Abstract: Methods and apparatus for coating particulate material are provided. The apparatus includes a vessel having a top and a bottom, a vertically extending conduit having an inlet in the vessel and an outlet outside of the vessel, a first fluid inlet in the bottom of the vessel for introducing a transfer fluid, a second fluid inlet in the bottom of the vessel for introducing a coating fluid, and a fluid outlet from the vessel. The method includes steps of agitating a material, contacting the material with a coating material, and drying the coating material to produce a coated material. The invention may be adapted to coat aerogel beads, among other materials. A coated aerogel bead and an aerogel-based insulation material are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are conductive polymer inks and methods for forming the inks. The disclosed inks include a dispersion of conductive core/shell nanoparticles. The core/shell nanoparticles include a polymeric core and a shell formed of a conducting polymer. The inks can include a dispersion of the core/shell nanoparticles in a liquid carrier, such as an alcohol. The disclosed inks can be formulated to high viscosities and can be utilized in high-speed printing processes including rotogravure and flexographic printing processes. Products encompassed by the disclosure include polymer devices such as sensors, OFETs, RFID tags, printed circuit board, electrochromic devices, non-volatile memory devices, photovoltaics, and the like.

Abstract: Water-dispersible nanoparticles are prepared by applying a coating of a multiply amphipathic dispersant to the surface of a hydrophobic nanoparticle comprised of a semiconductive or metallic material. The multiply amphipathic dispersant has two or more hydrophobic regions and two or more hydrophilic regions, and is typically polymeric. Preferred polymeric dispersants are comprised of (1) a hydrophobic backbone with hydrophilic branches, (2) a hydrophilic backbone with hydrophobic branches, or (3) a backbone that may be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic, and substituted with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic branches. Monodisperse populations of water-dispersible nanoparticles are also provided, as are conjugates of the water-dispersible nanoparticles with affinity molecules such as peptides, oligonucleotides, and the like.

Abstract: Stable nanoparticles comprising poorly soluble drugs are disclosed, as well as methods of making and methods of using such nanoparticles, e.g., as therapeutics and diagnostics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to composites comprising inorganic micro pigments and/or fillers in the form of surface-phosphated microparticles, whose surface is at least partially coated with finely divided with alkaline earth carbonate nanoparticles by means of binders based on copolymers comprising as the monomers one or more dicarboxylic acids and one or more monomers from the group of diamines, triamines, dialkanolamines or trialkanolamines and epichlorohydrin, a method for producing such composites, aqueous slurries thereof and the use thereof in papermaking or in the field of production of paints and plastics as well as the use of the binders for the coating of microparticles with nano alkaline earth carbonate.

Abstract: The present invention provides colored resin particles having excellent adhesiveness, a method for producing the same, and use thereof. Each of the colored resin particles is surface-coated with a polymer derived from a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound, and has an irregular shape with a circular appearance when viewed from a direction in which a projected area thereof becomes maximum, and with a non-circular appearance when viewed from a direction in which the projected area thereof becomes minimum.

Abstract: Disclosed are paper coating latex, a method for preparing the same, and paper coating composition containing the same, characterized in that in the paper coating latex having a core-shell structure, the core is formed by the polymerization of monomer mixtures comprising 5 to 10 weight parts of ethylene unsaturated acid based on 100 weight parts of the core, wherein the amount of ethylene unsaturated acid in the shell is less than that in the core, and the shell has glass transition temperature up to room temperature, lower than that of the core. The present invention has an effect of providing a high quality matte coated paper that has excellent printability such as ink drying rate, adhesion, etc., as well as low white paper gloss and improved print gloss by coating paper coating composition containing multi-layered paper coating latex having high swelling and contraction property on paper.

Abstract: A composition for the fabrication of reflective features using a direct-write tool is disclosed. The composition comprises metal nanoparticles having an average particle size less than 300 nm and which carry thereon a polymer for substantially preventing agglomeration of the nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles exhibit a metal-polymer weight ratio of 100:1 to 10:1. The composition further includes a vehicle for forming a dispersion with the metal nanoparticles. A number of electronic devices comprising a reflective layer formed from the composition are also disclosed. One example case provides an electronic device having a reflective electrode. The reflective electrode comprises a percolation network of the metal nanoparticles embedded in a matrix of the polymer and having an average particle size of less than 300 nm, wherein the reflective electrode is reflective in the visible light range and does not diffract incident light.

Abstract: There is provided a method of preparing nanoparticles and novel nanoparticles. The nanoparticle preparation comprises the generation of a mixture comprising a plurality of metal-containing compounds and a copolymer of a polyethylene glycol and an amine-containing polyamino acid such as polylysine where a metal core and polymer shell nanoparticle is formed. The novel nanoparticles have a metallic core and a graft copolymer shell of polyethylene glycol and an amine-containing polyamino acid where the shell least partially surrounds the metallic core and is non-ionically bound to the metallic core via metal-amine bonds.

Abstract: A molding material of the present invention includes a polymer having a repeating structural unit whose part or whole contains an alicyclic structure, a phenolic stabilizer, a hindered amine light stabilizer and a phosphorus stabilizer, in which at least a part of the phenolic stabilizer and/or hindered amine light stabilizer is presently adhering to the surface of particles of the above polymer.

Abstract: The present invention is core-shell polymer particles comprising a common binder polymer for the core and the shell wherein the core has a porosity and the shell is non-porous The particles have a porosity from 10 to 70 percent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a diagnostic gel composition for use as a diagnostic element in diagnostic devices. The diagnostic gel composition is derived from a compound having a formula D-Sp-Po wherein D is a diagnostic group; Sp is a hydrophilic spacer group; and Po is a polymerizable group. The diagnostic gel composition of the invention has dimensions ranging from about 250 nanometers to about 1000 micrometers, and a Young's modulus ranging from about 10 kilopascals to about 200 kilopascals. The invention also provides method for making the diagnostic gel composition. The method comprises providing a composition comprising a porogen, an initiator and a compound having a formula D-Sp-Po; polymerizing the composition to form a polymerized composition; and washing the polymerized composition to form the diagnostic gel composition.

Abstract: The invention provides a multilayer coating film-forming method that allows formation of a multilayer coating film with excellent smoothness, sharpness and water resistance, and which avoids or minimizes pinhole popping. The multilayer coating film-forming method of the invention has the following construction. A multilayer coating film-forming method comprising the following steps (1) to (4): step (1): coating an article to be coated with an aqueous first pigmented coating composition (X), step (2): coating the article to be coated, with an aqueous second pigmented coating composition (Y), step (3): coating the article to be coated, with a clear coating composition (Z), and step (4): heating an uncured first pigmented coating film, uncured second pigmented coating film and uncured clear coating film to cure them, wherein the aqueous first pigmented coating composition (X) contains a blocked polyisocyanate compound with a specific blocked isocyanate group.

Abstract: A quantum dot including a fluorine-containing ligand attached to a surface thereof and having a coating comprising a fluoropolymer over at least a portion of the outer surface of the quantum dot. A method for preparing a quantum dot with a coating comprising a fluoropolymer over at least a portion of the outer surface of the quantum dot is also disclosed. The method comprises contacting a quantum dot having a fluorine-containing ligand attached to a surface thereof with a fluoropolymer to coat the fluoropolymer over at least a portion of the outer surface of the quantum dot. A device including the quantum dot taught herein is further disclosed. An emissive material including the quantum dot taught herein is further disclosed.

Abstract: An optical synthetic resin composed of: a synthetic resin; and fine particles dispersed in the synthetic resin at a ratio of 0.1 vol % or more to 50 vol % or less, each having a maximum length of 1 nm or more to 30 nm or less, in which part of surfaces of the fine particles are modified with functional groups which themselves repel each other, and a distance between two arbitrary adjacent fine particles among the fine particles is in a range of 0.1 nm or more to 500 nm or less. The two arbitrary adjacent fine particles attract each other with an intermolecular force, thereby making it possible to provide an optical composite deviating from an additivity range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to separation of biomolecules. More closely, the invention relates to a method for production of a separation medium comprising hybrid particles of inorganic and organic material as well as the hybrid particles produced by this method. Finally, the invention relates to use of the hybrid particles for separation of biomolecules, preferably phosphoproteins. The method comprises the following steps: addition of inorganic metal oxide particles to an organic solution to form a mixture; and emulsification of the mixture to form porous hybrid particles, wherein the density of the porous hybrid particles is between 1.0 and 1.5 g/ml, and wherein the inorganic particles have a shape and size that maximizes their active surface area enabling the inorganic particles to interact with biomolecules.

Abstract: Solar-reflective roofing granules having deep-tone colors are formed by coating base mineral particles with a coating composition including an infrared-reflective pigment. Color is provided by a colored infrared pigment, a light-interference platelet pigment, or a metal oxide.

Abstract: A thermoplastic polycarbonate resin composition which can have excellent light stability and flame retardancy includes about 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate base resin (A); about 0.1 to about 5 parts by weight of a polyorganosiloxane-containing graft copolymer (B); about 5 to about 50 parts by weight of titanium dioxide (C); and about 0.1 to about 5 parts by weight of a fluorinated polyolefin-based resin (D). The thermoplastic polycarbonate resin composition may further include about 5 to about 50 parts by weight of a filler (E).

Abstract: Disclosed are core-shell resin particles (C2) each comprising one or more film-like shell layers (P) comprising a resin (a) which is a polyurethane resin and a core layer (Q) comprising a resin (b). A core-shell resin particle (C2) is characterized in that the weight ratio between (P) and (Q) is from 0.1:99.9 to 70:30, the volatile content in the resin particle (C2) is not more than 2 weight %, and the content of vinyl resins in the resin (b) is not more than 30 weight %. Such resin particles have a uniform particle diameter and are excellent in electrostatic properties, thermal and storage stability and thermal characteristics.

Abstract: A process for conversion of conventional sand granules (or other particulates) to a ‘core-shell’ adsorbent granules in which GO (or GO-f) coating imparts nano structural features on the surface of the sand granules (or other particulates). Such materials are useful in a variety of engineering applications such as water purification, catalysis, capacitors, proppants, casting, and magnetic shielding.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a conductive paste in which fine metal particles are dispersed into a chemical adsorption liquid produced from a mixture of at least an alkoxysilane compound, a silanol condensation catalyst, and a nonaqueous organic solvent to form an organic thin film comprising molecules covalently bound to the surface of the fine metal particle by having the surface of the fine metal particle react with the alkoxysilane compound, so that fine metal particles that are given a reactive function to the surface are produced while almost maintaining the original conductivity of the fine metal particles, and further the particles are pasted with an organic solvent.

Abstract: This clear-coated stainless steel sheet includes: a stainless steel sheet; and a clear-coated film coated on either one or both of two main surfaces of the stainless steel sheet, wherein the clear-coated film contains a thermosetting resin composition (A) and resin beads (B) at a content in a range of 0.5 parts by mass to 4.0 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of a solid content of the thermosetting resin composition (A), the thermosetting resin composition (A) includes an acrylic resin (A1) and a cross-linked curing resin (A2) composed of a blocked isocyanate resin and an amino resin which cross-link and cure the acrylic resin (A1), the acrylic resin (A1) includes one or more cross-linking functional groups selected from a hydroxyl group, a carboxylic group, and an alkoxy silane group, and the acrylic resin (A1) has a glass transition temperature of 30° C. to 90° C., and has a number average molecular weight of 3000 to 50000.

Abstract: The invention provides a treated powder having improved loose bulk density comprising a silanized inorganic powder treated with a long chain fatty acid or salts thereof, wherein the amount of the long chain fatty acid is about 0.25% to about 2 wt %, based on the total weight of the treated powder.

Abstract: A methacrylic resin, including 80 to 99.5% by mass of a methacrylic acid ester monomer unit, and 0.5 to 20% by mass of other vinyl monomer unit which is copolymerizable with at least one of the methacrylic acid ester, wherein the methacrylic resin satisfies the following conditions (I) to (III): (I) having a weight average molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of 60,000 to 300,000; (II) having a content of a molecular weight component 1/5 or less the peak molecular weight (Mp) obtained from a GPC elution curve, said content being 7 to 40% based on a region area ratio obtained from the GPC elution curve; and (III) having an angle of repose of 20 to 40°.

Abstract: Aqueous slurries of finely divided fillers which are at least partly covered by anionic latices, the slurries being obtainable by treating aqueous slurries of finely divided fillers with at least one anionic latex with a glass transition temperature of ?5 to ?50° C., preparation of the aqueous slurries and their use as an additive to the paper stock in the production of filler-containing paper, filler-containing cardboard or filler-containing board by draining the paper stock.

Abstract: A method of modifying a thermoplastic polymer powder. A suspension of thermoplastic polymer powder and reinforcement elements in a liquid is heated within a reaction chamber so that the thermoplastic polymer powder becomes softened and the reinforcement elements migrate into the softened thermoplastic polymer powder to form modified thermoplastic polymer powder. The modified thermoplastic polymer powder is then separated from the liquid. The reinforcement elements have an electromagnetic moment and are subjected to an electromagnetic field as the suspension is heated. The interaction of the electromagnetic field with the electromagnetic moment of the reinforcement elements causes the reinforcement elements to become aligned with the electromagnetic field before they migrate into the powder.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for producing modified composite particles by A) mixing one or more finely divided inorganic solids and one or more organic polymers in a solvent or a mixture of several solvents, wherein finely divided inorganic solids are fixed to organic polymers and composite particles are thus formed. The organic polymers are based on a) one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers having one or more additional functional groups selected from the group comprising carboxylic acid groups or derivatives thereof, silane groups, sulfonic acid groups, sulfate groups, phosphate groups, phosphonate groups, isocyanate groups, amine groups, quaternized amine groups, hydrazine groups, epoxy groups, ether groups, hydroxy groups, or CO groups, and b) one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are different from monomers a), characterized in that subsequently B) one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers are polymerized in the presence of the composite particles from step A).

Abstract: The present invention relates to additives for use in lubricant compositions to processes for producing the additives, and to the use of the additives in lubricants and in systems that are lubricated. More specifically, the additive includes a capped particle comprising: (i) one or more inorganic core particles; and (ii) one or more multi-block copolymers attached to the inorganic particles. The multi-block copolymer includes at least one nonpolar polymer block interposed between two polar polymer blocks. One polar polymer block is attached to the core particle, and at least a portion of the another polar polymer block is not directly attached to the core particle. When used in a lubricant to lubricate a metallic surface of a workpiece, the capped particle preferably adheres to the metallic surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: A conductive fine particle, which is used for conductive connection between fine electrodes and tends not to give rise to a crack in the solder layer or disconnection caused by breakage in the connection interface between an electrode and the conductive fine particle even with a drop impact and the like, and tends not to have fatigue even after repetitive heating and cooling; an anisotropic conductive material obtained by using the conductive fine particle; and a conductive connection structure.

Abstract: The invention is related to a technique that grafts polymer onto a surface of nano-diamonds, and the invention further provides applications relating to modification and dispersion of the nano-diamonds. The features of the technique are single step, one pot, low cost, and high yield, and therefore the technique has high potential for commercialization. The invention also provides a method for graphitizing monocrystalline nano-diamonds and polycrystalline nano-diamonds. Accordingly, the technique of modifying and polymer grafting can be used not only on ultra disperse diamonds but also on monocrystalline nano-diamonds with graphitized surfaces and polycrystalline nano-diamonds with graphitized surfaces.

Abstract: The description is directed to ionizable lipids useful for enhancing the delivery of therapeutic agents in liposomes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resin blend for a melting process, to a method for manufacturing a resin molding using same, and to a resin molding obtained thereby, the resin blend comprising a first resin and a second resin, wherein the second resin includes a polymer resin having at least one organic functional group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alicyclic ring having 5 to 40 carbon atoms and an aromatic ring having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and has, with the first resin, a melt viscosity difference of 0.1 to 3,000 Pa*s at a shear rate of 100 to 1,000 s?1 and a processing temperature of the resin mixture, and a glass transition temperature (Tg) difference of 10° C. to 150° C. The resin blend allows a resin molding to have enhanced mechanical properties and surface features, and exhibits the effects of reducing a processing time, and reducing production costs by eliminating an additional surface coating step.

Abstract: Provided is a resin blend including a first resin and a second resin, the second resin having a hydrophobic functional group in a side chain and having a surface energy difference of 0.1 to 20 mN/m from the first resin at 25° C., the resin blend being capable of forming a layer separation structure. Also, provided are a pellet, a method for preparing the same, and a resin molding articlemolding article having a specific layer separation structure. The resin blend may not only improve mechanical properties and surface hardness of the molding articlemolding article but also shorten process time, increase productivity and reduce production cost by omitting an additional surface coating step.

Abstract: Nano-constructs comprising nanoshells and methods of using the nano-constructs for treating or ameliorating a medical condition are provided.

Abstract: Provided are a polybutylene terephthalate resin composition which is excellent in mold releasability and which can suppress deterioration in molding stability and aggregation of the polybutylene terephthalate resin composition due to blooming of a mold release agent; and a pellet thereof. The polybutylene terephthalate resin composition contains 0.01 to 5.0 parts by mass of (B) a saturated fatty acid ester of a polyglycerol represented by formula (I) described below with respect to 100 parts by mass of (A) a polybutylene terephthalate resin. In formula (I), R1s each may be the same or different and are C19-30 saturated aliphatic acyl groups, and n is an integer from 1 to 10.

Abstract: An encapsulated particle includes a core particle, a polyurethane layer, and a wax. The polyurethane layer is disposed about the core particle and the wax is disposed about the polyurethane layer. The polyurethane layer includes the reaction product of an isocyanate and a polyol component. The polyol component includes a catalytic polyol derived from an aromatic amine-based initiator and a polyether polyol that is different from the catalytic polyol in a weight ratio of from about 1:2 to about 10:1. A method of encapsulating the core particle includes the steps of providing the core particle, the isocyanate, the polyol component, and the wax. The method also includes the steps of mixing and reacting the isocyanate and the polyol component to form a polyurethane, encapsulating the core particle with the polyurethane layer which comprises the polyurethane, and encapsulating the polyurethane layer with the wax.

Abstract: A composite particle for electrode as an active material capable of forming an electrochemical device with excellent discharge capacities and rate characteristics is provided. A composite particle for electrode according to the present invention comprises a particulate core including at least one mother particle containing an electrode active material, and an electron-conducting layer which covers at least part of the surface of the particulate core, the electron-conducting layer including carbon and microparticles containing an electrode active material, and the microparticles having a particle size of 300 nm or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resin blend for a melting process, to a method for preparing same, and to a resin-molded article having a specific layer separation structure, the resin blend comprising a first resin and a second resin, wherein the second resin comprises a polymer resin having an organic functional group containing one or more oxygen atoms, and has a melt viscosity difference of 0.1 to 3,000 pa*s with respect to the first resin at a shear rate of 100 to 1,000 s?1 and a processing temperature of the resin blend. The resin blend allows a resin-molded article to have enhanced mechanical properties and surface hardness, and exhibits the effects of reducing a processing time, increasing productivity and reducing production cost by eliminating an additional surface coating step.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical film comprising a substrate having a first optical surface and a second surface and a micro structure layer on the first optical surface of the substrate, wherein the micro structure layer comprises a plurality of first light-adjusting structures selected from the group consisting of prism columnar structures, conical columnar structures, solid angle structures and orange-segment like structures and a combination thereof and a plurality of second light-adjusting structures selected from the group consisting of arc columnar structures, lens-like structures, and capsule-like structures and a combination thereof, wherein at least a portion of the second light-adjusting structures has a height greater than those of all the first light-adjusting structures. The optical film of the present invention will not suffer the damage caused on the microstructure layers while achieving a light-gathering effect and effectively reducing optical interference.

Abstract: Provided are a coated metal pigment which can satisfy both the coating stability in use as an aqueous coating, i.e., water resistance, and the chemical resistance of coating films produced by application thereof at practically satisfactory levels; a method for producing the same; and an aqueous coating containing the same. The invention relates to a coated metal pigment including a metal pigment and a composite coating layer, wherein the composite coating layer includes an adhesion layer which is disposed on the surface of the metal pigment either in contact with the metal pigment or at an interposition of another layer and contains polysiloxane and/or silica, and a resin layer which is disposed on the surface of the adhesion layer either in contact with the adhesion layer or at an interposition of another layer.

Abstract: Methods for the preparation of polymer-templated core-shell nanoparticles include the steps of (a) preparing a cationic polymeric core material comprising polymeric micelles, and (b) coating the core material with a silica-comprising shell by depositing the shell onto the polymeric micelles from at least one silica precursor to form the core-shell nanoparticles. Compositions which include the core-shell nanoparticles are adapted to facilitate controlled delivery of at least one active agent into a system in response to controlled changes in the pH of the system.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition and an optical sheet comprising a cured resin layer formed therefrom. The polymerizable composition has a high refractive index and excellent light resistance and is thus useful for an optical sheet assembly for a backlight unit.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of producing composite polymers by combining fillers with polymers in the presence of pre-formed high molecular weight polymer. Monomer polymerization can be initiated through the addition of initiators or by reactive chemical groups on the surface of the fibers. The composite materials formed possess superior mechanical properties compared to similar polymer composites made by either purely mechanical mixing or solely polymerization of monomers in the presence of the fillers.

Abstract: A polymer-coated particulate material having: a particulate substrate; and an applied compound, wherein the applied compound coats at least 50% of the surface of the particulate substrate, and wherein, at the time of application, the applied compound includes a dispersion including: a thermoplastic polymer; and a stabilizing compound. In another aspect, embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method of forming a polymer-coated particulate material, the method including the steps of: incorporating a particulate substrate and a dispersion, the dispersion comprising: a thermoplastic polymer; a stabilizing compound; and a dispersion medium selected from the group consisting of an organic solvent, water, and combinations thereof; removing at least a portion of the dispersion medium.

Abstract: Microspheres, populations of microspheres, and methods for forming microspheres are provided. One microsphere configured to exhibit fluorescent and magnetic properties includes a core microsphere and a magnetic material coupled to a surface of the core microsphere. About 50% or less of the surface of the core microsphere is covered by the magnetic material. The microsphere also includes a polymer layer surrounding the magnetic material and the core microsphere. One population of microspheres configured to exhibit fluorescent and magnetic properties includes two or more subsets of microspheres. The two or more subsets of microspheres are configured to exhibit different fluorescent and/or magnetic properties. Individual microspheres in the two or more subsets are configured as described above.

Abstract: The present invention relates to superabsorbent polymer particles with improved surface cross-linking and improved hydrophilicity and their use in absorbent articles. Superabsorbent polymer particles of the invention consist of cross-linked poly(meth)acrylic acid and salts thereof. The polymer chains comprised by the superabsorbent polymer particles are cross-linked to each other through direct covalent bonds and comprise alcoholic hydroxyl groups. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for surface cross-linking superabsorbent polymer particles using vacuum UV irradiation.

Abstract: A method of delivering a therapeutic substance to tissue comprises delivering the therapeutic substance and nanoparticles to the tissue, the nanoparticles having a diameter in the range from 10 to 1000 nm and surface features having a depth in the range from 5 to 50 nm, and insonating the tissue with pressure waves. Corresponding particles, and associated methods of controlling and imaging the treatment and delivery are also disclosed.

Abstract: Finely distributed copolymer waxes, which are in particular suitable as additives for lacquers, produced by a) reacting long-chained olefin hydrocarbons with chain lengths being greater than or equal to 28 C-atoms with unsaturated polycarboxylic acids or the anhydrides thereof in the presence of at least one radical initiator and b) subsequent micronization by milling or spraying, characterized in that the particles of the milled or sprayed copolymer waxes are less than 50 ?m, preferably less than 40 ?m, particularly preferably less than 30 ?m 98 to 99 are preferred, 5% of the particles, in particular 99.5 to 100% of the particles less than 50 ?m, preferably less than 40 ?m, particularly preferably less than 30 ?m.

Abstract: Ligand compositions for use in preparing discrete coated nanostructures are provided, as well as the coated nanostructures themselves and devices incorporating same. Methods for post-deposition shell formation on a nanostructure, for reversibly modifying nanostructures, and for manipulating the electronic properties of nanostructures are also provided. The ligands and coated nanostructures of the present invention are particularly useful for close packed nanostructure compositions, which can have improved quantum confinement and/or reduced cross-talk between nanostructures. Ligands of the present invention are also useful for manipulating the electronic properties of nanostructure compositions (e.g., by modulating energy levels, creating internal bias fields, reducing charge transfer or leakage, etc.).

Abstract: Resol beads are disclosed that are prepared in high yield by reaction of a phenol with an aldehyde, with a base as catalyst, a colloidal stabilizer, and optionally a surfactant. The resol beads have a variety of uses, and may be thermally treated and carbonized to obtain activated carbon beads.