Abstract: The present invention relates to a bioactive material and to a method of producing a bioactive material which is suitable for use as an implant or for use as a bone substitute for repairing bone.

Abstract: This invention pertains to light emitting materials comprising novel ortho-metalated transition metal complexes [C^N]2M(T)(L), comprising chelate dialkylamino-substituted C^N ligands, monodentate neutral ligand (L) having sp2 hybridized N atom and a monodentate anionic ligand (T) chosen among CN?, CNO?, CNS?. It has been surprisingly found that when the metal has bound thereto in addition to substituted orthometalated ligands, both an anion chosen among cyanide, thiocyanate, cyanate, possessing strong C donor and ? acceptor properties, and a monodentate neutral ligand L, as above defined, said ligands advantageously participate in the emission process, significantly shifting emission towards higher energies (blue-shift) and enabling appreciable improvement of the emission efficiency of complexes [C^N]2M(T)(L). Still objects of the invention are the use of said light emitting materials and organic light emitting device comprising said light emitting material.

Abstract: A method of coating a surface, preparing a doped metal-ion precursor solution for coating, and an article including a component coated by the described method are disclosed. The method of coating includes applying a fluoro-silane doped metal-ion precursor solution on the surface to form a coated surface. The metal-ion precursor solution includes greater than about 0.6 molar percent concentration of a metal-ion precursor in a solvent comprising an alcohol. The method of preparing the doped metal-ion precursor solution includes dissolving a metal-ion precursor in a solvent comprising an alcohol at a temperature greater than about 100° C. and refluxing at a temperature greater than about 150° C. such that the concentration of metal-ion precursor in the solution is greater than 0.6 molar percent of the solution, and adding a fluoro-silane to the metal-ion precursor solution.

Abstract: A coated substrate including: a substrate including a treated layer, a photocatalytic layer, and a protective layer between the photocatalytic layer and the treated layer, the protective layer comprising colloidal particles dispersed in a matrix, the colloidal particles including first and second types of particles that differ in their respective particle size distributions and which together provide a physical barrier by virtue of the first, smaller particles at least partially filling interstices between the second, larger particles and thereby impede photocatalyst derived degradation of the treated layer, the first type of colloid particles comprising hydrolysed silica based material such as reactive silica condensate particles or polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes, or mixtures thereof, the protective layer having an effect of less than 20 delta E units on the colour and gloss of the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coating material for aluminum die casting and a method for coating the same, the coating material including: a CrN adhesion layer formed on a surface of a base material; a TrAlN/CrN support layer formed on a surface of the CrN adhesion layer; and a TiAl(CrSi)VCN functional layer formed on a surface of the TiAlN/CrN support layer. The present coating material solves the hot stamping and sticking problem of a conventional aluminum die casting mold and the like, enhances thermal resistance, and further has enhanced thermal resistance, high-temperature wear resistance, sticking resistance and thermal impact resistance compared to that of a conventional coating material.

Abstract: A component comprising a stacked interleaved film structure that includes a plurality of layers inert to light. Alternating layers are either doped with a reverse saturable absorber (RSA) material or the RSA material is located between the adjacent inert layers. In some embodiments, the inert alternating layers have different refractive indices. A data storage device and methods of manufacture are also disclosed.

Abstract: A rigid decorative member of the present invention is a rigid decorative member comprising a base and a rigid coating layer laminated on or above the base, wherein the rigid coating layer comprises a reaction compound of raw metal, in which a metal M1 and a metal M2, and in addition, selectively a metal M3 are combined, and of a non-metallic element selected from one or two or more of nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen, or comprises an alloy in which a metal M1 and a metal M2, and in addition, selectively a metal M3 are combined; the metal M1 is selected from one or two of Mo and W; the metal M2 is selected from one or two or more of Nb, Ta, and V; and the metal M3 is selected from one or two or more of Cr, Ti, Hf, and Zr.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a display device without using an oxide light-transmitting conductive film which is necessary in a conventional method. In addition, it is another object of the present invention to provide an electronic device having a display device using a new electrode material. It is a summary of the present invention to form an electrode of a pixel or a pixel portion with a light-transmitting conductive film containing a hole-transporting organic compound and a metal oxide which shows an electron accepting property with respect to the hole-transporting organic compound. The hole-transporting organic compound and the metal oxide which shows an electron accepting property with respect to the hole-transporting organic compound are composed to have resistivity of less than or equal to 1×106 ?·cm, thereby being able to serve as an electrode of a pixel.

Abstract: There are provided a multilayer thin film for a ceramic electronic component and a method of manufacturing the same. The multilayer thin film includes a substrate; and a ceramic layer and a metal layer alternately formed on at least one of upper and lower surfaces of the substrate, wherein at least one of the ceramic layer and the metal layer has a height corresponding to a thickness of at least one of a plurality of particles arranged on a plane. With the multilayer thin film for a ceramic electronic component, the number of layers increases and a distance between electrodes decreases, whereby capacitance may increase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a body, especially a cutting element, at least partially comprising a coating, whereby the coating is formed from one or more coating layers, whereby at least one coating layer comprises aluminum, titanium and nitrogen or is formed from these elements. According to the invention, the coating layer with aluminum, titanium and nitrogen at least partially comprises lamellae having a lamellar thickness of less than 100 nm, whereby the lamellae comprise successive sections having different phases. The invention further relates to a method for coating a body, especially a cutting element.

Abstract: A coating method, coated article and coating are provided. The coated article includes a low temperature component, and a graphene coating formed from a graphene derivative applied over the low temperature component. The coating method includes providing a graphene derivative, providing a low temperature component, applying the graphene derivative over the low temperature component, and forming a graphene coating. The graphene coating reduces corrosion and fouling of the low temperature component. The coating includes a graphene derivative, and modified functional groups on the graphene derivative. The modified functional groups increase adherence of the coating on application to a low temperature component.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention includes a base material and a coating formed on the base material, the coating includes one or two or more layers, a layer among these layers that abuts on the base material is a TiN layer, the TiN layer contains at least one element together with TiN, the element has a concentration distribution in a thickness direction of the TiN layer, and the concentration distribution includes a region where the concentration of the element decreases in a direction from the base material toward a surface of the coating.

Abstract: The present invention is a gas barrier film laminate comprising at least two gas barrier films and a bonding layer, the at least two gas barrier films being stacked through the bonding layer, the bonding layer having a configuration in which a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is contiguously stacked on each side of a base film A, the base film A being formed of a synthetic resin having a tensile modulus at 23° C. of 3000 to 10,000 MPa. The present invention is also an electronic device member comprising the gas barrier film laminate. According to the present invention, provided are a gas barrier film laminate that exhibits an excellent gas barrier capability and excellent bendability, an electronic device member that includes the gas barrier film laminate, and an electronic device that includes the electronic device member.

Abstract: Disclosed are a supporting substrate for manufacturing a flexible information display device using a temporary bonding/debonding layer, a manufacturing method thereof, and a flexible information display device. A supporting substrate for manufacturing a flexible information display device, the supporting substrate comprising: a temporary bonding/debonding layer having a thickness in a range of 0.1 nm to 1000 nm and comprising an adhesive material bonded to the supporting substrate through Van der Waals bonding force. Provided is a method capable of economically manufacturing the display device having a high resolution while reviewing a cost competitive force by reducing a device investment cost and improving the yield rate in the flexible flat panel information display device.

Abstract: This invention relates to the direct grafting of a calixarene mostly onto the surface of a material, as well as to a grafting process, and certain calixarene intermediates useful for carrying the grafting process.

Abstract: A hard coat window and a touch panel including the same includes: a base substrate; a first layer formed on the base substrate; and a second layer formed on the first layer, wherein the second layer is made of a carbon-injected silicon oxide (SiOC) layer.

Abstract: There is provided a chromium-containing austenitic alloy wherein at least one surface of the surfaces of the alloy has a continuous chromium oxide film with a thickness of 5 nm or more and less than 50 nm. A maximum current density determined by a critical passivation current density method is 0.1 ?A/cm2 or less when the chromium oxide film is continuous. A chemical composition of a base metal preferably consists of, by mass percent, C: 0.15% or less, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 2.0% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Cr: 10.0 to 40.0%, Ni: 8.0 to 80.0%, Ti: 0.5% or less, Cu: 0.6% or less, Al: 0.5% or less, and N: 0.20% or less, the balance being Fe and impurities.

Abstract: Some embodiments include a method of forming a capacitor. An opening is formed through a silicon-containing mass to a base, and sidewalls of the opening are lined with protective material. A first capacitor electrode is formed within the opening and has sidewalls along the protective material. At least some of the silicon-containing mass is removed with an etch. The protective material protects the first capacitor electrode from being removed by the etch. A second capacitor electrode is formed along the sidewalls of the first capacitor electrode, and is spaced from the first capacitor electrode by capacitor dielectric. Some embodiments include multi-material structures having one or more of aluminum nitride, molybdenum nitride, niobium nitride, niobium oxide, silicon dioxide, tantalum nitride and tantalum oxide. Some embodiments include semiconductor constructions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a shaped and coated metallic material which has excellent adhesion to a molded article of a thermoplastic resin composition and can be produced in a simple manner. The shaped and coated metallic material comprises a shaped metallic material and a coating film formed on the surface of the shaped metallic material. The coating film comprises a polyurethane resin containing a polycarbonate unit. The ratio of the mass of the polycarbonate unit relative to the total mass of resins in the coating film is 15 to 80 mass %. The thickness of the coating film is 0.5 ?m or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating system comprising at least one multi-layered film formed of alternated A- and B-nanolayers deposited one on each other characterized in that the A-nanolayers contain essentially aluminium chromium boron nitride and the B-nanolayers contain essentially aluminium chromium nitride.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to articles of manufacture, such as medical devices, having a non-fouling surface comprising a grafted polymer material. The surface resists the adhesion of biological material.

Abstract: An article having a fluid permeation prevention layer, such as a pneumatic tire or hose. A tire for example includes an outer tread layer, intermediate sidewall and carcass layers and an innermost air permeation prevention layer: (i) the air permeation prevention (APP) layer having an upper and a lower surface, the layer having a polymer composition exhibiting an air permeation coefficient (APC) of about 25×10?12 cc cm/cm2 sec cmHg (at 30° C.) or less and a Young's modulus of about 1 MPa to about 500 MPa, the polymer composition comprising: (A) at least 10 wt % of at least one. thermoplastic resin component having an APC of about 25×10?12 cc cm/cm2 sec cmHg (at 30° C.) or less and a Young's modulus of more than 500 MPa, which is preferably a polyamide resin or mixture, and (B) at least 10 wt % of at least one elastomer component having an APC of more than about 25×10?12 cc cm/cm2 sec cmHg (at 30° C.

Abstract: An organic EL device includes an organic EL emitter that emits blue light and a blue color filter through which the light emitted from the organic EL emitter passes. The blue color filter contains a coloring material selected from the group consisting of a triarylmethane dye, a lake pigment, a copper-phthalocyanine pigment, and a mixture of a copper-phthalocyanine pigment and a dioxazine pigment. The chromaticity of the light that has passed through the blue color filter after being emitted from the organic EL emitter, is in the range defined by lines connecting three chromaticity coordinates (0.150, 0.060), (0.143, 0.031), and (0.130, 0.049) on the CIE chromaticity diagram.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for fabricating an in-mold transfer film, including the steps of: forming a substrate layer with any one of PVC, PET, and PETG; forming a hard coating layer having a given release force on top of the substrate layer; coating a primer layer on top of the hard coating layer so as to strengthen the bonding force between the hard coating layer and a printing layer to be formed on the primer layer; and forming the printing layer on top of the printer layer; and coating an adhesive layer on top of the printing layer.

Abstract: In one aspect, coated cutting tools are described herein. In some embodiments, a coated cutting tool comprises a substrate and a refractory layer deposited by PVD adhered to the substrate, the refractory layer comprising M1-xAlxN wherein x?0.4 and M is titanium, chromium or zirconium, the refractory layer having a thickness greater than 5 ?m, hardness of at least 25 GPa and residual compressive stress less than 2.5 GPa.

Abstract: In one aspect, coated cutting tools are described herein comprising a substrate and a coating comprising a refractory layer deposited by physical vapor deposition adhered to the substrate, the refractory layer comprising M1-xAlxN wherein x?0.68 and M is titanium, chromium or zirconium, the refractory layer including a cubic crystalline phase and having hardness of at least 25 GPa.

Abstract: A polymerizable composition is disclosed wherein the polymerizable composition includes a first component selected from the group composed of compounds produced by an ester exchange reaction between a hydrogenated polyolefin polyol and an acrylic acid ester, compounds produced by an ester exchange reaction between a hydrogenated polyolefin polyol and a methacrylic acid ester, compounds produced by a dehydration condensation reaction between a hydrogenated polyolefin polyol and an acrylic acid, and compounds produced by a dehydration condensation reaction between a hydrogenated polyolefin polyol and a methacrylic acid, a second component selected from the group composed of compounds containing a hydrocarbon group with a carbon number more than or equal to 6 and an acryloyl group and compounds containing a hydrocarbon group with a carbon number more than or equal to 6 and a methacryloyl group, and a third component selected from the group composed of photopolymerization initiators.

Abstract: To provide a hard coating composition which forms a hard coat layer that has high visibility and good hardness, while having stretchability. To provide a technique which is capable of effectively preventing blocking phenomenon in a layered product such as a resin film without adversely affecting the visibility. The present invention provides a hard coating composition which contains (A) a phenolic novolac acrylate that has two or more acrylate groups and (B) an aromatic group-containing mono or poly(meth)acrylate compound that contains 1-2 mol of an alkylene oxide structure having two or three carbon atoms in each molecule. This hard coating composition contains 60-85 parts by mass of the phenolic novolac acrylate (A) and 15-30 parts by mass of the (meth)acrylate (B) per 100 parts by mass of the resin component contained in the hard coating composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a spinel iron oxide layer. textured according to a preferred crystal orientation along the [111] direction, with the spinel iron oxide layer being a ferrite layer or a doped ferrite layer, characterised in that it comprises: producing a bottom layer of titanium (Ti) or titanium oxide (TiOx), with the thickness of the bottom layer being greater than or equal to eight nanometres; producing a spinel iron oxide layer on the bottom layer produced beforehand. It also relates to a device comprising a layer of textured ferrite.

Abstract: A surface treatment method for metal substrate includes: a metal substrate is provided; a first color layer is deposited on the metal substrate, the first color layer being a TiC layer or a TiN layer; a second color layer is deposited on the first color layer, the first color layer being a CrC layer or a CrN layer, the color of the first color layer being different from the color of the second color layer; forming a shielding layer on partially of the second color layer; electrochemical etching the metal substrate, the second color layer not covered with the shielding layer being removed to form a recessed portion, the recessed portion being extend through the second color layer. A coated article for manufactured by the surface treatment method is also provided.

Abstract: The invention thus relates to a layer system (1) for the formation of a surface layer on a surface of a substrate, in particular on the surface of a tool, in particular on the surface of a shaping tool, wherein the layer system includes at least a first surface layer of the composition (VaMebMcXd)?(NuCvOw)?, where (a+b+c+d)=?, ?=100%, with respect to the atoms Va,Meb,Mc,Xd present in the layer, (u+v+w)=?. ?=100 with respect to the atoms N, C, O present in the layer, with the sum of all the atoms in the layer (?+?)=100 at %, where 40???80 at % applies, and where Meb is at least one element from the group of chemical elements including Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Ni, Cu, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm of the periodic system of chemical elements and Mc is at least one element of the group of chemical elements including Ti, Cr, and Xd is at least one element from the group of chemical elements including S, Se, Si, B of the periodic system of elements, where 0?u?100, 0?v?100 and 0?w?80.

Abstract: An electrically conductive multilayer stack including a first metal oxide layer including titanium oxide, a metal layer on the first metal oxide layer, and a second metal oxide layer including titanium oxide on the metal layer, at least one of the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer including a first region, a second region on the first region, and a third region on the second region, the first region and the third region each having a higher oxygen concentration than that of the second region is disclosed. Methods of manufacturing an electrically conductive multilayer stack are also disclosed.

Abstract: An OLED device including a cathode, a light emitting layer and an anode, in that order, and, having located between the cathode and the light emitting layer, a further layer containing an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of a 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)phenanthroline derivative, according to Formula (MC) below. Such devices exhibit reduced drive voltage while maintaining good luminance.

Abstract: Provided is a black resin steel plate having superior drawing ability and glossiness and particularly to a black resin steel plate in which the coefficient of friction of a black resin film is adjusted so as to block the transfer of a resin layer due to a reduction in thickness of the resin layer, thereby improving blackness and drawing ability, and to a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A golden rigid decorative member in which scratch resistance and abrasion resistance are significantly improved and deterioration of appearance quality due to a flaw, abrasion, or the like is suppressed, and which has a pale color with a high quality feel is stably provided. A single layer or several layers of a coating including a reaction compound of an alloy of Ti and one or two or more metals selected from Nb, Ta, and V, and of one or two non-metallic elements mainly including nitrogen and selected from carbon and oxygen are stacked on a base.

Abstract: An ink film construction comprising: (a) a printing substrate; and (b) at least one ink film, fixedly adhered to a top surface of the printing substrate, the ink film having an upper film surface distal to the top surface of the substrate, wherein a surface concentration of nitrogen at the upper film surface exceeds a bulk concentration of nitrogen within the film, the bulk concentration measured at a depth of at least 30 nanometers below the upper film surface, and wherein a ratio of the surface concentration to the bulk concentration is at least 1.1 to 1.

Abstract: Provided is a laminate film having a substrate and at least one thin film layer which has been formed on at least one surface of the substrate, in which at least one of the thin film layer contains silicon atoms, oxygen atoms, and carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel ultra-thin hydrophobic and oleophobic layer, formed by self-assembly on a solid substrate surface, of compounds of the general formula A-B in which A represents a group of the formula in which Z represents C or N+, X represents C—H or C-L, L being an electron-attracting group selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CF3, NO2 and N(CH3)3+, Y represents H or CH3, or Y forms a 5- or 6-atom heterocycle with X, T represents NH, CO, CONH or NH2+U?, U? being a soluble anion, and B represents an unsubstituted C1-C20 linear aliphatic alkyl group, or a C1-C20 linear aliphatic alkyl group partially or completely substituted with F, and a method of preparing this layer and its use as an epilame or barrier film.

Abstract: A film is formed under vacuum by a step of purifying and/or flattening the base material (13) by irradiating the base material (13) with a gas cluster ion beam (4a); by a step of forming an intermediate layer film by evaporating/vaporizing an intermediate layer film forming material, allowing the evaporated/vaporized material to adhere to the surface of the base material (13), and irradiating the intermediate layer film forming material with a gas cluster ion beam (4a); and by evaporating/vaporizing a carbon film forming material containing a carbonaceous material containing substantially no hydrogen, and a boron material, allowing the evaporated/vaporized material to adhere to the surface of the intermediate layer film, and irradiating the carbon film forming material with a gas cluster ion beam (4a).

Abstract: An article having a fluid permeation prevention layer, such as a pneumatic tire or hose. A tire for example includes an outer tread layer, intermediate sidewall and carcass layers and an innermost air permeation prevention layer: (i) the air permeation prevention (APP) layer having an upper and a lower surface, the layer having a polymer composition exhibiting an air permeation coefficient (APC) of about 25×10?12 cc cm/cm2 sec cmHg (at 30° C.) or less and a Young's modulus of about 1 MPa to about 500 MPa, the polymer composition comprising: (A) at least 10 wt % of at least one thermoplastic resin component having an APC of about 25×10?12 cc cm/cm2 sec cmHg (at 30° C.) or less and a Young's modulus of more than 500 MPa, which is preferably a polyamide resin or mixture, and (B) at least 10 wt % of at least one elastomer component having an APC of more than about 25×10?12 cc cm/cm2 sec cmHg (at 30° C.

Abstract: Coating barrier layer and manufacturing process, for coating a base substrate, comprising said barrier layer a group of, at least, an inorganic layer and a polymeric layer, where a metal rich interface layer is disposed between the inorganic layer and the polymeric layer.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to chemically and mechanically durable glass compositions and glass articles formed from the same. In another embodiment, a glass composition may include from about 70 mol. % to about 80 mol. % SiO2; from about 3 mol. % to about 13 mol. % alkaline earth oxide; X mol. % Al2O3; and Y mol. % alkali oxide. The alkali oxide may include Na2O in an amount greater than about 8 mol. %. A ratio of Y:X may be greater than 1 and the glass composition may be free of boron and compounds of boron. In some embodiments, the glass composition may also be free of phosphorous and compounds of phosphorous. Glass articles formed from the glass composition may have at least a class S3 acid resistance according to DIN 12116, at least a class A2 base resistance according to ISO 695, and a type HGA1 hydrolytic resistance according to ISO 720.

Abstract: Structures and methods are provided for temporarily bonding handler wafers to device wafers using bonding structures that include one or more releasable layers which are laser-ablatable using mid-wavelength infrared radiation

Abstract: The disclosure discloses abrasion resistant, persistently hydrophobic and oleophobic, anti-reflective and anti-soiling coatings for glass. The coatings described herein have wide application, including for example the front cover glass of solar modules. Methods of applying the coatings using various apparatus are disclosed. Methods for using the coatings in solar energy generation plants to achieve greater energy yield and reduced operations costs are disclosed. Coating materials are formed by combinations of hydrolyzed silane-base precursors through sol-gel processes. Several methods of synthesis and formulation of coating materials are disclosed.

Abstract: Reflective coating systems, methods for depositing such coating systems, and lamps equipped with such coating systems. The reflective coating systems include an intermediate metallic layer overlying a substrate and consisting of nickel, chromium or a Ni—Cr alloy, a reflective metallic layer containing silver and overlying the intermediate metallic layer, and a protective layer overlying the reflective metallic layer.

Abstract: A cutting tool insert for turning of hardened steels and tool steels includes a textured CVD ?-Al2O3 coated cemented carbide body. The cemented carbide body has 4.0-7.0 wt-% Co and 0.25-0.50 wt-% Cr and an S-value of 0.68-0.88 and a coercivity (Hc) of 28-38 kA/m. The ?-Al2O3 layer has a thickness ranging from 7 to 12 ?m, is composed of columnar grains having a length/width ratio from 2 to 12 and is deposited on an MTCVD Ti(C,N) layer having a thickness from 4 to 12 ?m. The alumina layer is characterised by a pronounced (006) growth texture.

Abstract: The surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention is characterized in that a region of 10 ?m in a surface of the base material from point a? to point b? has two to seven cracks with a width of not more than 200 nm, or two to ten pores are present per length of 10 ?m in the surface of the base material from point a? to point b?, where points a? and b? are points defined respectively by lines drawn perpendicularly from points a and b to the surface of the base material where point a is a position located away from an edge ridgeline toward a rake face by distance La and point b is a position located away from the edge ridgeline toward a flank face by distance Lb.

Abstract: A flexible composite comprising a plastic foil, having an upper and a lower surface, and at least one dielectric barrier layer against gases and liquids which is applied directly to at least one of the surfaces by plasma-enhanced thermal vapor deposition and comprises an inorganic vapor-depositable material, is provided. The flexible composite can be used for constructing flexible circuits or displays and has a high barrier effect with regard to oxygen and/or water vapor.

Abstract: The present invention provides an encapsulant with a base for use in semiconductor encapsulation, for collectively encapsulating a device mounting surface of a substrate on which semiconductor devices are mounted, or a device forming surface of a wafer on which semiconductor devices are formed, the encapsulant comprising the base, an encapsulating resin layer composed of an uncured or semi-cured thermosetting resin formed on one surface of the base, and a surface resin layer formed on the other surface of the base. The encapsulant enables a semiconductor apparatus having a good appearance and laser marking property to be manufactured.

Abstract: Provided is a transparent electrode having both sufficient conductivity and light transmittance, and also provided is an electronic device which improves performance by using said transparent electrode. Further provided is method of manufacturing said transparent electrode. This transparent electrode is provided with a nitrogen-containing layer and an electrode layer. The nitrogen-containing layer is formed at a deposition speed of 0.3 nm/s or greater, and is configured using a compound containing nitrogen atoms. Further, the electrode layer is provided adjacent to the nitrogen-containing layer, has a 12 nm or lower film thickness and a measurable sheet resistance, and is configured using silver or an alloy having silver as the main component.