Abstract: The present disclosure provides an improvement to razor blade coating by a physical vapor deposition method, by forming a hard coating layer as a thin coating layer in which chromium boride, which is a nanocrystalline structure having high hardness, is dispersed in an amorphous mixture of chromium and boron, thereby improving the strength and hardness of the thin coating layer and securing the bonding force by chromium in the amorphous mixture between the hard coating layer and a blade substrate on which an edge of the razor blade is formed.

Abstract: A high-performance optical absorber, having a texturized base layer, the base layer comprising one or more of a polymer film and a polymer coating; and a surface layer located above and immediately adjacent to the base layer. The surface layer is joined to the base layer and the surface layer has a plasma-functionalized, non-woven carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet, wherein the base layer texturization comprises one or more of substantially rectangular ridges, substantially triangular ridges, substantially pyramidal ridges, and truncated, substantially pyramidal ridges.

Abstract: A panel bottom sheet includes: a first heat dissipation layer; a second heat dissipation layer having circumferential side surfaces located further inside than circumferential side surfaces of the first heat dissipation layer in a plan view, the second heat dissipation layer including: a main heat dissipation pattern including a first opening formed completely through the second heat dissipation layer in a thickness direction; and a heat dissipation substrate disposed directly on the second heat dissipation layer.

Abstract: The modified graphene includes a structure represented by the following formula (I), wherein the modified graphene has a ratio (g/d) of an intensity “g” of a G band to an intensity “d” of a D band of 1.0 or more in a Raman spectroscopy spectrum thereof: Gr1-Ar1-X1-(Y1)n1??(I) in the formula (I), Gr1 represents a single-layer graphene or a multilayer graphene, Ar1 represents an arylene group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, X1 represents a single bond, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by substituting at least one carbon atom in a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms with at least one structure selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NH—, —CO—, —COO—, —CONH—, and an arylene group.

Abstract: A method for densifying porous annular substrates by chemical vapor infiltration, includes providing a plurality of unit modules including a support tray on which substrates are stacked, the support tray including a gas intake opening extended by an injection tube disposed in an internal volume formed by the central passages of the stacked substrates, the injection tube including gas injection orifices opening into the internal volume, forming stacks of unit modules in the enclosure of a densification furnace and injecting, into the stacks of unit modules, a gas phase including a gas precursor of a matrix material to be deposited within the porosity of the substrates.

Abstract: The disclosed methods and apparatus improve the fabrication of solid fibers and microstructures. In many embodiments, the fabrication is from gaseous, solid, semi-solid, liquid, critical, and supercritical mixtures using one or more low molar mass precursor(s), in combination with one or more high molar mass precursor(s). The methods and systems generally employ the thermal diffusion/Soret effect to concentrate the low molar mass precursor at a reaction zone, where the presence of the high molar mass precursor contributes to this concentration, and may also contribute to the reaction and insulate the reaction zone, thereby achieving higher fiber growth rates and/or reduced energy/heat expenditures together with reduced homogeneous nucleation. In some embodiments, the invention also relates to the permanent or semi-permanent recording and/or reading of information on or within fabricated fibers and microstructures.

Abstract: The present application discloses a semiconductor device and a method for fabricating the semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes a substrate, a first pad positioned above the substrate, and a first redistribution structure including a first redistribution conductive layer positioned on the first pad and a first redistribution thermal release layer positioned on the first redistribution conductive layer. The first redistribution thermal release layer is configured to sustain a thermal resistance between about 0.04° C. cm2/Watt and about 0.25° C. cm2/Watt.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a plurality of single crystal CVD diamonds. The method includes mounting a plurality of single crystal diamond substrates on a first carrier substrate. The plurality of single crystal diamond substrates is subjected to a first CVD diamond growth process to form a plurality of single crystal CVD diamonds on the plurality of single crystal diamond substrates. The plurality of single crystal CVD diamonds are mounted in a recessed carrier substrate and subjected to a second CVD diamond growth process.

Abstract: Woven preforms, for example those used for jet aircraft engine fancases, may need additional stiffeners to improve the strength and/or dynamic performance of the preform assembly, as well as to serve as attachment points. The present invention describes several improved woven preforms that include circumferential or axial stiffeners, as well as methods of manufacturing the same. One embodiment includes circumferential stiffeners added to a woven preform. Another embodiment includes sub-preforms with integral flanges that combine to make integral stiffeners. A further embodiment includes an intermediate stiffener wrapped onto a base sub-preform wrap, wherein the intermediate stiffener wrap incorporates intermediate stiffeners. Another embodiment incorporates bifurcations in one or more layers of an outermost wrap of a multi-layer fabric composite that forms a preform, wherein the bifurcated outer wrap is folded to form stiffeners that may be oriented circumferentially or axially.

Abstract: A nanofiber structure applicator is described that can remove two substrates from opposing major surfaces of a nanofiber structure. The two substrates can have differing adhesive strengths with the nanofiber forest. This difference in adhesive strength can be used to reorient nanofibers that form the nanofiber structure relative to the final surface on which they are applied. This reorienting of the individual nanofibers within a nanofiber structure can be used to tailor some of the properties of the nanofiber structure. Furthermore, the nanofiber structure applicator is configured can improve the convenience with which a nanofiber structure can be transported and applied to an application surface.

Abstract: A device comprising: a substrate; a first coating deposited on the substrate; an intermediate coating deposited on the first coating, wherein the first coating is interposed between the substrate and the intermediate coating; and a second coating deposited on the intermediate coating, wherein the intermediate coating is interposed between the first coating and the second coating, and the second coating is outermost and black. The substrate, the first coating, the intermediate coating and the second coating define at least one of a jewelry item and a component of a jewelry item.

Abstract: Embodiments herein provide methods of depositing an amorphous carbon layer using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process and hard masks formed therefrom. In one embodiment, a method of processing a substrate includes positioning a substrate on a substrate support, the substrate support disposed in a processing volume of a processing chamber, flowing a processing gas comprising a hydrocarbon gas and a diluent gas into the processing volume, maintaining the processing volume at a processing pressure less than about 100 mTorr, igniting and maintaining a deposition plasma of the processing gas by applying a first power to one of one or more power electrodes of the processing chamber, maintaining the substrate support at a processing temperature less than about 350° C., exposing a surface of the substrate to the deposition plasma, and depositing an amorphous carbon layer on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a thin-film carbon foam and a method of manufacture the same. It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a stack carbon foam having fewer through holes and a method of manufacturing the same. The carbon foam of the present disclosure is, for example, a stack carbon foam being a stack of at least two monolayer carbon foams stacked one another, each monolayer carbon foam comprising linear portions and node portions joining the linear portions, or a carbon foam comprising linear portions and node portions joining the linear portions, wherein the ratio of the number of large through holes having a diameter of 1 mm or more to the surface area of the carbon foam is 0.0003/mm2 or less.

Abstract: An adhesive layer of seed crystal includes a graphitized adhesive layer, wherein the graphitized adhesive layer is prepared by heat-treating a pre-carbonized adhesive layer, and wherein the adhesive layer has Vr value of 28%/mm3 or more, and the Vr value is represented by Equation 1 below: Vr ? = { Sq ( V ? 1 - V ? 2 ) } × 1 ? 0 3 [ Equation ? ? 1 ] where Sg (%) is represented by Equation 2 below, V1 is a volume (mm3) of the pre-carbonized adhesive layer, and V2 is a volume (mm3) of the graphitized adhesive layer, Sg ? = { 1 - ( A ? 2 A ? 1 ) } × 1 ? 0 ? 0 ? % [ Equation ? ? 2 ] where A1 is an area (mm2) of the pre-carbonized adhesive layer, and A2 is an area (mm2) of the graphitized adhesive layer.

Abstract: Diamond bodies and methods of manufacture are disclosed. Diamond bodies are formed from at least a bimodal, alternatively a tri-modal or higher modal, feedstock having at least one fraction of modified diamond particles with a fine particle size (0.5-3.0 ?m) and at least one fraction of diamond particles with coarse particle size (15.0 to 30 ?m). During high pressure-high temperature processing, fine particle sized, modified diamond particles in the first fraction preferentially fracture to smaller sizes while preserving the morphology of coarse particle sized diamond particles in the second fraction. Diamond bodies incorporating the two fractions have a microstructure including second fraction diamond particles dispersed in a continuous matrix of first fraction modified diamond particles and exhibit improved wear characteristics, particularly for wear associated with drilling of geological formations.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present subject matter, a method of forming a linear panel includes drawing a multi-layer panel material assembly having differing inner and outer material layers along a processing path. The method also includes heating the panel material assembly. In addition, the method includes forming the heated panel material assembly into a desired shape as the assembly is drawn along the processing path. Additionally, in another aspect of the present subject matter, a linear panel includes a body formed from a multi-layer panel material assembly having differing inner and outer material layers.

Abstract: A coated fibre comprising a fibre and a coating, wherein the coating comprises nanoplatelets and a polymer, wherein the coating has a layered structure comprising at least two bilayers, each bilayer comprising a nanoplatelet layer and a polymer layer is described. A composite material comprising a plurality of coated fibres and a matrix is also described.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to polycrystalline diamond compacts (“PDCs”) including a polycrystalline diamond (“PCD”) table having a diamond grain size distribution selected for improving performance and/or leachability. In an embodiment, a PDC includes a PCD table bonded to a substrate. The PCD table includes a plurality of diamond grains exhibiting diamond-to-diamond bonding therebetween. The plurality of diamond grains includes a first amount being about 5 weight % to about 65 weight % of the plurality of diamond grains and a second amount being about 18 weight % to about 95 weight % of the plurality of diamond grains. The first amount exhibits a first average grain size of about 0.5 ?m to about 30 ?m. The second amount exhibits a second average grain size that is greater than the first average grain size and is about 10 ?m to about 65 ?m. Other embodiments are directed to methods of forming PDCs, and various applications for such PDCs in rotary drill bits, bearing apparatuses, and wire-drawing dies.

Abstract: A system for manufacturing an electromechanical structure includes first, second, and third entities. The first entity produces conductors on a planar, flat film. The second entity attaches electronic elements at locations on the film in relation to a three-dimensional shape of the film. The electronic elements include a number of surface mount technology components. The locations of the electronic elements are selected to omit substantial deformation during subsequent forming of the film into the three-dimensional shape. The third entity forms the film into the three-dimensional shape when the electronic elements are supported on the film. The third entity includes one or more machines that are continuously roll-fed, automatically in-precut-pieces-fed, computer numerical control, thermoforming, vacuum former, pressure forming, or blow molding. The first, second, and third entities are arranged relative to one another to manufacture the electromechanical structure.

Abstract: A carbon/carbon brake disk is provided. The carbon/carbon brake disk may comprise a carbon fiber, wherein the carbon fiber is formed into a fibrous network, wherein the fibrous network comprises carbon deposited therein. The carbon fiber may undergo a FHT process, wherein micro-cracks are disposed in the carbon fiber. In various embodiments, the micro-cracks may be at least partially filled with un-heat-treated carbon via a final CVD process, wherein the final CVD process is performed at a temperature in the range of up to about 1,000° C. (1,832° F.) for a duration in the range from about 20 hours to about 100 hours. In various embodiments, the un-heat-treated carbon may be configured to prevent oxygen, moisture, and/or oxidation protection systems (OPS) chemicals from penetrating the carbon/carbon brake disk. In various embodiments, the final CVI/CVD process may be configured to increase the wear life of the carbon/carbon brake disk.

Abstract: Provided are a sliding member and a sliding bearing which can improve the fatigue resistance. A sliding member having a base layer and a coating layer laminated on the base layer, in which the coating layer contains Bi or Sn as a first metal element, a second metal element which is harder than the first metal element and forms an intermetallic compound with the first metal element, C, and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A microstructure comprises a plurality of interconnected units wherein the units are formed of graphene tubes. The graphene tubes may be formed by photo-initiating the polymerization of a monomer in a pattern of units to form a polymer microlattice, removing unpolymerized monomer, coating the polymer microlattice with a metal, removing the polymer microlattice to leave a metal microlattice, depositing graphitic carbon on the metal microlattice, converting the graphitic carbon to graphene, and removing the metal microlattice. A ceramic may be deposited on the graphene and another graphene layer may be deposited on top of the ceramic to create a multi-layered sp2-bonded carbon tube.

Abstract: A method of producing a composite product is provided. The method includes providing a fluidized bed of carbon-based particles in a fluidized bed reactor, providing a catalyst or catalyst precursor in the fluidized bed reactor, providing a carbon source in the fluidized bed reactor for growing carbon nanotubes, growing carbon nanotubes in a carbon nanotube growth zone of the fluidized bed reactor, and collecting a composite product comprising carbon-based particles and carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Wear resistant articles are described herein which, in some embodiments, mitigate CTE differences between wear resistant components and metallic substrates. In one aspect, an article comprises a layer of sintered cemented carbide bonded to a layer of iron-based alloy via a metal-matrix composite bonding layer, wherein coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of the sintered cemented carbide layer, metal matrix composite bonding layer, and iron-based alloy layer satisfy the relation: x = ( ? C ? ? T ? ? E ? ? WC - C ? ? T ? ? E ? ? M ? ? M ? ? C ? ) ( ? C ? ? T ? ? E ? ? M ? ? M ? ? C - C ? ? T ? ? E ? ? Fe ? ) wherein 0.5?x?2 and CTE WC, CTE MMC and CTE Fe are the CTE values for the sintered cemented carbide, metal matrix composite, and iron-based alloy in 1/K respectively at 900° C. to 1100° C.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a diamond by a vapor phase synthesis method includes: preparing a substrate including a diamond seed crystal; forming a light absorbing layer lower in optical transparency than the substrate by performing ion implantation into the substrate, the light absorbing layer being formed at a predetermined depth from a main surface of the substrate; growing a diamond layer on the main surface of the substrate by the vapor phase synthesis method; and separating the diamond layer from the substrate by applying light from a main surface of at least one of the diamond layer and the substrate to allow the light absorbing layer to absorb the light and cause the light absorbing layer to be broken up.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a diamond substrate includes: forming an ion implantation layer at a side of a main surface of a diamond seed substrate by implanting ions into the main surface of the diamond seed substrate; producing a diamond structure by growing a diamond growth layer by a vapor phase synthesis method on the main surface of the diamond seed substrate, after implanting the ions; and performing heat treatment on the diamond structure. The performed heat treatment causes the diamond structure to be separated along the ion implantation layer into a first structure including the diamond seed substrate and failing to include the diamond growth layer, and a diamond substrate including the diamond growth layer. Thus, the method of manufacturing a diamond substrate is provided that enables a diamond substrate with a large area to be manufactured in a short time and at a low cost.

Abstract: This is generally a method of producing graphene-containing suspensions of flakes of high quality graphene/graphite oxides and method of producing graphene/graphite oxides. Both the exfoliating graphite into flakes and oxidizing the graphite flakes and the preparation and suspension of the flakes can be done with high volume production and at a low cost.

Abstract: A generator and a method for generating far infrared polarized light are related. The generator includes a far infrared light source configured to emit a far infrared light; a polarizer located on a light emitting surface of the far infrared light source, wherein the polarizer includes a carbon nanotube structure including a plurality of carbon nanotubes arranged substantially along the same direction, and the far infrared light passes through the polarizer to form a far infrared polarized light; and a heater configured to heat the carbon nanotube structure. The method includes allowing the far infrared to pass through the carbon nanotube structure and heating the carbon nanotube structure as the far infrared passes through the carbon nanotube structure.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure include apparatus, systems, and methods for fabricating monolayers. In one example, a method includes forming a multilayer film having a plurality of monolayers of a two-dimensional (2D) material on a growth substrate. The multilayer film has a first side proximate the growth substrate and a second side opposite the first side.

Abstract: A negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery includes: a core including crystalline carbon; and a metal alkoxide on a surface of the core. A rechargeable lithium battery includes: a negative electrode including a negative active material including a core including crystalline carbon, and a metal alkoxide on a surface of the core; a positive electrode including a positive active material; and an electrolyte.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of compositions for gas sensing and sensors utilizing the same. In one embodiment, a composition comprises carbon nanotubes and polymer-coated metal nanoparticles bound to the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Provided is a fibrous carbon nanostructure with which a dispersion liquid having high dispersibility can be obtained without using a dispersant and thus with which a homogeneous film that is free of clumps can be obtained. In temperature programmed desorption of the fibrous carbon nanostructure, carboxyl group-derived carbon dioxide desorption among carbon dioxide desorption at from 25° C. to 1,000° C. is more than 1,200 ?mol/g.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reinforcing a civil engineering structure, comprising the following steps: —coating a surface of the structure with a first layer of resin in a fluid state, having a particle size distribution, termed first particle size distribution, —applying a layer of a dry woven fabric with a weight per unit area greater than or equal to 600 g/m2, termed high-grammage woven fabric, to the coated surface while the resin is still in the fluid state, by exerting on the woven fabric a pressure sufficient to impregnate it with resin, —coating the woven fabric with a second layer of resin, termed closure layer, in a fluid state, having a particle size distribution, termed second particle size distribution, which is less than or equal to the first particle size distribution.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for preparing Ti(C,N)-based superhard metal composite materials, with Ti(C,N) powder and (W,Mo,Ta)(C,N) powder as main raw materials and Co powder as binding phase for preparation, thereby obtaining a material in which a microstructure is a double-core rim structure that has both a black core rim and a white core rim. The material has a complete and evenly distributed double-core rim structure. In the condition that the ensured hardness of the material is not reduced and even slightly increased, the toughness of the material is significantly improved, wherein the fracture toughness of the material is in the range of 11.3 to 12.5 MPa·m1/2.

Abstract: Carbon nanotube (CNT) forests or sheets coated and/or bonded at room temperature with one or more coatings were measured to produce thermal resistances that are on par with conventional metallic solders. These results were achieved by reducing the high contact resistance at CNT tips and/or sidewalls, which has encumbered the development of high-performance thermal interface materials based on CNTs. Resistances as low as 4.9±0.3 mm2-K/W were achieved for the entire polymer-coated CNT interface structure.

Abstract: A high thermal conductivity prepreg is provided. The high thermal conductivity prepreg includes a high thermal conductivity reinforcing material and a dielectric material layer formed on the surface of the high thermal conductivity reinforcing material, wherein the high thermal conductivity reinforcing material is prepared by a process which includes the following steps: (a) providing a precursor aqueous solution, the precursor aqueous solution includes a precursor selected from the group of organic salts, inorganic salts, and combinations thereof; (b) subjecting the precursor aqueous solution to a hydrolysis reaction to form an intermediate product aqueous solution; (c) subjecting the intermediate product aqueous solution to a condensation polymerization reaction to form a pretreatment solution; (d) impregnating a reinforcing material with the pretreatment solution; and (e) oven-drying the impregnated reinforcing material to obtain the high thermal conductivity reinforcing material.

Abstract: Multilayered or multitiered structures formed by stacking of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. Such multilayered or multitiered structures can be used as thermal interface materials (TIMs).

Abstract: A layer of or including substoichiometric zirconium oxide is sputter deposited on a glass substrate via a substoichiometric zirconium oxide inclusive ceramic sputtering target of or including ZrOx. The coated article, with the substoichiometric ZrOx inclusive layer on the glass substrate, is then heat treated (e.g., thermally tempered) in an atmosphere including oxygen, which causes the substoichiometric ZrOx inclusive layer to transform into a scratch resistant layer of or including stoichiometric or substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide (e.g., ZrO2), and causes the visible transmission of the coated article to significant increase.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a material including tantalum carbide (TaC) with a particularly low impurity content, and a TaC material formed by the method are provided. The method includes preparing a base material, and forming a TaC coating layer on a surface of the base material at a temperature of 1,600° C. to 2,500° C.

Abstract: A method of producing a film of carbon nitride material, including the steps of providing a precursor of the carbon nitride material in a reacting vessel and a substrate substantially above the precursor of the carbon nitride material; heating the reacting vessel, the precursor of the carbon nitride material and the substrate at the first predetermined temperature; and quenching the reacting vessel to reach the second predetermined temperature; wherein the film of carbon nitride material is formed on a surface of the substrate during the quenching of the reacting vessel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a graphene electrochemical transfer method assisted by multiple supporting films, comprising: (1) growing graphene on a substrate, and then spin-coating a thin layer of photoresist on a surface of the graphene as a first film; (2) spin-coating n layers of thick, tough, and selectively dissolvable polymer films on the surface of the first film as an top film; (3) dissociating the multi-layer composite film and the graphene from the surface of the substrate by an electrochemical process, and dissolving the thick polymer films which is the top film with a first solvent; (4) after cleaning, transferring the thin first film and the graphene to a target substrate, and finally dissolving the thin first film away with a second solvent to complete the transfer process. This transfer process is fast, stable, and capable of transferring a large-size graphene, which may promote the large-scale application of graphene.

Abstract: An implantable electrode for use in the body of a subject has a metal layer and a graphene passivation layer formed on at least a portion of the metal layer. The graphene passivation layer may be a single monolayer of graphene. A process for passivating an implantable electrode is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical absorber and method of manufacture is disclosed. A non-woven sheet of randomly-organized horizontally-oriented carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is subjected to a laser rasterizing treatment at ambient temperature and pressure. The upper surface of the sheet is functionalized by oxygen and hydrogen atoms resulting in improved absorbance properties as compared to untreated CNT sheets as well as to commercial state-of-art black paints. Laser treatment conditions may also be altered or modulated to provide surface texturing in addition to functionalization to enhance light trapping and optical absorbance properties.

Abstract: A method of forming a functionalized device substrate is provided that includes the steps of: forming a graphene layer on a growth substrate; applying a polyimide layer to a glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic substrate, wherein a coupling agent couples the polyimide layer to the said substrate; coupling the polyimide layer to the graphene layer on the growth substrate; and peeling the growth substrate from the graphene layer.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator disposed between these electrodes. The positive electrode includes a positive current collector containing a first metal, a carbon layer containing a conductive carbon material, a barrier layer disposed between the positive current collector and the carbon layer, and an active layer disposed on the carbon layer. The barrier layer has conductivity and higher acid resistance than the positive current collector. The active layer contains a conductive polymer. The first metal is preferably aluminum.

Abstract: A sliding member for a journal bearing is provided. A sliding layer includes fibrous particles dispersed in a synthetic resin, and has a sliding surface side region and an interface side region. The particles have an average particle size Dsur, axi and Dsur, cir respectively in an axial and circumferential cross-section in the sliding surface side region, and Dint, axi and Dint, cir respectively in axial and circumferential cross-sections in the interface side region. Dsur, axi and Dint, cir are 5-30 ?m, and Dsur, cir and Dint, axi are 5 to 20% of respectively Dsur, axi and Dint, cir. A dispersion index of the particles having the major axis length of 20 ?m or longer is 5 or more, both in the sliding surface side region in view of the axial cross-section and in the interface side region in view of the circumferential cross-section.

Abstract: An anisotropic conductive film (ACF) is formed with an ordered array of discrete regions that include a conductive carbon-based material. The discrete regions, which may be formed at small pitch, are embedded in at least one adhesive dielectric material. The ACF may be used to mechanically and electrically interconnect conductive elements of initially-separate semiconductor dice in semiconductor device assemblies. Methods of forming the ACF include forming a precursor structure with the conductive carbon-based material and then joining the precursor structure to a separately-formed structure that includes adhesive dielectric material to be included in the ACF. Sacrificial materials of the precursor structure may be removed and additional adhesive dielectric material formed to embed the discrete regions with the conductive carbon-based material in the adhesive dielectric material of the ACF.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes: a mounting board; at least one light-emitting element located on or above the mounting board; a first covering member comprising, in order from an upper surface of the mounting board: a containing layer comprising a light-absorbing material, and a light-transmissive layer; and a second covering member over the first covering member and the light-emitting element. A thickness of the containing layer is less than a thickness of the light-emitting element.

Abstract: A drawing apparatus includes a support for supporting a part of the grown form and a drive unit for causing a relative movement of the support and the grown form. The support includes a plurality of support units arranged in a width direction of the grown form orthogonal to a drawing direction of a plurality of extended forms, the plurality of support drawing the plurality of extended forms from the single grown form.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for continuously densifying at least one nanofiber sheet using heat and an applied force that can include both compressive and tensile components. Nanofiber sheets densified using these techniques have a more uniform and more highly aligned microstructure than nanofiber sheets densified using a solvent alone. As a result, the nanofiber sheets of the present disclosure have, for example, higher tensile strength and better electrical conductivity than nanofiber sheets densified using other techniques.