.degree. from the vertical and a rearward end having a vertical lower stretch extending upward from the bottom about half the height of the bale, an upwardly-forwardly inclined stretch at about 42.degree. to the horizontal above the lower stretch and a short vertical stretch above the inclined stretch.

Abstract: A method for containing potentially infectious devices. The potentially infectious devices are deposited in a container to which is added an oligomer or monomer-containing composition to at least partially envelope the potentially infectious devices. The oligomer or monomer-containing composition is caused to harden through polymerization or cross-linking of the oligomer or monomer to immobilize the devices, and to act as a sterilizing or disinfectant agent due in large part to the exothermic nature of the reaction.

Abstract: Edge protectors for strapped stacks are formed by extruding a mass of paper cuttings and molten thermoplastic which preferably derives from coating materials of paper scrap, for example, trimming wastes of food and beverage containers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cushion for use on top of a hard paving material in a race track or playing field and comprises three rubber coated coconut husk fiber bodies superimposed on each other. The fibrous bodies are adhesively bonded to each other by rubber adhesive and the middle layer has the coconut fibers compressed to a lesser extent than the compression of the fibers in the upper and lower layers.

Abstract: There are known molded bodies for the safe, long time fixation of radioactive and toxic wastes which have a matrix of graphite and inorganic binding agent, preferably nickel sulfide. An increased resistance to leaching is obtained with molded bodies that have a waste containing nucleus and a waste free shell made of the same graphite matrix.

Abstract: This invention relates to the introduction of viable cells into a fibrous lattice by surgical, force-utilizing, or other manipulative techniques, all of which are referred to herein as "seeding." One embodiment comprises an autografting technique which involves intact tissue. Other embodiments which involve the distribution of an aqueous suspension of cells comprise centrifugal, spraying, pipetting and syringe emplacement. Each cell that survives the seeding process may reproduce into a colony of cells which grow until they reach confluence, thereby creating a uniform layer or volume of tissue. By proper placement of cells capable of generating such colonies, the period of recovery of a wound may be drastically reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a board made from fibrous material of vegetable origin, consisting of surface and base layers, wherein one of the base layers is made from activated sludge, the content of the components in the total mass of the board in percent by mass being as follows:______________________________________ fibrous material 85-99.5 activated sludge biomass 0.5-15.0 ______________________________________The board may additionally contain a binding agent and a precipitating agent.

Abstract: A multi-layer laminated resin film comprising top and bottom outer laminates of sandwich structure each including a layer of reclaimed synthetic resin mixture entirely surrounded by a second fresh resin layer and an inner layer interposed between and secured to the inside surface of the top and bottom laminates.A process for producing a multi-layer laminated resin film using reclaimed resin mixture in which a first resin of reclaimed synthetic resin mixture is fed into a first composite die in a first direction, a second resin of fresh resin is fed into the first composite die in a second direction at right angles to the first direction to surround the first resin, adhesive is fed into a second composite die in a first direction and a third resin is fed into the second composite die in a second direction diametrically opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: Composite panels are disclosed which comprise outer layers derived from cellulosic and like material conventionally employed in particle boards and an inner layer which is comminuted scrap plastic material, the various layers and the particles in them being bonded together using an organic polyisocyanate binder. Optionally the binder contains an internal release agent. The composites, in addition to representing a valuable way in which to utilize scrap plastic, also possess improved properties compared with the corresponding panels which lack the inner core. In a particular embodiment the scrap plastic used is derived from junked automobiles.

Abstract: Particle board contains, as a fibrous material with good structural properties, at least a proportion of chicory root particles. Preferably the chicory is mixed with bagasse fibres to provide strength to the board, and a filler in the form of coffee grounds is included. The coffee and chicory constituents are conveniently obtained as wastes from the manufacture of instant coffee.

Abstract: A casting consisting of a dehydrated agglomerate of particulate material and shaped such that one of its right angle projections is in the form of a trapezoid whose sides include angles greater than 90.degree., the sides being joined by means of curved surfaces.

Abstract: This building component includes a peripheral sidewall and upper and lower walls forming a casing; a core of shredded waste material and an exterior plastic skin covering the casing. The method of making the component includes the steps of filling a peripheral form with shredded waste material, closing the form at the upper and lower ends and incorporating it into the component by applying a reinforced plastic binder over the closed form.

Abstract: Wood can be hot-pressed into various composites using as adhesive subdivided plant foliage. Considerable bond strength is achieved, the bonds having water resistance adequate for many uses. The foliage is the primary adhesive i.e., is greater than 95% wt. of the active adhesive components present. The foliage can be used either in the form of a powder or as a dispersion in an aqueous liquid carrier. The foliage-wood system is hot-pressed to achieve the desired bonding, the pressing temperature being above the softening temperature of the foliage. The softening temperature of the foliage varies depending on the moisture content. The foliage proportions in the composite can range from about 1% to about 60% by wt. or more in some cases. Increased bond strengths have been achieved using formaldehyde crosslinking agents or alkaline additives.

Abstract: Solid particulate waste material is coated with a thermosetting resin which is compressed and cured to form a rigid core. The rigid core is coated with a flexible thermoplastic resin to provide a sealed encapsulated waste agglomerate which can withstand moderate compressive loads.

Abstract: A bale of wastepaper containing deinking chemical.

Abstract: A method of reclaiming thermoplastic material from municipal waste wherein the thermoplastic material is separated from the municipal waste and is decimated into fragments which are of a size to pass through a screen of a predetermined mesh, for example a mesh with one-half inch openings. Similarly, fallen leaves are kept segregated from other municipal waste and are shredded or similarly decimated so that they may pass through a screen having a predetermined mesh, for example of a mesh comparable to that through which the plastic must pass. The fragments of thermoplastic material and the leaf fragments are blended so as to be thoroughly intermixed, subjected to sufficient heat and pressure so that the thermoplastic material may coat and bond to the surfaces of the leaf fragments and form a unitary mass of leaf fragments and plastic material. The consolidated mass of leaves bonded by the thermoplastic material is then permitted to set and cure so as to be formed into any desired shape.

Abstract: Compressed fibers, filaments or cabled tows, which are under an internal pressure of at least 0.2 daN/cm.sup.2 are packaged by means of an outer wrapping, and the overlapping areas of the wrapping are held together by means of an adhesive, for instance a neoprene-chloroprene-rubber based adhesive. In this manner, it is possible to eliminate straps, belts or wires which have been conventionally used to hold the package.

Abstract: A stable block is formed of shredded paper or paper-like material (herein after referred to as "paper") and a binder such as ligninsulfonate. The block is formed by shredding paper, mixing the shreds with a binder such as ligninsulfonate resin, and placing the same in a heated matrix of a die; and while in the die, subjecting the mixture to high pressure.

Abstract: An improved electrostatographic process wherein the imaging surface of the imaging member is treated with a lubricating effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of ortho-, meta-, para-phthalic acid, their corresponding metal or ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof. Controlled treatment of the imaging surfaces of the imaging member with the above compound(s) facilitates transfer of the developed image from the imaging member to a receiving sheet and removal of toner residues from the imaging surface upon cleaning. The imaging member element of the apparatus used in carrying out this process is covered with a thin film of lubricant over substantially all of its imaging surface thereby greatly improving toner transfer and removal.

Abstract: Insulation comprising a multiplicity of small chips of corrugated cardboard. The chips have varying external configurations and varying orientation of the long axis of the flute(s) with a side of the chip. The chips may be utilized as loose, bagged or block insulation.

Abstract: A process for producing a compost which comprises grounding municipal waste, magnetically freeing iron contained therein, separating said mixture into components of various sizes by fractionation and, treating said mixture in a fermentation process at a temperature of at least 65.degree. C. by continuously passing air thereto and mixing a solvent with said mixture and heating said vessel until the contents of the vessel are dried, thereby forming a compost.

Abstract: A laminated structural member is fabricated with one layer of sheet material such as plywood or fiberboard and an adjacent layer bonded thereto and formed from a mixture of scrap particles of thermoplastic wire and cable insulation, wood particles, comminuted paper, sawdust, and a suitable resin binder. The fabrication procedure is carried out by initially forming a mixture of reclaimed thermoplastic wire or cable insulation, a thermosetting binder, and one or more wood like fillers, such as wood chips, comminuted paper and sawdust and mold release agent. The mixture is then placed in a mold with the sheet material and is subjected to heat and pressure to form a structural member.

Abstract: A three layer building panel material product made from recycled waste thermoplastic synthetic resin material and cellulose fibers aggregate, outer layers of which substantially comprise reset pressure rolled, heat-fused, and re-hardened thermoplastic synthetic resin bits, and having a core of cellulose fiber aggregate bonded by re-hardened heat-fused thermoplastic synthetic resin bits pressure bonded to the outer layers.

Abstract: A mixed polymeric resin including a comminuted filler from the front end of a solid waste system in a continuous phase of a resinous adhesive binder (e.g., polyethylene). The filler includes glass, cellulose, inorganic oxides and mixed polymer resins. A method for forming the filled resin.

Abstract: A composition comprising an intimate bonded mixture of (a) 30-90 parts by weight of a particulate reinforcement filler formed of the pyrolysis or incineration residue of industrial or municipal solid waste products, and (b) 10-70 parts by weight of a resinous thermosetting (e.g., polyester or epoxy) or thermoplastic (e.g., nylon) adhesive polymer. The filler comprises a combination of silica and alumina and for pyrolysis residue, carbon. The individual particles are characterized by non-porous structure and irregular rough shapes, having a heterogeneous distribution and a size less than 50 microns.

Abstract: A structural member is fabricated from a mixture of scrap particles of thermoplastic wire and cable insulation, wood particles, comminuted paper, sawdust, and a suitable resin binder. The fabrication procedure is carried out by initially forming a mixture of reclaimed thermoplastic wire or cable insulation, a thermosetting binder, and one or more wood like fillers, such as wood chips, comminuted paper and sawdust and mold release agent. The mixture is then placed in a mold and is subjected to heat and pressure to form a structural member.