Abstract: The present invention provides a double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet using a plastic film substrate, ensuring good laminating workability and no elongation or rupture at the lamination even when used in a narrow or long form, where the double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet has excellent adhesive property and at the same time, exerts excellent peelability (releasability) without causing an adhesive residue at the separation. The present invention relates to a double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet comprising a plastic film substrate; and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on both sides of the plastic film substrate, wherein a 180° peeling pressure-sensitive adhesive force of a surface (surface A) of one of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to a stainless steel plate as measured at a tensile speed of 300 mm/min is 8 N/20 mm or more, and an adhesive residue is not generated in the releasability evaluation test.

Abstract: An antireflection hard coating film of the invention comprises: a transparent plastic film substrate; and at least one hard coating layer of a cured coating layer and at least one antireflection layer that are formed in this order on at least one side of the transparent plastic film substrate, wherein a hard coating layer-forming material contains 100 parts by weight of a (meth)acrylate group-containing curable compound (A) and 0.01 to 3 parts by weight of a (meth)acrylate group-containing reactive silicone (B), and an antireflection layer-forming material contains a siloxane component-containing compound, at the interface between the hard coating layer and the antireflection layer being in direct contact with each other. The antireflection hard coating film has good adhesion between the hard coating layer and the antireflection layer, high hardness, and good scratch resistance without a reduction in antireflection properties.

Abstract: An optical construction that is static-dissipative and includes a static-dissipative layer buried within optical material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polysaccharide composition for protection of surfaces comprising an aqueous solution of at least two components, the first component (A) being a high molecular weight polysaccharide or a mixture of high molecular weight polysaccharides having an average molecular weight Mw of at least 100 000, and being capable of forming a gel, and the second component (B) being a low molecular weight polysaccharide or a mixture of low molecular weight polysaccharides having an average molecular weight Mw of 400-75 000, and being capable of inhibiting gel formation in said composition. The present invention further relates to a method for preparing such a composition, the use of the composition for protecting a surface, a method for protecting a substrate surface using the composition, and to a substrate surface coated with the composition.

Abstract: The present invention describes the use of a composition which can be cured below 40° C., a method of coating fiber/polymer composites, the preparation of curable compositions, and a modular system for preparing said compositions.

Abstract: Ceramics are made of preceramic paper or board structures in a particular shape previously represented in a paper structure, in which the preceramic papers or boards have a content of ceramic fillers between 30 and 95 wt-%, with the ceramic fillers having a particle size <30 ?m. A method for manufacturing such ceramics and the use thereof are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-flammable cushioning and sealing sheet and, more particularly to, a sheet having a sequential layered structure of an adhesive layer, a polyurethane layer, and a surface coating layer, the polyurethane layer containing melamine polyphosphate and diphenyl cresyl phosphate as a flame retardant. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing a non-flammable cushioning and sealing sheet that comprises: preparing a polyurethane layer containing melamine polyphosphate and diphenyl cresyl phosphate as a flame retardant; forming a adhesive layer on the one side of the polyurethane layer; and forming a surface coating layer on the other side of the polyurethane layer where the adhesive layer is not formed.

Abstract: A free-standing multi-laminate hermetic sheet includes a first carrier film, a hermetic inorganic thin film formed over the first carrier film, and a second carrier film formed over the hermetic inorganic thin film. A workpiece can be hermetically sealed using the multi-laminate sheet, which can be applied to the workpiece in a step separate from a formation step of either the multi-laminate sheet or the workpiece.

Abstract: A metalized ceramic comprising a ceramic substrate comprising a first ceramic and a ceramic metallization layer disposed on the ceramic substrate. The ceramic metallization layer comprises a mixture of (i) a second ceramic and (ii) a metal comprising nickel or a refractory metal. The refractory metal may consist one or more of molybdenum, tungsten, niobium and tantalum. The first ceramic and the second ceramic have a purity of greater than about 95 percent. A method of making the metalized ceramic is provided. An electrochemical cell including the metalized ceramic is also provided.

Abstract: High performance coated metal compositions resistant to metal dusting corrosion and methods of providing such compositions are provided by the present invention. The coated metal compositions are represented by the structure (PQR), wherein P is an oxide layer at the surface of (PQR), Q is a coating metal layer interposed between P and R, and R is a base metal. P includes alumina, chromia, silica, mullite or mixtures thereof. Q includes Ni and Al, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cr, Si, Mn, Fe, Co, B, C, N, P, Ga, Ge, As, In, Sn, Sb, Pb, Sc, La, Y, Ce, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au and mixtures thereof. R is selected from the group consisting of carbon steels, low chromium steels, ferritic stainless steels, austenetic stainless steels, duplex stainless steels, Inconel alloys, Incoloy alloys, Fe—Ni based alloys, Ni-based alloys and Co-based alloys.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sterilizable multilayer film for containers containing solutions, suspensions, solids or mixtures for parenteral or enteral nutrition or tube feeding, optionally in a spatially separated arrangement of the contents, having a three-layered structure with an inner layer being in contact with the content of the container, an intermediate layer and an outer layer facing the environment, said layers optionally connected by tie and/or adhesive layers, wherein the oxygen transmission rate at 23° C. through the multilayer film determined by the oxygen transmission of the intermediate layer is less than 0.7 ml/m2d, said inner layer having a thickness of from 30 to 120 ?m, said intermediate layer having a thickness of from 5 to 35 ?m and said outer layer having a thickness of from 20 to 40 ?m, and allowing desorption of water absorbed in the intermediate layer during sterilization after said sterilization at 121° C.

Abstract: A polycarbonate resin laminate which has excellent scratch resistance and UV shielding property as well as high weatherability and durability sufficient for enduring long term open air exposure without detracting from excellent the transparency is provided. This polycarbonate resin laminate comprises a substrate (1) comprising a polycarbonate resin layer (1-i) and a thermoplastic (meth)acrylic resin layer having a UV absorbing group immobilized thereto (1-ii) on at least one surface of the polycarbonate resin (1-i); and a cured film (2) of a scratch resistant coating composition containing UV absorbing inorganic oxide fine particles and/or an organic UV absorber on the layer of the thermoplastic (meth)acrylic resin having a UV absorbing group immobilized thereto (1-ii). The laminate has a haze of up to 2%.

Abstract: A fuser member having a substrate, and thereover, an outer layer including a fluorinated polyimide, and an image forming apparatus including the fuser member, and the fuser member may useful in oil-less fusing systems, and wherein the fluorinated polyimide has the following Formula I wherein Ar represents a fluorinated hydrocarbon group; Rf1 represents a fluorine-containing group and Q is a end group, n is a number of from about 20 to about 1,000 carbons, and o is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A fuser member including a substrate, and thereover, an outer layer comprising a crosslinked fluorinated polyimide and a curing agent is described. The fluorinated polyimide comprises: wherein Ar1 and Ar2 independently represent an aromatic group of from about 6 carbon atoms to about 60 carbon atoms; and at least one of Ar1 and Ar2 further contains a fluoro-pendant group; and wherein the fluorinated polyimide includes an active site capable of reacting with the curing agent.

Abstract: An aliphatic hybrid polyurethane/polyurea protective coating intended for use on concrete, steel, wood and other surfaces is provided, which coating exhibits excellent properties of durability and flexibility. The protective coating uses chemical components from urethane/urea systems in a unique way to generate beneficial systems.

Abstract: A stopper, particularly for a wine bottle, comprising a barrier layer comprising a hot melt polymetric adhesive and optionally at least one sub-layer having lower oxygen permeability than the hot melt adhesive.

Abstract: There is provided a new film for manufacturing a semiconductor device that is superior to prevent contamination of a semiconductor chip having an excellent balance of holding power during dicing a semiconductor wafer even where the semiconductor wafer is thin, peeling property when peeling the semiconductor chip that is obtained by dicing together with its adhesive layer, and low contamination property in which there is no attachment of cutting debris to the semiconductor chip. A film for manufacturing a semiconductor device that is used when manufacturing a semiconductor device has a base layer, a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer that is provided on the base layer, a radiation curing-type second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer that is provided on the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and cured by radiation irradiation in advance, and an adhesive layer that is provided on the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

Abstract: Continuous processing methods for making absorbable polymeric films with one or more of the following properties: high toughness, low modulus, high tensile strength, and thickness less than 10 mm, more preferably less than 1 mm, and more preferably less than 100 ?m, have been developed. In the preferred embodiment, the polymer is a polyhydroxyalkanoate, and in the most preferred embodiment, the polymer comprises 4-hydroxybutyrate. A particularly preferred embodiment is a film of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or copolymer thereof, wherein the film has a tensile strength greater than 5.5 kgf/mm2, tensile modulus less than 181 kgf/mm2, and elongation at break from 10-500%, wherein the film is derived by a continuous process such as melt extrusion or solvent casting, followed by orientation to more than 25% of the film's original length in one or more directions. These can be used for a variety of purposes including fabrication of medical devices.

Abstract: A coating composition for a metal is provided. The coating composition comprises a coating composition for a metal comprising a synthetic resin solid content (A); a filler (B); and a mixture of (C-1) acetylene glycol represented by the following general formula (1): and/or an ethoxylated derivative of the acetylene glycol represented by the following general formula (2): and (C-2) at least one member selected from polyoxy(ethylene-propylene) block polymer represented by the following formula (3): HO(C2H4O)w(C3H6O)x(C2H4O)y(C3H6O)zH??(3).

Abstract: Protective laminates are provided that include (a) a layer that is breathable and highly impermeable to chemicals to a degree that is subject to reduction upon flexing of the highly impermeable layer alone; and (b) a breathable non-textile layer attached to the highly impermeable layer, the non-textile layer mitigating the reduction in the impermeability of the highly impermeable layer if the laminate is flexed. The laminates may, for example, be attached to textiles and used in protective fabrics.

Abstract: A wind power plant is provided including at least one component with a surface. The surface is coated at least partially with a hard material layer, preferably a vanadium-based hard material layer. Further, a wind park and a method of improving a characteristic of a surface of a component of a wind power plant are provided.

Abstract: An electronic element includes a substrate, and a transparent conductive layer. The substrate includes a surface. The transparent conductive layer is formed on a surface of the substrate. The transparent conductive layer includes at least one carbon nanotube layer. Carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube layer are adhered together by the van der Waals attractive force therebetween.

Abstract: Coatings which are applied to a component have to be removed again in a complex way in certain regions, since a coating was not desired to be present in those regions. The subsequent removal of this layer adversely affects the component, for example its geometry. The method according to the invention for coating a component includes a masking which at least partially comprises a ceramic powder and can therefore easily be removed after the component has been coated.

Abstract: Coating system for reducing CMAS infiltration of substrates includes at least an inner ceramic layer and an outer alumina-containing layer. The outer layer includes up to 50 percent by weight titania. Additional ceramic layers and alumina-containing layers may be provided. The coating may be used for gas turbine engine components. Deposition techniques for the coating layers may depend on the end use of the component. Coated articles include a substrate, an optional bond coat on the substrate and a coating over the bond coat or on at least a portion of the substrate in the absence of a bond coat. The inner ceramic layer(s) exhibit a microstructure indicative of a deposition technique selected from thermal spray, physical vapor deposition, and suspension plasma spray, whereas the outer alumina-containing layer exhibits a microstructure indicative of suspension plasma spray, solution plasma spray, and a high velocity oxygen fuel spray.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions containing copolycarbonates comprising bisphenol A and TMC bisphenol building blocks and specific polyolefins or functionalized polyolefins. The invention also relates to mouldings and injection moulded parts and extrudates obtainable from these compositions, and to processes for the production of the mouldings and extrudates. The invention furthermore relates to multilayer products comprising a substrate containing the polycarbonate according to the invention, which has a further layer at least on one side, preferably a metal layer, and processes for the production of such products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multilayer, antimicrobially modified, biaxially oriented polyester film that includes at least one base layer (B) and an outer layer (A) that has been applied to the base layer and that has also been antimicrobially modified, wherein the antimicrobially modified outer layer (A) comprises a silver-loaded zeolite, has a layer thickness <8 ?m, and the layer thickness is not greater than 1.3 times the median particle size of the zeolite. The invention further relates to a process for the production of the film, and to the use of the film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a support for the epitaxy of a layer of a material of composition AlxInyGa(1-x-y)N, where 0?x?1, 0?y?1 and x+y?1, having successively from its base to its surface; a support substrate, a bonding layer, a monocrystalline seed layer for the epitaxial growth of the layer of material AlxInyGa(1-x-y)N. The support substrate is made of a material that presents an electrical resistivity of less than 10?3 ohm·cm and a thermal conductivity of greater than 100 W·m?1·K?1. The seed layer is in a material of the composition AlxInyGa(1-x-y)N, where 0?x?1, 0?y?1 and x+y?1. The seed and bonding layers provide a specific contact resistance that is less than or equal to 0.1 ohm·cm?2, and the materials of the support substrate, the bonding layer and the seed layer are refractory at a temperature of greater than 750° C. or even greater than 1000° C. The invention also relates to methods for manufacturing the support.

Abstract: A gas-barrier laminate, containing a plastic substrate, an inorganic thin film on at least one surface of the plastic substrate, and a coating layer on a surface of the inorganic thin film is provided. The coating layer comprises at least one resin selected from the group consisting of a polyester resin, an urethane resin, an acrylic resin, an alkoxysilyl group-containing resin, an oxazoline group-containing resin and copolymer resins thereof and a hardness of the coating layer is from 0.1 to 0.5 GPa as measured at 23° C. in atmospheric air by a nano-indentation hardness testing method. When the gas-barrier laminate is further laminated on the coating layer with an unstretched polypropylene film having a thickness of 60 ?m and the further obtained laminate subjected to a hydrothermal treatment at 120° C. for 30 min, an oxygen permeability of the further laminate is not more than 50 fmol/m2/s/Pa.

Abstract: An organic glass for automobile is provided which has excellent weatherability, wear-resistance and abrasion-resistance, and which can be mass-produced by a simple and inexpensive process. The organic glass comprises a transparent resin base plate 12 and a hard coat layer 14 formed on at least one surface of the resin base plate. The hard coat layer includes an organic thin film 16 formed by vacuum deposition polymerization.

Abstract: A film having an antistatic releasing agent layer comprising fiber-shaped carbon and disposed on at least one of the faces of a substrate film, a release film having a releasing agent layer disposed on one face of a substrate and an antistatic layer which comprises a cured product of a resin composition of the active energy ray curing type comprising fiber-shaped carbon or a combination of fiber-shaped carbon and an electrically conductive macromolecular compound and is disposed on the other face of the substrate film, and processes for producing the films. The release films have a relatively small thickness of the antistatic layer, exhibit the stable antistatic function, are excellent in smoothness, do not adversely affect hardening of the resin releasing agent, exhibit the excellent releasing function and provide the excellent productivity.

Abstract: A seed crystal for silicon carbide single crystal growth (13) which is attached to the lid of a graphite crucible charged with a raw material silicon carbide powder. The seed crystal includes a seed crystal (4) formed of silicon carbide having one surface defined as a growth surface (4a) for growing a silicon carbide single crystal by a sublimation method, and a carbon film (12) formed on the surface (4b) opposite to the growth surface of the seed crystal (4). Further, the film density of the carbon film (12) is 1.2 g/cm3 to 3.3 g/cm3.

Abstract: An adhesive sheet for protecting the back face of a solar battery module includes a synthetic resin substrate layer, and an adhesive compound layer laminated on the back face side of the substrate layer, and the adhesive compound layer having an average thickness of 0.01 mm or greater and 1 mm or less.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer member, such as a belt, that includes, for example, a supporting substrate, a silane first intermediate layer, and contained on the silane layer a second layer of a self crosslinking acrylic resin; a mixture of a glycoluril resin and an acrylic polyol resin; or a mixture of a glycoluril resin and a self crosslinking acrylic resin.

Abstract: A laminate tape that has a bottom layer of aggressive adhesive formulated to have sufficient adhesion to construction materials to as low as 20 degrees F. The adhesive is applied in a layer of about 2 to 5 mils. A second layer that is about 10 to 60 mils thick is made of rubberized asphalt, which provides self-sealing capabilities. In one embodiment, the first layer has strips of adhesive and sections of rubberized asphalt. The third layer is a film, which can be a thin, contiguous polymer, fabric or particulate. The laminate can be used where a strong adhesive is needed that will adhere to construction materials at or near 20 degrees Fahrenheit, while still retaining self-sealing characteristics.

Abstract: Built-up roofing surfacing sheets that include a white, resin coated aluminum foil adhered to one side of an asphalt-impregnated fiberglass mat and sand adhered to the other side of the asphalt-impregnated fiberglass mat, the surfacing sheet being compliant with the requirements of California Code of Regulations, Title 24 in effect as of Sep. 11, 2006, and methods of manufacturing the built-up roofing surfacing sheets.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to substrates coated with a transparent or translucent film-forming composition, prepared from a curable, two-package composition comprising a first and second reactive package. The first reactive package contains a polyamine component comprising: i) a polyether functional polyamine; ii) an aspartic ester functional polyamine; and iii) an aliphatic polyamine. The second reactive package comprises a polyisocyanate, and the curable composition, under ambient conditions, upon mixing of the reactive packages, demonstrates a gel time of at least 2500 seconds.

Abstract: A thermal coating includes a substrate, a first coating layer, and a second coating layer. The substrate is selected from the group consisting of superalloys and ceramic matrix composites. The first coating layer comprises an alumina powder, a silica binder, and at least one additive selected from either a first group or a second group. The second coating layer comprises at least one of zinc titanate or cerium oxide. A method for applying a thermal coating system includes spraying a bond coat mixture onto a substrate using a liquid electrostatic sprayer. The bond coat mixture comprises an alumina powder, a silica binder, and at least one additive selected from either a first group or a second group. The method further includes applying a top coat mixture onto the bond coat mixture, wherein the top coat mixture comprises at least one of zinc titanate or cerium oxide.

Abstract: An optical film includes a hard coating layer, an anti-glare layer, a first adhesive layer, and a second adhesive layer. The hard coating layer is a hard and transparent material, and the anti-glare layer is adhered on a first side of the hard coating layer. The first adhesive layer is adhered on one side of the anti-glare layer away from the hard coating layer, and the second adhesive layer is adhered on a second side of the hard coating layer opposite to the first side. A thickness of the optical film can be 0.19˜0.23 mm. The present disclosure further provides a display module using the optical film.

Abstract: This invention relates to erosion resistant coatings comprising at least 2 sublayer systems in which each sublayer system is separated from another by an interlayer, wherein (i) each sublayer system is the same or different and comprises at least 4 layers, (ii) said layers comprise alternating layers of a nitride-containing compound of stoichiometric composition and a nitride-containing compound of nonstoichiometric composition, (iii) each sublayer system has a thickness of greater than about 0.4 microns, and (iv) each interlayer is the same or different and comprises a metal-containing compound. This invention also relates to a method for producing the coatings and to articles, e.g., gas turbine compressor rotor blade and stator vanes, coated with the coatings.

Abstract: A multi-layer film structure for use in forming blister packaging. The multi-layer structure includes a first polymeric layer having a first surface and a second surface, the first polymeric layer comprising a metalized polyethylene teraphthalate, a second polymeric layer having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface of the second polymeric layer disposed adjacent the second surface of the first polymeric layer, the second polymeric layer comprising a cyclic olefin or a homopolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene, and a third polymeric layer having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface of the third polymeric layer disposed adjacent the second surface of the second polymeric layer, the third polymeric layer comprising polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride. A method of making a multi-layer film structure and a packaging structure are also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for materials using compounds, polymeric compounds, and compositions used to prepare semiconductor and optoelectronic materials and devices including thin film and band gap materials. This invention provides a range of compounds, polymeric compounds, compositions, materials and methods directed ultimately toward photovoltaic applications, transparent conductive materials, as well as devices and systems for energy conversion, including solar cells. This invention further relates to thin film AIGS, AIS, and AGS materials made by a process of providing one or more polymeric precursor compounds or inks thereof, providing a substrate, depositing the compounds or inks onto the substrate; and heating the substrate at a temperature of from about 20° C. to about 650° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coating material composition with a gas-barrier property which comprises, as essential components, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) obtained by saponifying an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an inorganic layered compound (B) and a solvent, wherein the total amount of (A) and (B) is 1 to 30% by mass and the mass ratio (A)/(B) is (30/70) to (50/50). The coating material provides gas-barrier properties to packaging materials.

Abstract: The present application generally relates to the formation of a microsphere-based laser-receptive retroreflective sheeting having a thickness of less than 0. 161 mm that exhibits reduced incidence of curling during and after printing. The reduced incidence of curling results from placement of an anticurl coating on at least a portion of the retroreflective sheeting. After curing, the anticurl coating includes a cross-linked acrylic acid resin. This resulting microsphere-based, laser-receptive retroreflective sheeting can, for example, be adhered or placed adjacent to a substrate to create a form.

Abstract: Production method for the manufacturing of very thin monolithic layers of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) characterized in that the TPU is extrusion coated and/or laminated with an extrusion head with a mouth opening of less than 0.80 mm, and preferably of 0.60 mm, whereby the line speed is held between 50 m/min and 200 m/min, and preferably at 100 m/min, and whereby the extruder head temperature is held between 150° C. and 270° C., and preferably at 175° C., and whereby the extruder compression ratio is held between 3.0 and 3.8, and preferably at 3.5, and whereby the pressing pressure of the extruder is kept between 10 bar and 80 bar, and preferably at 40 bar.

Abstract: A magnet assembly comprising a flexible magnet secured between two printable substrates that allow the assembly to be mailed without interfering with the automated sorting equipment used by postal services to process mail. One of the substrates partially disrupts the magnetic field of the magnet to prevent the magnet from interfering with the automated sorting equipment, yet allows adequate magnetic effect therethrough such that the magnet assembly can be attached directly to a magnetically receptive surface (e.g. refrigerator) when received by a mail recipient. The other substrate preferably completely disrupts the magnetic field of the magnet to prevent the magnet from interfering with the automated sorting equipment.

Abstract: A scintillator material comprises a rare-earth halide coated with a layer comprising a resin and a pigment. In an embodiment, the scintillator material is used in an ionizing-radiation detector, and in particular embodiment, a gamma camera. The layer can adhere well and act as an absorbent or reflector depending on the color of the pigment.

Abstract: A panel made of a wooden material with a surface coating has an undercoat which is applied to the wooden material and at least one lacquer coating and a functional component. There is produced a panel made of a wooden material with a low-cost surface coating which can be applied easily and is optically appealing.

Abstract: An optical film comprising a silicone elastomer having a support surface and an opposing liner surface; a releasable support contacting at least a portion of the support surface; and a releasable liner contacting at least a portion of the liner surface. The releasable support has a first release tension from the silicone elastomer and the releasable liner has a second release tension from the silicone elastomer, wherein the first release tension and the second release tension are different. In one embodiment, the first release tension is higher than the second release tension, with the first release tension being at least 20% higher than the second release tension. An image display device comprising the optical film is also provided. The optical film provides increase durability, reworkability and workability for improved assembly and manufacturing of image display devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multilayer sealable film having a sealable outer layer, a first heat resistant layer, a core layer, and a second heat resistant layer. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the core layer is positioned between the two heat resistant layers. The sealable layer is positioned such that one of the heat resistant layers is located between the seal layer and the core layers.

Abstract: A decorative paint film laminate having high gloss and distinctness of image after processing for providing a decorative finish for a part, the decorative paint film laminate comprises a paint film having an inner surface and an outer surface, a backing sheet applied to the inner surface of the paint film, and no mask on the outer surface of the paint film. The paint film comprises a clear coat layer, a gloss and distinctness of image retaining layer, and a color coat layer. The paint film obtains high gloss and distinctness of image without a mask being on the outer surface of the paint film.