Abstract: Scaffold comprises a polymer defining macropores and comprising hydroxypropylcellulose partially substituted by a substituent comprising a self-crosslinkable group, which is crosslinked through the self-crosslinkable group. The macropores have an average pore size larger than 50 microns and are at least partially interconnected. In one method, bicontinuous emulsion comprising a continuous aqueous phase and a continuous polymer phase is formed. The polymer phase comprises hydroxypropylcellulose partially substituted by a substituent comprising a self-crosslinkable group, and is crosslinked through the self-crosslinkable group to form a polymer defining at least partially interconnected pores. In another method, phase separation is induced in a solution comprising a polymer precursor and water to form a bicontinuous emulsion comprising a continuous polymer phase and a continuous aqueous phase.

Abstract: A composite material formulated for slow release of a small molecule in seawater includes a porous inorganic oxide framework and micelles embedded within the pores of the framework. The micelles include a surfactant and a small molecule, the surfactant being present in the composite material at no more than 80 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight inorganic oxide, the composite material being stable in seawater for releasing the small molecule over at least 20 days.

Abstract: Support materials for printing electrically conductive structures by means of inkjet printing with inks which contain conductive particles lead to low resistances for the printed structures without thermal post-treatment when they contain a microporous layer with a mean pore size of less than 100 nm as an outer layer.

Abstract: An example of a nanoballoon thermal protection system includes a refractory ceramic foam having carbide balloons. The foam has a closed cell structure not allowing liquid to penetrate through the foam. Each of the carbide balloons is hollow and has a diameter greater than 0 nm and less than 900 nm. Each of the carbide balloons includes a refractory carbide. In addition, a vehicle with thermal shield includes a surface and a first and second nanoballoon closed cell foam coatings. Each of the foam coatings has a melting point temperature greater than 1000° C. and a density less than 85%. Each of the foam coatings has hollow balloons having a diameter less than 900 nm. Each of the foam coatings includes a closed cell structure not allowing liquid to penetrate through the respective coating. Methods for manufacturing a nanoballoon system and a nanoballoon thermal protection system are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides processes for the manufacture of conductive transparent films and electronic or optoelectronic devices comprising same.

Abstract: A method for forming an ultra-thin membrane for use in a chemical analyzer such as a mass spectrometer includes the step of applying a sacrificial blocking layer onto a porous substrate, applying a semi-permeable membrane layer onto the sacrificial blocking layer, and removing the sacrificial blocking layer following cure of the membrane layer. In a preferred version, at least one of the blocking layer and the membrane layer are applied to the porous support by means of spin coating, though other deposition techniques can be employed.

Abstract: Improvements to foaming methods and the interbimodal cellular structures of the foams made therefrom are disclosed.

Abstract: A refractory ceramic material possessing a solidus temperature between 2500° C. and 2800° C., having a compactness greater than 85%, and a microstructure such that the material is composite of: (a) hafnium dioxide HfO2 grains having a monoclinic structure (1); (b) hafnium dioxide HfO2 grains having a cubic structure (2) which is stabilized by yttrium oxide Y2O3, the yttrium oxide Y2O3 representing 0.5 mol % to 8 mol % relative to the total number of moles of hafnium dioxide HfO2; (c) closed pores (3); (d) non-interconnected open pores. The process of manufacturing the material and a structural part incorporating the material are also set forth.

Abstract: Single-layer or multilayer, biaxially oriented, microporous foil having a shutdown function, which comprises at least one shutdown layer I, which comprises propylene homopolymer and ss-nucleating agent and polyethylene.

Abstract: A hydrogen separator comprising a porous substrate composed mainly of a ceramic having a large number of pores connecting from one surface of the substrate to other surface, and a hydrogen-separating layer made of a hydrogen permselective metal formed on the porous substrate via an intermediate layer made of an electron-conductive ceramic. The hydrogen separator hardly generates defects such as peeling, cracks or the like in the hydrogen-separating layer and is suitable for use even when the hydrogen separator is exposed to a heat cycle, used under high temperature conditions or/and used for long-term.

Abstract: A three-dimensional ordered open-cellular structure. In one embodiment, the structure includes: a plurality of first truss elements defined by a plurality of first self-propagating polymer waveguides and extending along a first direction; a plurality of second truss elements defined by a plurality of second self-propagating polymer waveguides and extending along a second direction; and a plurality of third truss elements defined by a plurality of third self-propagating polymer waveguides and extending along a third direction. The first, second, and third truss elements interpenetrate each other at a plurality of nodes to form a continuous material, and the three-dimensional structure is self-supporting.

Abstract: The invention relates to an article for making up the nails comprising a backing with a profile corresponding to the profile of the nails or capable of conforming to the profile of the nails, the backing having a first face intended to be brought into contact with the nail and a second face on the opposite side from the first, the backing comprising at least one material exhibiting permeability of greater than 1000 g/m2/24 h and the first face comprising a layer of at least one pressure-sensitive adhesive material.

Abstract: A bandage that includes a material, which can be breathable, having a first surface, and a plurality of superhydrophobic particles attached to the first surface. The plurality of superhydrophobic particles ranging in size from about 100 nanometers to about 10 micrometers. The superhydrophobic particles including a protrusive material defining a plurality of nanopores and a plurality of spaced apart nanostructures that define an external boundary of the hydrophobic particles. The nanopores providing a flow through porosity. The first surface can be rendered superhydrophobic by the attached superhydrophobic particles. The material can have a second surface opposite the first surface that is hydrophilic. The superhydrophobic particles can be adhered to the first surface by a binder. Also included is a method of making the bandages described herein.

Abstract: An allergen-barrier fabric and method of producing the same is provided. The fabric is formed from weaving yarns and processed such that the resulting pore size is less than approximately 1 micron. The finished fabric may also include exhibit consistent pore to pore variability. The finished fabric may exhibit an MVTR of at least 7,000 and a hydrostatic resistance of at least 10,000 mm.

Abstract: Provided is a porous humidity-control tile including about 40% to about 95% by weight of diatomite, and one or more of ochre, red clay, kaolin, zeolite, illite, vermiculite, feldspar, pottery stone, and pyrophyllite. The porous humidity-control tile has about 10 vol % to 80 vol % of cellular spherical pores having a size corresponding to a size of hollow pore forming material that is removable by heat treatment. The porous humidity-control tile has a rate of moisture adsorption/desorption per unit weight in a range from about 20 g/kg to about 60 g/kg and a rate of moisture adsorption/adsorption per unit area in a range from about 150 g/m2 to about 450 g/m2. Therefore, the porous humidity-control tile can be light, and the amount of adsorption/desorption per unit weight of the porous humidity-control tile can be improved.

Abstract: Microporous membranes having a relatively large average pore size, methods of making microporous membranes having a relatively large average pore size, and methods of using microporous membranes having a relatively large average pore size are disclosed.

Abstract: The polishing pad is useful for polishing at least one of magnetic, optical and semiconductor substrates. A porous polishing layer includes a dual porosity structure within a polyurethane matrix. The dual porosity structure has a primary set of pores having pore walls with a thickness of 15 to 55 ?m and a storage modulus of 10 to 60 MPa measured at 25° C. In addition, pore walls contain a secondary set of pores having an average pore size of 5 to 30 ?m. The porous polishing layer is either fixed to a polymeric film or sheet substrate or formed into a woven or non-woven structure to form the polishing pad.

Abstract: In porous ceramic for slide member including independent pores having a pore size of 5 ?m or more, the independent pore is flattened body having minor axis in a direction perpendicular to a sliding surface, and a cross sectional area (S1) of an independent pore at a cross section perpendicular to the sliding surface is 95% or less of an area (S2) of a complete round having a diameter which is the same length as a major axis of the cross section of the independent pore, and in a cumulative distribution curve of pore sizes of independent pores in a plane parallel to the sliding surface, a ratio (P75/P25) of a pore size of cumulative 75% by volume (P75) to a pore size of cumulative 25% by volume (P25) is 1.9 or less. The porous ceramic can be suitably used as slide member such as seal ring.

Abstract: An optical member is provided which is fabricated at low cost, which has a flat surface, and which allows a larger viewing angle. An optical member (10) includes at least: a first resin layer (3); and a second resin layer (2), the second resin layer (2) containing bubbles (1), the bubbles (1) being present at least at an interface (4) between the first resin layer (3) and the second resin layer (2).

Abstract: The present invention provides selectively laser sintered porous polymeric articles and methods of making and using the same. In one embodiment, a method of the present invention comprises providing a first layer of particles of a first polymeric material, heating selected locations of the first layer to sinter particles of the first polymeric material to form a three-dimensional article, the three-dimensional article having a porosity of at least about 30 percent.

Abstract: Provided is a microporous polyolefin multilayer film which may be used as a separator for a battery, and a method for preparing the same. At least one layer of the microporous polyolefin multilayer film contains 90˜100 wt % of polyethylene having a melting temperature of 130˜140° C. and at least the other layer has 20 wt % or more of a heat resistant resin and 80 wt % or less of a filler selected from the group consisting of an organic filler, an inorganic filler and a mixture thereof. The heat resistant resin is preferably a semi crystalline polymer or an amorphous polymer. Preferably, the semi crystalline polymer has a degree of crystallinity of 10-45% or a heat of fusion for melting of 20˜90 J/g and has a melting temperature of 145˜250° C. and a glass transition temperature of ?100˜90° C. Also, preferably, the amorphous polymer has no crystal and has a glass transition temperature of 90˜120° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for fabricating a porous coatings with controlled structure in the micro and nano-size domain. In particular, but not exclusively, it relates to a process for fabricating coatings with an anisotropic pore size distribution and to coatings obtained using such coatings. It describes in particular the use of ink-jet method to deposit in a controlled way such coatings. It also relates to porous coatings with controlled structure in the micro and nano-size domain. The coating has a thickness between 10 nanometres and 10 millimetres and its porosity is created in such a way that the pore size distribution is anisotropic. It finally describes objects covered with this coating.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for fabricating a mesoporous carbon material, the method comprising subjecting a precursor composition to a curing step followed by a carbonization step, the precursor composition comprising: (i) a templating component comprised of a block copolymer, (ii) a phenolic compound or material, (iii) a crosslinkable aldehyde component, and (iv) at least 0.5 M concentration of a strong acid having a pKa of or less than ?2, wherein said carbonization step comprises heating the precursor composition at a carbonizing temperature for sufficient time to convert the precursor composition to a mesoporous carbon material. The invention is also directed to a mesoporous carbon material having an improved thermal stability, preferably produced according to the above method.

Abstract: A gas permeable membrane for the optical measurement of the partial pressure and/or the concentration of a gas species, the membrane comprises a porous light-transmissible membrane matrix containing a metal oxide, wherein the membrane matrix is at least partially charged with at least one gas-selective compound whose optical characteristics change upon an interaction with a corresponding gas species.

Abstract: A coated article includes a substrate, and a coating deposited on the substrate by magnetron sputtering. The coating includes micropores, and each micropore is sealed by a sealing element.

Abstract: A substrate for forming cultures of organic cells, comprising the following a spatial body, the cross section of the body comprises a plurality of at least first pores, wherein the pre size of a majority thereof is =1000 ?m, preferably 10-500 ?m, more preferably 10-200 ?m, most preferably 10-100 ?m t; the first pores are fluidically connected to each other: at least the first pores whose pore size is in the region of 500 ?m have a cell-growth promoting property and at least one part of the first pores arranged close to at least one free surface of the body are open towards the outer environment. Preferably, the substrate is an open-pored foam material body made of a synthetic material. The substrate enables spatial cell cultures to be formed.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a bone substitute material comprises the steps of providing a foam material (3) having an open cell structure, distorting the shape of the foam material (3) and holding the material in a distorted shape, coating the walls of the cells of the foam material with a ceramic slip (5), removing the foam material, and sintering the ceramic slip to form a bone substitute material that is approximately a positive image of the distorted foam material (3). In another method, a granular bone material is formed from a multiplicity of pieces of foam that are not distorted.

Abstract: A carbon foam evaporator is described which can be used in a wide variety of operating conditions. The evaporator utilizes a carbon foam with a bi-model pore distribution. The carbon foam is thermally stable up to temperatures of at least 300° C., is rigid, and has a compressive strength of at least 100 psi. The carbon foam is also resistant to chemical attacks.

Abstract: A method of forming a nanoporous film is disclosed. The method comprises forming a coating solution including clusters, surfactant molecules, a solvent, and one of an acid catalyst and a base catalyst. The clusters comprise inorganic groups. The method further comprises aging the coating solution for a time period to select a predetermined phase that will self-assemble and applying the coating solution on a substrate. The method further comprises evaporating the solvent from the coating solution and removing the surfactant molecules to yield the nanoporous film.

Abstract: An electrode material is created by forming a thin conformal coating of metal oxide on a highly porous monolithic carbon structure. The highly porous carbon structure performs a role in the synthesis of the oxide coating and in providing a three-dimensional, electronically conductive substrate supporting the thin coating of metal oxide. The metal oxide includes one or more metal oxides. The electrode material, a process for producing said electrode material, an electrochemical capacitor and an electrochemical secondary (rechargeable) battery using said electrode material is disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a film having use of impact absorption capable of protecting a panel from impacts when the impacts are given to a display device, a window since it has an excellent ability to absorb impacts given to a surface of a display device, a window, or equivalent base plates. The impact absorption layer having a thickness of 30 ?m or more has a hardness of 20 to 100 as measured at a room temperature using an Asker C hardness tester. Also, the film having use of impact absorption has excellent impact resistance and includes at least one layer, wherein the film includes at least one impact absorption layer having a hardness of 20 to 100 as measured at a room temperature using an Asker C hardness tester, the impact absorption layer having the total thickness of 30 ?m or more.

Abstract: A graphite material includes a plurality of graphite particles and a plurality of pores which form a microstructure. When a cross-section of the microstructure is observed with a scanning electron microscope, the number of the pores appearing on the cross-section is more than 250 or more per 6000 ?m2, an average area of the pores appearing on the cross-section is 5 ?m2 or less, and an average aspect ratio of the pores appearing on the cross-section is 0.55 or less.

Abstract: In some preferred embodiments, a heat shrinkable foamed sheet has a foamed layer (2) constituting a core layer, and a non-foamed layer (3) constituting a surface skin layer integrally formed on the formed layer. The non-foamed layer (3) is less than about 1.55 ?m in maximum surface smoothness measured in accordance with ISO8791-4. Alternatively, by regulating various dimensions of foam cells formed in the foamed layer (2) so as to fall within predetermined ranges, a heat shrinkable foamed sheet excellent in surface smoothness and printing nature can be obtained.

Abstract: This disclosure provides implantable devices coated with microporous surface layers with macrotopographic features that improve bio-integration at the interface of the implantable devices and the surrounding tissue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous membrane obtainable by polymerizing at least one type of curable epoxyacrylate monomer that is soluble in a solvent wherein at least 50 wt % of said solvent is water. The invention further relates to image recording materials, in which these porous membranes are used.

Abstract: A nanoporous filter comprises a porous support having an essentially flat surface on which is deposited a nanoporous layer having a substantially regular pore structure and uniform pore size within the range from 1 to 50 nm.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing single crystal ingot and a wafer manufactured thereby are provided. The method includes pulling and growing an ingot in a crucible; and cooling the ingot, wherein during the pulling of the ingot, a pulling rate of the ingot is configured to generate a vacancy of less than 80 nm; when the ingot is cooled at an interval of about 1000 to about 2000, a cooling speed of the ingot is slow cooling to allow the vacancy of less than about 80 nm to grow into a vacancy of more than about 80 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-layered microporous polyolefin film for a battery separator and a method for preparing the same. The microporous multi-layered film of the present invention has a characteristics to have both the low shutdown temperature conferred by the polyethylene and the high melt fracture temperature conferred by the polypropylene and heat-resistant filler. In addition, it has the high strength and stability conferred by the micropores prepared under wet process and the high permeability and high strength conferred by the macropores prepared under dry process. Therefore, this multi-layered film can be used effectively to manufacture a secondary battery with high capacity and high power.

Abstract: The present invention provides a porous resinous oil-retaining article, containing lubricating oil, which is excellent in the utilization efficiency of the lubricating oil, has a high mechanical strength, and further allows the resin and the lubricating oil to be combined with each other according to a use and a specification. The present invention also provides a method of producing the resinous oil-retaining article. The resinous oil-retaining article comprises a resinous porous article having interconnected holes which are open to a surface of the resinous porous article; and an oil impregnated into the resinous porous article. The interconnected holes are formed by molding a resin containing a pore-forming substance into a molding and extracting a part of the pore-forming substance from the molding with a solvent which dissolves the pore-forming substance and does not dissolve the resin. An interconnected hole porosity of the resinous porous article is not more than 30%.

Abstract: Modified porous materials are disclosed having interconnected, complexly shaped three-dimensional surfaces. The modification is accomplished by crosslinking the three-dimensional surfaces or by incorporating, in situ, an inorganic material onto or into three-dimensional surfaces. The porous materials are macro structures including at least one of nano-features, micro-features, and combinations thereof. The modifying accomplishes changing surface properties of the porous materials, changing the three-dimensional surfaces, and/or rendering the porous materials substantially stable in a predetermined environment.

Abstract: Multilayer foam-film composite structures in which the cells of at least one foam layer have an anisotropic orientation exhibit at least one enhanced property of toughness, tear resistance and puncture resistance in comparison with a foam-film composite structure alike in all aspects except for the anisotropic orientation of the cells of at least one foam layer.

Abstract: An improved, polymeric surgical membrane, which can be used in a variety of surgical procedures, such as sutured and sutureless duraplasty procedures. For sutureless applications, a textured, discontinuous, outer polymer layer is provided which encourages rapid incorporation and anchoring into surrounding tissue. In cooperation with the discontinuous first layer, a second elastomeric layer provides elasticity and resilience. A third barrier layer is provided to essentially eliminate adhesions and irritation to surrounding tissue. In those applications requiring anchoring sutures, the second elastomeric layer “self-seals” against the sutures, essentially eliminating the leakage of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or other fluids. In addition, the composite structure of the present invention has a high degree of suture retention strength is polymeric with a high degree of biocompatibility, is thin and very flexible.

Abstract: Improvements to foaming methods and the interbimodal cellular structures of the foams made therefrom are disclosed,

Abstract: The invention is directed toward a chemical mechanical polishing/planarizing (CMP) brush with an embedded mandrel. PVA foam injected into the substantially hollow mandrel expands through apertures in the mandrel to fill a mold in the desired shape of the brush with the foam in the mandrel being integral with the outer foam covering the brush.

Abstract: In one aspect the present invention provides medical devices 10 that each include a plurality of fibers 22, substantially all of the plurality of fibers 22 each including a portion having a maximum diameter of at least five micrometers, wherein substantially all of fibers 22 form a layer on at least one external surface of medical device 10. In another aspect, the present invention provides methods of manufacturing medical devices 10, the methods including the steps of: (a) applying a layer comprising a plurality of fibers 22 to at least one surface of medical device 10; and (b) matching the value of the Young's modulus of the layer to +/?35% (in some embodiments to +/?20%) of the value of the Young's modulus of an animal tissue.

Abstract: An electroconductive porous film high in the porosity and strong in the mechanical strength is provided. A mesoporous thin film of the invention, in which a crosslinking structure having a metal phosphate (M—POx) skeleton is arranged so as to surround periodically arranged pores, is formed by use of a process that includes: a step of preparing a precursor solution containing phosphoric acid and a surfactant; a step of supplying the precursor solution to a substrate to form a precursor thin film; a step of bringing vapor containing a metal into contact with the precursor thin film obtained in the forming the thin film; a step of reacting the vapor containing a metal and phosphoric acid to form a self-organized thin film; and a step of removing the surfactant from the self-organized thin film.

Abstract: Described herein are composite materials and methods of using them for hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). In certain embodiments, the composite material comprises a support member, comprising a plurality of pores extending through the support member; and a macroporous cross-linked gel, comprising a plurality of macropores, and a plurality of pendant hydrophobic moieties. In certain embodiments, the composite materials may be used in the separation or purification of a biological molecule or biological ion.

Abstract: Provided are a nanoporous membrane including a support; a first separation layer with a plurality of first nano-sized pores and a first matrix; and a second separation layer having a plurality of second pores respectively corresponding to the plurality of first pores of the first separation layer and a second matrix, and formed on the first separation layer, wherein a density of the plurality of the first pores and the second pores is equal to or greater than 1010/cm2, and a diameter of each of the second pores is less than that of the corresponding first pore, a process of fabricating the same, and a device for a controlled release of biopharmaceuticals including the nanoporous membrane. The device for a controlled release of biopharmaceuticals including the nanoporous membrane can release biopharmaceuticals at a constant rate for a long period of time regardless of the concentration of the biopharmaceuticals including in pharmaceuticals, and high flex and selectivity.

Abstract: A microporous layer comprising a microporous xerogel comprising pores that are substantially continuously interconnected from a first outermost surface of the microporous xerogel through to a second outermost surface of the microporous xerogel; and a crosslinked polymer binder comprising a polymer having a glass transition temperature of about 50° C. or higher, wherein the polymer binder is water soluble prior to crosslinking.

Abstract: A hydrogen separator comprising a porous substrate composed mainly of a ceramic having a large number of pores connecting from one surface of the substrate to other surface, and a hydrogen-separating layer made of a hydrogen permselective metal formed on the porous substrate via an intermediate layer made of an electron-conductive ceramic. The hydrogen separator hardly generates defects such as peeling, cracks or the like in the hydrogen-separating layer and is suitable for use even when the hydrogen separator is exposed to a heat cycle, used under high temperature conditions or/and used for long-term.