Abstract: This invention relates to 2-mercaptothiazoline-containing resinous protective compositions which can be lead-free compositions for mirror-back coatings which are useful in reducing or preventing corrosion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transparent glass board for use in document copying machines as the copying glass on which each sheet of original documents is placed and, in the case of copying machines of automatic document feed type, is forced to slide. To ensure good copying and smooth sliding carriage of original paper sheets, a transparent antistatic coating layer using tin oxide and/or indium oxide is formed on one or each of the top and back surfaces of a transparent glass, and a transparent lubricative coating layer using an organic silicon compound having isocyanate groups attached to Si atom is formed on the top side of the glass plate so as to provide a top surface with which each sheet of documents comes into contact. The antistatic layer has a thickness of 300-1500 .ANG. and the lubricative layer has a thickness of 300-2000 .ANG..

Abstract: A sectional curved article e.g. an automotive window is made by cutting a piece of glass, shaping the piece of glass, cutting the shaped piece to provide inner and outer segments. The edges of the segments are seamed, and the segments chemically tempered to provide a sectional curved automotive window having an opening in the outer segment to receive the inner segment.

Abstract: A sandwich structure having an improved impact resistance comprises two outer plates and an intermediate layer interposed therebetween. The intermediate layer is comprised of plural films having a bonding force therebetween lower than that between intermediate layer and outer plate.

Abstract: Optical components (16), particularly germanium components, are provided with a coating on exposed surface (15) within a vacuum chamber (17) by production of a glow discharge plasma containing carbon and another depositable element from feedstock gases which are fed to the chamber (17) via mass-glow rate controllers (9, 10, 11). The mass flow rate of the feedstock gases is maintained substantially constant at predetermined levels during respective time intervals to provide a multilayer coating of predetermined characteristics. Typically the coating has at least one first layer which is amorphous hydrogenated germanium carbide, at least one second layer which is amorphous hydrogenated germanium and at least one third layer which is amorphous hydrogenated carbon, these layers being ordered such that each second layer is bounded on each side by a first layer and the third layer is bounded on one side by a first layer, the other side of the third layer forming the exposed surface of the coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of strengthening a glass article formed of sheet glass produced by the float process. The strengthening method includes a known ion exchange treatment to replace alkali metal ions in the surface layers of the glass with, e.g., alkali metal ions larger in ionic radius such as potassium ions. To prevent warping of the glass article during the ion exchange treatment by the influence of a metal element such as tin used as the molten metal in the float process and diffused into one surface of the sheet glass, the glass article is pretreated by contacting at least said surface with an external source of sodium ions and/or lithium ions and heating the glass article together with the external source of the alkali metal ions at 350.degree.-650.degree. C. for 0.01-100 hr. The pretreatment is neither preceded nor followed by grinding or polishing of said surface of the glass.

Abstract: The invention relates to the forming of felts, the fibres of which are disposed in random directions.These felts are obtained by depositing the fibres which are carried by a current of gas on a gas-permeable conveyor, the fibres, prior to being deposited, being coated with a binder composition. The felt constituted on the conveyor is subject to at least a longitudinal compression, the intensity of which is regulated in such a way that no creases form on the surface.The felts obtained are highly resistant to compression, to tearing and to flexion.

Abstract: A method and composition for coating scored regions or holes in glass articles prior to heat treatment in order to maintain residual compressive stresses and reduce venting are disclosed. The method and composition of the present invention utilize silica-containing sols which gel and density and ultimately form glassy films during the heat treatment of the coated glass articles.

Abstract: A slide glass comprising a slide glass structure having a glass surface with silicic acid groups and a lipophilic functional group introduced into at least a part of said silicic acid groups. By the lipophilic group thus introduced, peel-off of the cell specimen does not readily occur.

Abstract: A disc-shaped nonmagnetic support body for a recording medium which can be magnetized particularly (vertically) has at least one flat side with a very smooth surface, on which at least one magnetizable storage layer can be placed. It should be possible to provide this carrier body readily with appropriate surfaces, and it should be dimensionally stable and sufficiently fracture-proof. A chemically hardened glass substrate is therefore provided which comprises, besides Na.sup.+ ions, K.sup.+ ions incorporated in zones near the surface and in addition Ag.sup.+ ions and/or Ag atoms. For hardening this glass substrate by means of an ion exchange process below the transformation temperature characteristic of the glass material, the substrate is advantageously placed for a predetermined time in a KNO.sub.3 melt, to which advantageously, maximally 10% by weight AgNO.sub.3 has been added.

Abstract: Rigid electrical insulator including a soda-lime glass dielectric with an average thickness of 10 to 15 mm, exhibiting a substantially parabolic stress curve, wherein the maximum value of the surface compression stresses at any point in the part falls within the range of 30 to 80 MPa, while the maximum value of the internal tensile stresses at any point in the part falls within the range of 15 to 40 MPa.

Abstract: The invention concerns new compounds for making a hydrophilic surface lipophilic. The compounds have the general formula ##STR1## wherein Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are independently chlorine, fluorine, bromine, alkoxy with not more than 6 carbon atoms, NH, --NH.sub.2, --NH.sub.2 ', wherein R' is alkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms, --SH, --CN, --N.sub.3 or hydrogen, and R.sup.1 is ##STR2## wherein each of the S-substituents, S.sub.1, S.sub.2, S.sub.3, S.sub.4 and S.sub.5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, methoxy, ethoxy, and cyano, provided that at least one of the S-substituents is other than hydrogen and when there is a methyl or methoxy S-substituent then (i) at least two of the S-substituents are other than hydrogen, (ii) two adjacent S-substituents form with the phenyl nucleus a naphtalene or anthracene group, or three adjacent S-substituents form together with the phenyl nucleus a pyrene group, and X is the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: A composite body consisting of a glass or glass-ceramic substrate with a non-stick, heat resistant resin composition bonded to a surface thereof. Suitable substrates are those which contain one or more differentially etchable components. Particularly useful are glass compositions which undergo phase separation upon heat treatment. For example, some borosilicate glasses separate into a silica-rich phase and a borate-rich phase when heated to about 600.degree. C. and maintained at that temperature for about one hour. The substrate is etched to remove at least a portion of one component to provide a bonding surface containing extremely small pores of relatively uniform diameter for a non-stick heat resistant resin composition. The resin composition is uniformly applied to the etched substrate in liquid form and subsequently hardened, suitably by fusion, to form a solid, substantially continuous film over the etched surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of strengthening a glass article formed of sheet glass produced by the float process. The strengthening method includes a known ion exchange treatment to replace alkali metal ions in the surface layers of the glass with, e.g., alkali metal ions larger in ionic radius such as potassium ions. To prevent warping of the glass article during the ion exchange treatment by the influence of a metal element such as tin used as the molten metal in the float process and diffused into one surface of the sheet glass, the glass article is pretreated by contacting at least said surface with an external source of sodium ions and/or lithium ions and heating the glass article together with the external source of the alkali metal ions at 350.degree.-650.degree. C. for 0.01-100 hr. The pretreatment is neither preceded nor followed by grinding or polishing of said surface of the glass.

Abstract: Reduction in the adhesion to glass of thermoplastic, plasticized polyvinylbutyral molding compositions, in particular sheeting, by the addition of a metal salt and/or metal chelate of an enolizable .beta.-diketone, or mixtures of these compounds, as an non-stick agent, preferably in amounts of 0.003 to 0.3% by weight, relative to the plasticized polyvinylbutyral. It is preferable to employ the non-stick agent in the form of a solution in the plasticizer. The use of the sheeting having an adhesion to glass reduced in accordance with the invention as a laminating layer for the production of glass laminates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transparent, antifogging coating or film comprised of a plastic material, which coating or film may be employed as an external layer in a laminated pane.The invention transparent coating or film is a highly elastic, three-dimensionally crosslinked layer comprised of at least one surface active agent disposed within its crosslinked structure.

Abstract: Polymeric microparticles and dispersions of polymeric microparticles in a liquid hydrocarbon are disclosed. The dispersions are prepared by reacting in dispersed form a preformed NCO-prepolymer containing a segment solvated by the liquid hydrocarbon and a segment insoluble in the liquid hydrocarbon with an active hydrogen-containing compound. Reaction proceeds to form polymeric microparticles which are dispersed in the liquid hydrocarbon. Also disclosed are the use of the polymeric microparticles in coating compositions and articles coated with the coating compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to high energy beam-sensitive glass articles exhibiting insensitivity and/or inertness to actinic radiation, i.e., glass articles which are darkened and/or colored within a thin surface layer of, e.g., about 0.1-3 .mu.m upon exposure to a high energy beam, electron beam, and ion beams in particular, without a subsequent development step, and which need no fixing to stabilize the colored image, since both the recorded image and the glass article are insensitive to radiation in the spectral range of uv and longer wavelengths. More particularly, the instant invention is concerned with Ag.sup.+ ion-exchanged glass articles having base glass within alkali metal silicate composition fields containing at least one of the oxides of transition metals which have one to four d-electrons in an atomic state. Whereas the base glass composition can be varied widely, spontaneous reduction as well as photo-reduction of Ag.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transparent, antifogging coating or film comprised of a plastic material, which coating or film may be employed as an external layer in a laminated pane.The invention transparent coating or film is a highly elastic, three-dimensionally crosslinked layer comprised of at least one surface active agent disposed within its crosslinked structure.

Abstract: 4-Aminophenoxy cyclotriphosphazenes are reacted with maleic anhydride to produce maleamic acids which are converted to the maleimides. The maleimides are polymerized. By selection of starting materials (e.g. hexakis amino or trisaminophenoxy-trisphenoxy-cyclotriphosphazenes), selection of molar proportions of reactants, use of mixtures of anhydrides and use of dianhydrides as bridging groups a variety of maleimides and polymers are produced. The polymers have high limiting oxygen indices, high char yields and other useful heat and fire resistant properties making them useful as, for example, impregnants of fabrics.

Abstract: The surface energy of a glass article is reduced by adsorbing multivalent cations such as chromium onto a glass surface, then treating the surface with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal alkylate such as sodium stearate or oleate to strongly bond the long chain paraffinic or olefinic acid anion to the glass surface by ionic bonding of the alkylate anion to the adsorbed multivalent cation thereby rendering the glass surface non-wettable and lubricated.

Abstract: There is disclosed a metal-glass composite comprising a photosensitive glass body with opacifying crystallites developed in at least a portion of the body, and a metal deposit on and/or in that portion of the glass surface coincident with the crystallized portion of the glass body, the metal deposit exhibiting useful electrical conductivity. There is further disclosed a method of producing such composite by forming crystallites in at least a portion of a glass body, subjecting at least the surface coincident therewith to a cationic ion exchange to introduce metal ions and thereafter firing the ion-exchanged glass in a hydrogen atmosphere to cause the metal ions to be reduced and subsequently migrate surfaceward and form a metal deposit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of differentiated rate of hardening of a glass sheet by blowing a cooling gas in the direction of this sheet having two zones from nozzles. According to the invention, a simultaneous solidification of the glass sheet is produced at both zones of the sheet in spite of the differentiated treatments applied to establish a difference of hardening between the different zones of the sheet. Application is to the production of flat glass sheets.

Abstract: A tempered glass dielectric material for use as an electrical insulator is thermally tempered to produce surface compression between 200 MPa and 400 MPa. At least part of the material is then chemically tempered under conditions of temperature and duration such that the surface compression due to the thermal tempering is reduced by between 50% and 80%. The chemical tempering is effected by applying to the relevant part of the material, at ambient temperature, a solution containing alkaline salts. This solution is dried and the material then heated for several hours at a temperature between 300.degree. C. and 500.degree. C. The solution has the following composition (in percentage by weight):______________________________________ H.sub.2 O 70% to 90% Starch 2% to 10% KNO.sub.3 4% to 12% K.sub.2 HPO.sub.4 + KCl + K.sub.2 SO.sub.

Abstract: A shaped article of a carbonaceous material characterized in that the carbonaceous material is impregnated with a borosilicate glass comprising 25 to 50 wt. % of SiO.sub.2 and 20 to 45 wt. % of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 as effective components.

Abstract: Glass surfaces are modified using controlled chemical corrosion to reduce reflection for a variety of existing optical and ophthalmic silicate glass compositions containing at least 5 weight % of alkali metal, using neutral or slightly alkaline aqueous solutions (pH: 7.0-8.5) at temperatures of 20.degree.-100.degree. C. The solutions contain an electrolyte having a dissociation constant greater than 10.sup.-6 and contain a polyvalent metal ion. Selection of the proper range of the ratio of glass surface area treated to treating solution volume is critical for achieving satisfactory results for optical applications as well as for making the process simple, repeatable, and inexpensive.Using this invention, antireflective surfaces may be produced on optical devices of complex configuration with high uniformity.

Abstract: A marking composition is provided which comprises a mixture of colored pigment, preferably red, and white pigment in amounts sufficient to provide an effective reflectance in the visible and infrared regions of from about 600 to about 1000 nm, e.g., a reflectance of at least 31.6 percent. The composition can therefore be suitable for the imprinting of indicia in a negative mode for reading by a code indicia scanning apparatus, e.g., such as those used in processing a Universal Product Code symbol. The present invention is particularly applicable to the marking of red product code symbols on a substrate which provides a background of low reflectance.

Abstract: The specification discloses a process for converting the surface layer of a body of vitreous silica to the more stable crystalline form of silica known as cristobalite. The surface of the body of vitreous silica is exposed to a gas phase reactive atmosphere comprising atomic iodine at a predetermined elevated temperature for a predetermined period of time to convert the surface layer of the vitreous silica to polycrystalline cristobalite and thus passivate and enhance the stability of the treated surface. The disclosed process is particularly useful for forming improved crucibles, such as those used in crystal growth from a melt.

Abstract: Glass photomasks having a high resolution stain pattern for use in photolithographic processes are made by migrating stain-producing cations into a surface of the glass, and heating the glass containing the stain-producing cations in a pressure vessel containing an inert liquid saturated with hydrogen under pressure at relatively low temperatures to reduce and agglomerate the stain-producing cations to form a high resolution stain pattern.

Abstract: There is disclosed a composite photochromic glass article composed of a glass core and a thin surface layer substantially encasing that core, the core preferably containing a copper-cadmium halide photochromic crystal system and the substantially encasing glass layer preferably containing a copper-cadmium-silver halide photochromic crystal system. The article may be made by fusion laminating two separately formed glasses, or by introducing silver into a surface layer on a glass article by ion exchange.

Abstract: Glass photomasks having a high resolution stain pattern for use in photofabrication processes are made by migrating stain-producing ions into the surface of a glass substrate, and reducing and agglomerating the stain-producing ions in the presence of pure hydrogen under pressure at relatively low temperatures to produce a high resolution stain pattern.

Abstract: Method and apparatus is set forth for forming a laminated gob or charge of molten glass having a core glass which is not only completely surrounded by a skin glass but also has a reentrant portion of skin glass which projects inwardly within the core glass from the periphery of the molten charge intermediate its upper and lower extent. The reentrant portion of skin glass is formed within the charge during the gobbing cycle by momentarily retarding or retracting the outward flow of the core glass while simultaneously positively pulsing the flow of the skin glass. Thus, a laminated gob or charge of molten glass is formed which not only has a skin glass completely surrounding and encompassing a core glass but also has a reentrant portion of the skin glass which is continuous with the remainder of the skin glass surrounding the core glass.

Abstract: A method for sealing a rim-like opening in a glass container is described. The surface of the opening is treated with tin and/or titanium oxide precursors and with or without one or more of the groups consisting of fluorides, sulfur oxides and sulfur oxide precursors and then overcoated with a chromium III organic metallic complex. A membrane comprising a thermoplastic film is pressed onto the coated opening surface and heated to cause glass-plastic adhesion, forming a closure. The coating steps may be applied to glass containers immediately after forming and annealing as appropriate, or may be applied to glass containers taken from storage.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for using emitting, ionizing, accelerating and collecting elements in a high vacuum to implant a hard film on a plastic substrate or the like. In preparation, a slug of a selected material to be deposited as a film is placed in the emitter. The specimens or articles to be implanted are placed on supports in the vicinity of the collector. A cover enclosure is then placed in position and the region enclosed by the cover is exhausted to a high vacuum. Selected potentials are applied to various elements of the apparatus and an accelerating/directing field, which may be developed electrostatically, magnetically or by a combination of both, is developed in the acceleration structure. The electrostatic field causes electron emission from the ionizing elements to develop an increased charge on the emitted ionized particles.

Abstract: A heat and cold retention article of manufacture comprising a plurality of layers including a thermal transmission layer of tempered glass free from metal, a foam layer of low density and a lower foam layer of relatively high density. In this configuration, the article of manufacture is suitable as a hot plate and, if a vessel for containing hot or cold substances is employed, the foam layers of relatively low and high density are interposed between two outer layers of metal material which sandwich the foam layers therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the production of glass and glass-ceramic compositions which have particular utility as culinary utensils inasmuch as they are exceptionally easy to clean after food has been burned thereon. The products have at least an integral surface layer which contains MgO-based and/or CaO-based and/or SrO-based and/or BaO-based crystals as the predominant crystal phase. Operable compositions consist essentially, expressed in weight percent on the oxide basis, of 14.8-19.6% MgO, 16.2-20.0% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 58.7-66.5% SiO.sub.2, when said surface layer contains MgO-based crystals as the predominant crystal phase, 22.2-31.6% CaO, 42.8-53.9% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 23.8-33.6% SiO.sub.2, when said surface layer contains CaO-based crystals as the predominant crystal phase, 31-48% SrO, 24-35.7% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 28-35% SiO.sub.2, when said surface layer contains SrO-based crystals as the predominant crystal phase, and 42.4-45% BaO, 10-15.9% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 41.7-45% SiO.sub.

Abstract: A bearing, seal or brake material is disclosed comprising a graphite fiber reinforced glass matrix material. The bearings, seals and brakes according to the present invention have a coefficient of friction of about 0.15 to about 0.7 and a steady state wear rate less than 40.times.10.sup.-10 cm/cm. The advantage of such bearings, seals and brakes are stability at higher operating temperatures, low reactivity to chemical and other severe environments, high thermal conductivity, superior dimensional stability, low coefficient of friction for seals and bearings, high coefficient of friction with increasing loads without fade for brakes, and low steady state wear rate.

Abstract: Composite materials consisting of a matrix incorporating high-aspect-ratio reinforcement members, wherein the reinforcement members consist of relatively large, prestressed glass or glass-ceramic members, such as macrofilaments or rods having diameters in excess of about 0.010 inches, are described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pavement marker for engagement with an underlying roadway for providing a marking visible from an oncoming vehicle on the roadway surface. The pavement marker comprises a lens member of light-transmitting synethetic resin including a front face having a light-receiving and refracting portion adapted to be inclined at an angle of at least 15.degree. and a rear face having reflex reflective means for reflecting light transmitted through the light-receiving and refracting portion back to the source. The pavement marker has an untempered glass sheet fixedly disposed on the light-receiving and refracting portion and the glass is in compression throughout the expected temperature range to which the pavement marker is exposed in use.

Abstract: There is disclosed a borosilicate, opal glass article composed of a phase-separated, opacified interior portion completely encased within, and integral with, a transparent, single-phase glass, surface skin. The phase-separated portion contains borate-rich and silicate-rich phases so different in refractive index that light is scattered, and the glass may contain a titania-coupled colorant. The article may be produced by molding a glass charge while simultaneously extracting heat from a surface layer on the molded article to maintain such surface layer as a single-phase glass.

Abstract: A method for preparing a glass container, and for sealing a glass mouth of a container and the seal are described. The sealing surface, or finish, of the container is subjected to a hot end treatment after forming and before annealing to enhance adhesion between the container finish and a thermoplastic membrane seal. The container is next annealed and after annealing is subjected to a cold end treatment in which the exterior container surface is coated with a material which enhances the lubricity and increases the abrasion and scratch resistance of the container. The container finish only is then subjected to a brief heat treatment sufficient to remove any lubricity enhancing material from the finish. A membrane comprising a thermoplastic film is pressed onto the container finish and heated causing glass-plastic adhesion and forming a closure.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with glass-ceramic articles which are extremely resistant to impact and spontaneous delayed breakage, are capable of being sawn with a diamond wheel to a depth of over one-third the cross section thereof without breakage, and exhibit modulus of rupture values of at least 150,000 psi. The articles consist of a body portion and an integral surface compression layer having a depth of at least 0.005". The body portion consists essentially, in weight percent, of about 8-13% Na.sub.2 O, 7-13% K.sub.2 O, 30-36% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 35-43% SiO.sub.2, and 6-10% RO.sub.2, wherein RO.sub.2 consists of 6-10% TiO.sub.2 and 0-4% ZrO.sub.2, wherein the molar ratio Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :SiO.sub.2 is >0.5 but <0.6 and the molar ratio K.sub.2 O:Na.sub.2 O is >1:3 but <1 and contains nepheline solid solution crystals corresponding to the formula Na.sub.8-x K.sub.x Al.sub.8 Si.sub.8 O.sub.32, with x varying from 0.25-4.73, as the predominant crystal phase.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with hydrated glass articles having base compositions within the Na.sub.2 O and/or K.sub.2 O-ZnO-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2 -Cl field and having at least a surface layer thereon containing Ag-AgCl crystals which impart photo-anisotropic effects to the glass articles. Silver ions are introduced into the surface layer through a solution ion exchange process with sodium and/or potassium ions of the parent glass. The silver remains in the ionic state until exposure to ultraviolet radiation which results in the development of silver-containing aggregates, i.e., Ag-AgCl, via a photolytic reaction. The aggregates contribute to photo-anisotropic absorption bands which are centered around 340 nm and 700 nm. Polarization of the photo-dichroic and photo-birefringent effects of the inventive products can be altered reversibly between two arbitrary directions without fatigue. The photo-anisotropic image can be read cyclically essentially indefinitely without destruction.

Abstract: A cordierite crystal-containing glaze for fine ceramics such as cordierite ceramics. The glaze has an oxide composition comprising,______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 66-75 wt. % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 13-22 MgO 3-8 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 2.5-7 Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O .4-2.0 ______________________________________The above components should comprise at least 95%, and preferably 96-99%, of the total. The glaze can also include 0-2% ZnO and 0.varies.2% ZrO.sub.2. Apart from colorants, the balance, if any, may comprise small amounts of other compatible compounds such as CaO, SrO, BaO, Cs.sub.2 O and F.sub.2, up to a total of 3%; but the ratio of SiO.sub.2 +Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +MgO to the sum of such other compatible compounds should be at least about 28:1. Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2, which are generally present as impurities in standard batch raw materials, are not harmful in amounts less than a total of 1.5%; in greater amounts, they begin to alter the color of the glaze. Li.sub.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with producing glasses suitable for use as spectacle lenses for aphakics or for persons subject to photoretinitis or retinitis pigmentosa. The glasses exhibit near-zero transmittance of radiations having wavelengths shorter than a selected cutoff wavelength ranging about 440-550 nm and the transmittance of the remainder of the visible spectrum is adjusted through the glass demonstrating photochromic behavior. The inventive method contemplates exposing photochromic glass within a narrowly-defined composition range to a strongly-reducing atmosphere at temperatures between about 350.degree.-520.degree. C. for a period of time of at least 12 hours to develop an integral colored surface layer on the glass.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reducing the reactivity of a glass surface by blocking reactive sites such as silanol groups at the glass surface with a molecular layer of fluorocarbon. The method involves adsorbing multivalent metal cations at the glass surface to provide anchoring sites for the chemisorption of otherwise nonreactive fluorocarbons.

Abstract: A sodium lime silicate type glass body strengthened by substituting potassium ions for sodium ions in a surface layer of the glass by spraying an aqueous solution of potassium ions and from 1 to 6 weight percent of sodium ions upon the glass at a temperature of from about 200.degree. C. to just below the annealing point of the glass.

Abstract: Selectively tinted photochromic glass lenses, such as photochromic lenses with a fixed tint gradient in transmittance ranging from a dark tint at the top of the lens to pale or no tinting at the bottom of the lens, are provided by a process comprising surface coloration and subsequent selective colored surface layer removal, without introducing optical aberrations into the lenses.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with the production of glasses in the Li.sub.2 O-PbO-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2 system which resist the development of devitrification at temperatures approaching the softening point of the glass, which resist surface wrinkling, haze, devitrification, spalling, and cracking when held for several hours at temperatures above the annealing point of the glass but below the softening point thereof, which can be chemically strengthened to demonstrate modulus of rupture values in excess of 60,000 psi, which display excellent chemical durability, and which, in the most preferred embodiment, exhibit a refractive index of 1.523. Such glasses consist essentially, expressed in terms of weight percent on the oxide basis as calculated from the batch, of______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 59-71% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 20-28 Li.sub.2 O 4.5-7.5 PbO 3-9 ______________________________________wherein the mole ratio Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :Li.sub.2 O+PbO ranges about 0.95-1.05.

Abstract: A method for sealing a rim-like opening in a glass container is described. The surface of the opening is treated with tin and/or titanium oxide precursors and with or without one or more of the groups consisting of fluorides, sulfur oxides and sulfur oxide precursors and then overcoated with a chromium III organic metallic complex. A membrane comprising a thermoplastic film is pressed onto the coated opening surface and heated to cause glass-plastic adhesion, forming a closure. The coating steps may be applied to glass containers immediately after forming and annealing as appropriate, or may be applied to glass containers taken from storage.