Abstract: A light diffusing solar control film includes a multilayer film that transmits visible light and reflects infrared light, and a light diffusing layer or surface adjacent to the multilayer film forming a light diffusing solar control film. The light diffusing solar control film has a haze value of 10% or greater.

Abstract: The invention provides a glazing that includes a substrate on which there is provided a coating comprising carbon nanotubes. The glazing can be an IG unit comprising two spaced-apart panes bounding a between-pane space, the IG unit having at least one exterior surface on which there is provided a transparent conductor coating comprising carbon nanotubes. The glazing can alternatively be a laminated glass assembly comprising two panes of glass and an interlayer comprising carbon nanotubes sandwiched therebetween. Monolithic substrate embodiments are also provided. In certain embodiments, the coating comprises both dielectric film and carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: In order to provide a spacer profile for an insulated glazing unit, which profile has a cross-section based on a rectangular shape, is provided with two parallel spaced side walls which, when said insulated glazing unit is assembled, will be placed against the panes of glass to be kept apart from each other, and is further provided with first and second transverse walls which extend between said side walls and of which the first will be adjacent to the edge of the glazing unit and the second will face the space between the panes, with the intention of enabling simple handling of said profile when assembling the spacer frame whilst maintaining a high absorptive capacity for water vapor, it is proposed that said spacer profile comprises a binder matrix and, embedded therein, a particulate adsorbent material for water vapor, and that the binder matrix is permeable to water vapor.

Abstract: A method for producing a welded resin material contains steps of: superimposing a resin member having transmissibility to laser light and a resin member having absorptivity to laser light to form a contact part where the resin members are in contact with each other; forming a closed space that is adjacent to the contact part and faces one end of the contact part; and radiating the laser light from the resin member having transmissibility while pressing the resin members to each other through the contact part, so as to heat the contact part to melt a resin at the contact part, housing a resin excluded from the contact part through melting in the closed space, solidifying the resin melted at the contact part to weld the resin members.

Abstract: Each of the multiple spacer frame fabricating machines executes its portion of a schedule, then alerts an operator(s) he or she should move to another spacer frame machine that is simultaneously providing spacer frames for the same schedule. The multiple controllers running the multiple spacer machines continue to prompt the operator until the production schedule has been completed. By alternately choosing spacers from different machines, the operator(s) can maintain the proper spacer sequence on the overhead conveyor.

Abstract: The invention relates to laminated glazing intended to close a window opening and consisting of an external solid pane and an internal solid pane, which are joined together by means of an interlayer. A multilayer system partially transparent to visible radiation is placed on the inside of the laminated glazing. The laminated glazing according to the invention is characterized in that the panes are tinted and absorb some of the infrared radiation, and in that the multilayer system selectively reflects and/or absorbs the infrared radiation. The laminated glazing is particularly suitable for being used as side windows, tail gate or sunroof in vehicles or aircraft.

Abstract: A glazing suitable for undergoing a thermal treatment such as toughening or bending, comprising a multilayered coating deposited on a glass sheet, and also to a toughened and/or bent glazing and a multiple glazing comprising such a toughened and/or bent glazing. The multilayered coating includes: a) a zinc-tin mixed oxide containing at least 12% tin, b) a first silver-based infrared reflecting layer, d) a dielectric, e) a second silver-based infrared reflecting layer, g) a zinc-tin mixed oxide containing at least 12% tin, h) an upper protective layer based on the nitride or oxynitride of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, alloys thereof, or based on the nitride or oxynitride of the alloy or one or more of these metals with Al and/or B. The glazing has a high thermal insulation that is most suitable for use in the building industry.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a multiwall sheet comprises: non-intersecting polymer walls comprising outer layers and transverse layers. The transverse layers intersect the walls to form cells. The multiwall sheet has a non-uniform cell density. In another embodiment, a multiwall sheet can comprise: non-intersecting polymer walls comprising outer layers and a transverse layer and/or a divider. The transverse layer and/or the divider extends from one of the polymer walls to another of the polymer walls to form cells. The multiwall sheet has a non-uniform cell density. In yet another embodiment, a multiwall sheet comprises: non-intersecting polymer walls comprising outer layers and transverse layers. The transverse layers intersect the walls to form cells. The multiwall sheet has a different number of inner layers, transverse layers, and/or dividers, in different portions of the sheet. The multiwall sheets can be used, for example, in a naturally light structure.

Abstract: A method of forming a multi-component molded article is described. The method includes first introducing a first plastic film and a second plastic film separately into a first cavity of an injection mold, the first and said second plastic films each being positioned within the first cavity so as to form a void there-between. Next, a first thermoplastic material is injected into the void, thereby forming a first molding. The first molding is then released from the mold, and the first molding and at least one second molding are together introduced into a second cavity of the mold. Finally, a second thermoplastic material is injected into the second cavity of the mold, thereby combining the first molding and second molding together thus forming a multi-component molded article.

Abstract: The invention concerns an insulating glazing wherein the gap between the substrates is filled with at least one rare gas such as argon, krypton or xenon, the inter-layer sheet (50) has a thermal conductivity less than 1 W/m.K, preferably less than 0.3 W/m.K, a low-emissive coating being deposited on at least part of one of the substrates, an anti-frost coating being deposited on part of at least the outer surface of one substrate, the glazing being free of heating element, the glazing having a thermal conductivity coefficient U less than 1.2 W/m.K with a gas filling of at least 85%, and having a light transmission of at least 67% and a light reflection less than 18%.

Abstract: The invention relates to an insulating glass pane, in which two separate glass panes (2, 3) are held at a distance from one another by a spacer (4), which consists of a strip and which has an inner side (12), and outer side (6) and two flanks (11). A drying agent is provided in conjunction with the spacer (4), and a gap is provided on both sides of the spacer (4) between the spacer and both glass panes (2, 3). This gap is sealed by a primary sealing compound (19) that adheres to the spacer (4) and to the glass panes (2, 3). This invention provides that a compound (18), which contains a drying agent is supplies to the primary sealing compound (19) that seals both gaps and, afterwards, to the side (12) of the spacer (4) (also referred to as inner side (12) hereafter), this side facing the inner space (17) of the insulating glass pane. Said compound (18) is applies so that it covers the inner side (12), that is, as long as the inner side is not already covered by the primary sealing compound (19).

Abstract: The invention relates to an insulating glass panes, in which two separate glass panes (45, 46) are held at a distance from one another by a frame-shaped spacer which is formed from a hollow profile rod (1) or hollow profile rod which are connected in a linear manner. Said spacer comprises an outer (2), two flanks (3,4) and an inner wall (5), with at least one corner (31-34) whereon the hollow profile rod (1) has a recess which starts from the inner wall (5) and extends into the flanks (3,4) in the direction of the outer wall (2) without opening the outer wall (2). According to the invention, a pre-fabricated angle piece (13) is arranged in the hollow profile rod (1) on the at least one corner (31-34) of the spacer and has two limbs (14,15) which are connected by an articulated joint (16) and which are secured in relation to each in one position wherein it forms a predetermined angle.

Abstract: The invention discloses optical coatings with improved durability, the coating comprising a durability enhancing layer, a nucleation layer and an infrared reflecting layer. The invention also discloses methods of making thin film layers having enhanced durability.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of displays. One subject of the invention is a glass composition intended for the production of a substrate for a field-emission display, which has an overall light transmission factor under illuminant D65 (TLD65) that varies from 45 to 80% and is preferably equal to 72% or less, measured for a glass thickness of 2.8 mm, and a blue-gray coloration defined by the following chromatic coordinates: a*=?4 to +1, preferably ?2 to 0; and b*=?6 to +3, preferably ?2 to 0. The substrates obtained advantageously have a reflection brightness (R) of less than 10 Cd/m2.

Abstract: An insulated glass unit (IGU) comprises impact resistant safety films on the inner surfaces of the glass panes, providing an impact resistant, energy-saving IGU for use in windows and doors. A layer of the safety film providing energy savings may be trimmed from the edges of a glass pane; witch may be sealed within the interior of the IGU, preventing corrosion while providing no loss in impact resistance. A scratch-resistant, chemical vapor deposited coating may be added to an interior glass surface (i.e. facing the building interior) in order to prevent heat loss from the building. An IGU may have an Energy Star rating for both summer and winter use.

Abstract: An insulated bullet resistant glass structure is disclosed. An interior glass component has a glass sheet with a film applied to at least one side. An exterior glass component has a glass sheet with a film applied to at least one side. An insulating space is present between the interior glass component and the exterior glass component.

Abstract: An insulating glazing unit including at least two glass sheets spaced apart by a gas-filled cavity, an insert that serves to keep the two glass sheets apart and that has an internal face facing the gas-filled cavity and an opposed external face, and a sealing with respect to the inside of the glazing unit. The insert includes a substantially flat strip that surrounds a first part of the perimeter of the glazing unit, being pressed by its internal face against the edges of the glass sheets and kept fastened by a fastener, and another strip that surrounds a second part of the perimeter of the glazing unit.

Abstract: This invention relates to glazing panels, and in particular to chromogenic glazing panels and to a process for manufacturing such glazing panels. It is disclosed a glazing panel comprising two sheets of glass spaced apart from each other and sealed together along a of their edges, wherein the distance between the two sheets of glass is between 10 and 500 ?m and wherein the glazing panel is provided with a plurality of spaced deposits arranged between and in contact with the two sheets of glass and arranged with a distance between the deposits of between 1 and 10 cm, at least some of the deposits being attached to the surface of each glass sheet and each deposit comprising an adhesive. The glazings according to the invention have the advantage of providing a substantially constant distance between the two sheets of glass over substantially the whole surface of the glazing panel.

Abstract: Structure comprising at least two glass substrates (10, 11) separated by a distance (i), at least one substance (12) at least partly filling the space between the two substrates, and spacers (13) placed between the two substrates in order to maintain their spacing, characterized in that the spacers (13) are fastened to at least one of the substrates.

Abstract: An insulated glazing unit is described and includes a first transparent substrate spaced apart from a parallel second transparent substrate, a sealed void space defined between the first transparent substrate, second transparent substrate, and the window mounting member, and an infrared radiation reflecting multilayer polymeric film disposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate. The infrared radiation reflecting multilayer polymeric film includes a plurality of alternating polymeric layers of a first polymer material and a second polymer material. At least one of the alternating polymer layers is birefringent and oriented. The alternating polymeric layers cooperate to reflect infrared radiation.

Abstract: A transparent skin panel for use in a mobile platform having a plurality of metal sheets. A fiber reinforced resin at least partially surrounds the plurality of metal sheets. The fiber reinforced resin is transparent. A cutout is formed within each of the plurality of metal sheets, which is filled by the transparent resin during the manufacturing process. The cutout corresponds to a window in the transparent skin panel. The transparent skin panel thus eliminates the need for a bulky and heavy frame structure that has traditionally been employed on aircraft, and which has heretofore limited the size of windows used on an aircraft. The present invention thus enables larger windows to be incorporated on aircraft without increasing the weight or cost associated with such windows.

Abstract: A glass article which has a water-sheeting coating. In one embodiment, a glass sheet is provided bearing a sputtered water-sheeting coating comprising silica on an exterior surface and bearing a reflective coating on an interior surface. The interior surface of a sheet of glass can be coated with a reflective coating by sputtering, in sequence, at least one dielectric layer, at least one metal layer, and at least one dielectric layer. The exterior surface of the glass can be coated with a water-sheeting coating by sputtering silica directly onto the exterior surface of the sheet of glass. Both the reflective coating and the water-sheeting coating can optionally be applied during the same pass through the same sputter coating apparatus.

Abstract: A sheet-like pane bearing a low-maintenance coating on one surface and a low-emissivity coating on the opposite surface, wherein one of the low-maintenance coating and the low-emissivity coating has a single surface reflectivity of less than 3 times, and more than one-third, that of the other coating.

Abstract: A window assembly for an aircraft fuselage comprises an exterior transparent panel and an interior transparent panel positioned in an opening of the fuselage. At least one of the transparent panels may be relatively lightweight and the exterior transparent panel may be spaced apart from and in overlying relationship with the interior transparent panel. To ameliorate pressure build up in the spaced apart area, a pressure modulator, such as a vent, may be provided.

Abstract: A heat insulating and shielding glass panel that is capable of maintaining heat shielding performance even if heat treatment is carried out during manufacture. The heat insulating and shielding glass panel 1 is comprised of a pair of glass plates 11 and 12 that are hermetically joined together at their outer peripheral edges via a sealing frame 13 that fluidizes at low temperature, such that respective one surfaces of the glass plates 11, 12 face each other and a hollow layer 14 is formed between the glass plates; and pillars 15 that are substantially cylindrical spacers that are inserted into the hollow layer 14 as atmospheric pressure supporting members and determine the gap between the glass plates 11 and 12. A low-emission transparent multilayer 17 having an emittance of not more than 0.1 is coated by sputtering on each of surfaces 11a and 12a of the respective glass plates 11 and 12 facing the hollow layer 14 so as to realize high heat insulation performance.

Abstract: A carrier for holding a desiccant positionable between panes of an insulated glazing unit useable in a window assembly is disclosed. The carrier may be a vented container holding desiccant material or a gas permeable housing impregnated with desiccant. The carrier may form part of the insulated glazing unit structure by providing a connector joining elongated members that define the gas space between the panes. The carrier may also be a structural part of muntins positioned within the gas space between the panes.

Abstract: Disclosed is an insulating glass assembly that limits the presence and transmission of volatile components into the airspace of an insulating glass assembly and includes a polymeric spacing structure including a first side wall, a second side wall, and a third wall at least substantially perpendicular to the first side wall and the second side wall, a first pane of glass bonded to the first side wall through a sealant composition, a second pane of glass bonded to the second side wall through a sealant composition, and a desiccant matrix composition disposed on the spacing structure, the desiccant matrix composition including adsorbent and polymer.

Abstract: The inventions relates to a composition adapted for use as a sealing strip in the manufacture of insulating structures. The composition includes an adhesion promoter compound of at least two components, a polymeric base material(s), and a cross linking agent(s). The invention further relates to an insulating structure including first and second panes with the sealing strip positioned therebetween.

Abstract: A pellicle membrane is mounted between an outer frame and an inner frame. At least one of the frames is attached to the reticle without using conventional adhesives. The pellicle and reticle may be used in a lithography system. The pellicle allows radiation to pass through the pellicle to the reticle and may prevent particles from passing through the pellicle.

Abstract: A metallized coating is applied to a first surface of a multi-layered window film, the coating applied by vacuum deposition to form a laminated film composite. A second surface of the multi-layered window film composite is adhesively attached to a first glass pane. A thin outer edge strip of the outermost layer of the film coated with the metallized layer is removed. A second glass pane is prepared in the same way. The two glass panes are adapted to be mounted in a frame with the first surface of the film coated with the metallized coating facing each other spaced apart with a spacer. A sealant fills a cavity between the two glass panes to form an insulated glass unit.

Abstract: The inventions relates to a composition adapted for use as a sealing strip in the manufacture of insulating structures. The composition includes an adhesion promoter compound of at least two components, a polymeric base material(s), and a cross linking agent(s). The invention further relates to an insulating structure including first and second panes with the sealing strip positioned therebetween.

Abstract: A glass panel comprising: a pair of glass sheets (1), (2) disposed in opposition to each other via a gap (V) therebetween, peripheral edges of the two glass sheets (1), (2) being bonded with low melting glass (4) for sealing the gap (V); wherein in a cross section substantially normal to faces of the two glass sheets, (1), (2), an adjacent face (4a) of the low melting glass (4) adjacent the gap (V) has a center portion thereof between the two glass sheets (1), (2) bulging toward the gap (V).

Abstract: A display window of a mobile phone, which prevents a deposited layer from being exposed and being oxidized/corroded, thereby improving not only the quality of the display window but also the reliability on the mobile phone provided with the display window. The display window has a deposited layer and a printed layer, which are formed in sequence on a transparent sheet, and a protective layer coated on outer edges of the deposited layer and printed layers, thereby preventing the deposited layer from being exposed.

Abstract: A coated article is provided with a low-emissivity (low-E) layer stack for use in a window unit or the like. The layer stack, or coating, may permit the coated article to achieve one or more of a low solar factor (SF) value, a high selectivity (Tvis/SF) value, substantially neutral color at normal and/or off-axis viewing angles, and/or low emissivity. When high selectivity values are achieved, there is provided a high ratio of visible transmission to SF, which is a desirable feature in certain example instances. In certain example embodiments, a sub-oxide layer (e.g., NiCrOx) may be used as a contact layer under an infrared (IR) reflecting layer in order to permit low SF values, high selectivity, and good coloration to be achieved.

Abstract: An improved mat is disclosed. Long and short legs support the mat and cause it to feel resilient although it is fabricated from hard rubber. The mat has drain holes on vertical surfaces. Ribs prevent the mat from embedding within grating. Grit is selectively placed upon the mat and physically supported. Adhesive for bonding the grit is retained by retention lips. Also disclosed is a process for creating drain holes on vertical surfaces of mats by attaching a grooving tool to a robot and programming the robot to cut through molded mat channels to create the desired drain holes. An additional process uses the robot to selectively place adhesive upon the mat. An adhesive dispenser is attached to the robot and the robot is appropriately programmed.

Abstract: Tubulation tubing of a display panel includes a flange at one end and a ring-shape adhesive member placed on a display panel to align a vent hole of the display with an opening of the tubulation tubing and the flange of the tubulation tubing is bonded to the display panel via the adhesive member.

Abstract: Sealant composition comprising at least one of a) a moisture curable, radiation curable polyurethane prepolymer or b) a blend comprising a moisture curable polyurethane prepolymer and a radiation curable prepolymer. Also disclosed are insulating glass assemblies that use such dual-cure sealant compositions.

Abstract: There are provided laminated bodies or laminated body-containing windows, which comprise isotropic aqueous solutions obtained by dissolving a water-soluble polysaccharide derivative having nonionic amphipathic functional groups in an aqueous medium composed of water and an amphipathic substance, laminated between plates that are at least partially transparent and allow direct vision of the isotropic aqueous solutions, wherein there are added to the isotropic aqueous solutions in appropriate amounts ultraviolet absorbers comprising nonionic or ionic benzophenone derivatives or benzotriazole derivatives which are highly weather resistant and uniformly dissolve in the isotropic aqueous solutions. The isotropic aqueous solutions are transparent and become opaque upon irradiation with light, and exhibit stable reversible change, in order to provide vastly improved weather resistance to the laminated bodies against exposure to sunlight rays over prolonged periods of time.

Abstract: An insulating glazing unit including at least two glass sheets separated by, e.g., a gas-filled cavity. An insert serves for spacing the at least two glass sheets apart and has an internal face facing the gas-filled cavity and an opposed external face, together with a mechanism for sealing the inside of the glazing unit. The insert is in the form of a substantially flat profiled strip that girds the perimeter of the glazing unit by its internal face being pressed against the edges of the at least two glass sheets and held fast by a fastening device.

Abstract: A glass panel (P) comprising a pair of glass plates (1A, 1B) opposed to each other, spacers (2) disposed between the pair of glass plates for maintaining a gap therebetween, and a sealing member (3) having a lower melting point than the glass plates (1) for sealing the pair of glass plates (1A, 1B) at outer peripheries (9) thereof to form a decompression void (V) between the pair of glass plates (1A, 1B), wherein a compressive force Fc is allowed to remain at outer surfaces of the outer peripheries (9) of the glass plates (1), with the decompression void (V) being in atmospheric pressure condition.

Abstract: A glass panel comprising a pair of glass sheets (1, 2) disposed with respective faces thereof confronting each other in face-to-face relationship with a gap (V) therebetween and with peripheral edges of the glass sheets (1, 2) being bonded with a bonding sealant (4) to be sealed thereby; an evacuating port (5) for evacuating gas present within said gap (V) to the outside; and a getter (7) for coming into contact with the gas within said gap (V), wherein said evacuating port (5) includes a getter-retaining space (6) for retaining said getter (7) therein, said port (5) being formed in one (1) of said pair of glass sheets (1, 2), said getter (7) being retained within said getter-retaining space (6), said evacuating port (5) being closed and sealed by means of a lid (8).

Abstract: An article having a sealed layered edge, e.g. an automotive laminate and a multiple glazed unit includes a pair of glass sheet in a fixed relationship with one another. A sputtered coating is deposited on a major surface of one of the sheets and includes at least one combination of a metal film, e.g. a silver film and a dielectric film. Discontinuities in the metal film at the marginal edges of the coated sheet provide voids in the metal film to impede or stop corrosion of the metal film. The discontinuities include (1) break lines or segments in the coating, (2) coating thickness variations provided by abrading the coating and (3) spaced discrete coating areas on the marginal edges of the coated sheet. The discontinuities may be made in the metal film using a laser, an abrasive surface, a coating mask and/or coating deletion techniques.

Abstract: A coated article is provided that may be heat treated in certain example embodiments. A coating of the coated article includes a tin oxide inclusive layer, a silicon nitride inclusive layer and/or a zinc oxide inclusive layer located under an infrared (IR) reflecting layer of a material such as silver. It has been found that this may result in improved thermal stability upon heat treatment, higher visible transmission, desirable coloration, lower sheet resistance (Rs), and/or lower emissivity in certain example embodiments of this invention. In certain embodiments, a zinc oxide inclusive layer may be provided above a contact layer over the IR reflecting layer, again for improving thermal stability, coloration, sheet resistance and/or visible transmission.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for assembling muntin bar lattices and spacer frames for use in insulating glass units are disclosed. One method of assembling a muntin bar lattice in accordance with the present invention comprises the steps of providing a muntin bar segment and a keeper dimensioned for piercing a wall of the muntin bar segment. A keeper in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention comprises an elongate body including a tip portion that is dimensioned for piercing a wall of the muntin bar segment to create an opening therein. A spacer for the separation of panes in an insulating glass unit in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include a tubular member comprising a wall defining a lumen and a mounting flange defining a plurality of mounting holes.

Abstract: A glass panel comprising a pair of glass plates opposed to each other with a void defined therebetween, a joining seal member for joining and sealing the glass plates at peripheries thereof, a communicating bore formed in one of the glass plates for communicating with the void and a lid member adhered to the bored glass plate having the communicating bore by a thermally meltable seal member to seal the communicating bore. The lid member is made of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient smaller than a thermal expansion coefficient of the bored glass plate. The glass panel is capable of restraining cracks and breaks from generating in the bored glass plate when the lid member is adhered to the bored glass plate by the thermally meltable seal member.

Abstract: An insulated glass (IG) assembly for windows which includes an internal lighting system is disclosed. The IG assembly includes two or more panes of glass, a spacer and a strip of light emitting diodes (LEDs). The spacer separates glass panes and provides the hermetic seal for the IG assembly. The spacer extends around the periphery of the glass panes with a portion of its ends overlapping to form a sealed corner joint. The LED light strip includes a plurality of LED lamps connected in series by thin electrical contact wires fixed in a flexible nonconductive substrate. The LED strip is fixed to the spacer and extends around the periphery of the insulated glass unit. The lead wires from the LED light strip pass through the corner joint between the overlapped ends of the spacer. The LED light systems provide dependable illumination but emit relatively little thermal energy. Consequently, the LED light system maintains the thermal insulating properties of an insulated glass unit.

Abstract: Tubulation tubing of a display panel includes a flange at one end and a ring-shape adhesive member placed on a display panel to align a vent hole of the display with an opening of the tubulation tubing and the flange of the tubulation tubing is bonded to the display panel via the adhesive member.

Abstract: Spacer profiles (1) for double glazing units (20) may include a deformable profile body having first and second side walls (3) extending from a base wall (2). First and second connecting segments (5) respectively connect the first and second side walls (3) to an upper wall (4) and respectively define inwardly projecting grooves (9). A hollow chamber (7) may include a first space (11) disposed adjacent to the base wall (2), which first space (11) has a greater width than a second space (10) disposed adjacent to the upper wall (4). Further, the profile body preferably has a heat conductivity of less than about 0.3 W/(m·K). A reinforcement layer (6) may be permanently coupled to at least the upper wall (4), the first and second connecting segments (5), and the first and second side walls (3), and preferably has a heat conductivity of less than about 50 W/(m·K).

Abstract: A lid includes a frame, a window which is transmissive to radiation and has a peripheral edge sealingly coupled to the frame, and thermal insulating structure which thermally insulates the peripheral edge of the window. In one embodiment, the thermal insulating structure includes a ring which is made of a thermal insulating material, and extends around the window. In a different embodiment, the thermal insulating structure includes an annular gap between the window and frame, the gap extending around the window. The lid may be part of a housing with a sealed chamber therein, where the window facilitates travel of radiation between the chamber and a location external to the housing.

Abstract: The light-transmitting glass panel 1 is comprised of a pair of glass plates 11 and 12 that are hermetically joined together with one surface of each thereof facing one another, the joining being via a sealing frame 13 that is provided at an outer peripheral portion of the glass plates 11 and 12 and fluidizes at low temperature, and the glass plates 11 and 12 having a hollow layer 14 formed therebetween, and pillars 15 that are substantially cylindrical spacers that are inserted into the hollow layer 14 as atmospheric pressure supporting members and determine the gap between the glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12. The pillars 15 are arranged in the hollow layer 14 in a matrix shape with a predetermined spacing, and taking the surface residual compressive stress of the glass plates 11 and 12 in MPa to be S, and the thickness of the glass plates 11 and 12 in mm to be d, the average spacing D in mm of the pillars 15 arranged in the hollow layer 14 satisfies the relationship D?5.2d+5.5+(0.8d+0.08)·?S.