Abstract: A method of preparing a resinous system, and the resinous system produced by the method is described wherein about 65-80 moles of an aldehyde such as formaldehyde, about 15-25 moles of catalyzing inorganic acid, optionally, about 3-7 moles of an alkanolamine such as triethanolamine, and about 20-30 moles of urea, are reacted to provide an aqueous resinous solution. The resinous solution will cure at room temperature or upon application of heat, permitting its use as a flexible, pliable, waterproof, non-burning coating.

Abstract: A hardenable binder composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a phenolic resin, hydroxyethylcellulose and a silane. The hydroxyethylcellulose being added in an amount sufficient to increase the wet tensile strength of the binder composition after cure thereof.

Abstract: Amino resins, e.g., urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde thermosetting resin systems, are cured with thermally-decomposable adducts of aromatic sulfonic acids and oxa-azacyclopentanes. The resin products cured with these adducts provide surface coatings having superior water resistance properties. The cured compositions can include other conventional ingredients capable of co-reacting with the amino resins, such as polyols, polyacids, alkyd resins, polyester resins, epoxies, acrylics and the like, to provide compositions curable to products having a wide range of properties.

Abstract: This invention provides a substantially transparent curable coating composition which upon curing with ultraviolet radiation converts into a glossy opaque film.The invention ultraviolet radiation curable coating composition comprises a homogeneous blend of (1) polyvinyl butyral, (2) vinyl acetate, (3) trimethylolpropane triacrylate and/or pentaerythritol triacrylate, and (4) a photoinitiator.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of cross-linkable alkyd and/or amino resins, which contain surface active amine oxides of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon radical of 8 to 30 carbon atoms, which optionally contains 1 to 3 ether groups and/or up to 4 hydroxyl groups and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 16 carbon atoms, which optionally are interrupted by heteroatoms and/or together contain up to 8 hydroxyl groups, are useful as coating agents or varnish binding agents.

Abstract: Amino resins, e.g., urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde thermosetting resin systems, are catalyzed with high molecular weight polyalkylaromatic polysulfonic acids, e.g., dinonylnaphthalene disulfonic acid and didodecylnaphthalene disulfonic acid. Resins cured with such catalysts provide surface coatings having superior properties. The catalyzed compositions can include other conventional ingredients, capable of co-reacting with the amino resins, such as polyols, polyacids, alkyd resins, polyester resins, and the like, to provide compositions curable to products having a wide range of properties.

Abstract: A novel class of photosensitive polymers are disclosed which are prepared by the reaction, preferably in the presence of a catalyst, of a reactive polymer, a halogenated cyclic anhydride and glycidyl ester of an alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid. These polymers are capable of undergoing vinyl-type polymerization when exposed to actinic radiation.

Abstract: This invention relates to high ortho etherified resole resins. The resole resins are prepared by reacting under acidic conditions phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of a divalent electropositive metal. The resole resins are then etherified with an alcohol and dehydrated to less than 1 percent water. The novel high ortho etherified resole resins are useful in coating, bonding and adhesive compositions. Such resoles are readily curable with coreactive resins providing chemical and solvent resistance.

Abstract: Amino resins, e.g., urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde thermosetting resin systems, are catalyzed with high molecular weight polyalkylaromatic polysulfonic acids, e.g., dinonylnaphthalene disulfonic acid and didodecylnaphthalene disulfonic acid. Resins cured with such catalysts provide surface coatings having superior properties. The catalyzed compositions can include other conventional ingredients, capable of co-reacting with the amino resins, such as polyols, polyacids, alkyd resins, polyester resins, and the like, to provide compositions curable to products having a wide range of properties.

Abstract: A lacquer consisting essentially of a uniform dispersion or solution of 8% to 16% polymerized lower alkyl acrylate and/or methacrylate having 1% to 20% free carboxyl groups, 2.5% to 10% polymethyl or polyethylmethacrylate, 5% to 10% water-soluable, thermosetting melamine resin, the balance being a volatile medium consisting essentially of water and a lower alkanol when deposited on a plastic film and cured at a temperature at least sufficient to volatilize the solvent, forms a transparent, abrasion-resistant coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a resin binder composition comprising, in combination, a resole resin and a metal salt curing accelerator providing a binder composition that has an improved cure rate in electrical grade laminates without adversely affecting electrical properties. The binder composition provides low viscosity for impregnation and accelerated curing rates for advancing the impregnated substrate prior to laminating and final curing.

Abstract: This invention relates to high ortho etherified resole resins. The resole resins are prepared by reacting under acidic conditions phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of a divalent electropositive metal. The resole resins are then etherified with an alcohol and dehydrated to less than 1 percent water. The novel high ortho etherified resole resins are useful in coating, bonding and adhesive compositions. Such resoles are readily curable with coreactive resins providing chemical and solvent resistance.

Abstract: A solar energy absorbing body has a plurality of discrete solar energy absorbing surfaces in a random arrangement providing a random array of interstices dispersed throughout the body through which solar radiation passes to strike the absorbing surfaces to become heated and through which a stream of air is passed to transfer heat from the heated surfaces. An effective absorbing surface is provided by fine glass filaments coated with a coating containing a thermosetting synthetic resin in which is mixed highly absorptive fine particles. Collectors containing the absorbing body have wall portions that direct a stream of air in particular flow patterns to and from the absorbing body so as to obtain maximum heat transfer.

Abstract: A method of preparing a resinous system, and the resinous system produced by the method is described wherein about 65-80 moles of an aldehyde such as formaldehyde, about 15-25 moles of a catalyzing inorganic acid, optionally, about 3-7 moles of an alkanolamine such as triethanolamine, and about 20-30 moles of urea, are reacted to provide an aqueous resinous solution. The resinous solution will cure at room temperature or upon application of heat, permitting its use as a flexible, pliable, waterproof, non-burning coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a binder composition comprising a low molecular weight resole resin in combination with boron compounds wherein said boron compounds are present in from about 1 to 30 parts per 100 parts by resole resin solids, said composition having a pH of about 2-6 and said resole having a viscosity of from about 5 to 5000 cps. Said binder provides laminates having superior electrical and flame retardant properties.

Abstract: A normally liquid substantially fully methylolated, substantially fully mixed alkylated glycoluril derivative consisting essentially of dimethoxymethyl diethoxymethyl glycoluril is a highly effective cross-linking agent for both water-based and organic solvent-based resin coating compositions.

Abstract: High quality, aqueous-based, heat-curable, primer coating compositions substantially free of organic solvents are disclosed. Said primer compositions include (a) from about 30% to about 75% by weight of a resinous binder which is a mixture of (i) from about 10% to about 60% by weight of finely divided epoxy resin, including blends thereof, having a weight average molecular weight of from about 900 to about 8000 and an epoxide equivalent weight of from about 450 to about 4000, and (ii) from about 5% to about 30% by weight of dispersible, methylated methoxymethyl urea resin which is a crosslinking agent having a formaldehyde:urea molar ratio of 2.2-2.8:1, methanol:urea molar ratio of 1.3-2.0:1, and toluene tolerance of at least 50 weight percent, (b) from about 25% to about 70% by weight of water, and, if desired, (c) up to about 30% by weight of pigment, including a combination of pigments.

Abstract: Amino resins, e.g., urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde thermosetting resin systems, are catalyzed with high molecular weight polyalkylaromatic polysulfonic acids, e.g., dinonylnaphthalene disulfonic acid and didodecylnaphthalene disulfonic acid. Resins cured with such catalysts provide surface coatings having superior properties. The catalyzed compositions can include other conventional ingredients, capable of co-reacting with the amino resins, such as polyols, polyacids, alkyd resins, polyester resins, and the like, to provide compositions curable to products having a wide range of properties.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing elongated boards of artificial lumber reinforced with elongated reinforcing members providing strength thereto. The boards are constructed of any suitable filler material such as ligneous fibers mixed with thermosetting resin. The mixture of fibers and resin are pulled into a compression chamber by a plurality of elongated belts while the reinforcing strands are fed thereto. The belts are rotated to compress the mixture about the strands while the strands are under tension or undulated. Then the mixture is fed through a curing chamber for curing.

Abstract: The surface of optical substrate are coated with a polymerized monomer of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of straight and branched alkane or alkylene of up to 10 carbon atoms, R' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl, and R" is a monovalent cation. The polymer may be linear, an interpolymer, or a cross linked polymer. The polymeric coating is capable of permitting steam, fog, water vapor, etc. to permeate its matrix and render the coated optical substrate anti-fog when subjected to such conditions.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising (a) a hydrophilic copolymer of ethylene, alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and polyvalent alcohol monoester of alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, (b) a water-soluble base, (c) water, and if required, (d) one or more compounding agents, can form on substrates such as glass, plastics, metals and fibers films having excellent hydrophilic nature, water resistance, surface hardness, resistance to scuffing, adhesion to the substrates, and the like.

Abstract: Glass fiber mats are prepared by binding glass fibers with a resinous component, wherein the resinous component is an unsaturated polyester resin powder having a melting point of 80.degree. to 130.degree. C and a molecular weight of 2,500 to 7,000 obtained by reacting (A) one mole of a dicarboxylic acid component comprising an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof, alone or in admixture thereof with a saturated dicarboxylic acid, with (B) 0.9 to 1.1 moles of a polyol component containing at least 50 molar percent of bis(.beta.

Abstract: An aqueous alkaline dispersion of a rubbery vinyl pyridine copolymer and a water soluble, heat reactable o-cresol-formaldehyde-resorcinol resin, in certain amounts, is useful in forming an adhesive for bonding glass fiber reinforcing elements or cords to rubber compounds or stocks. After dipping the glass fiber cord in the one-step adhesive dip, the coated cord is heated to d ry it and heat cure or heat set the adhesive on the cord. Thereafter, the adhesive containing glass fiber cord is combined or laminated (calendered) with a curable rubber compound and the resulting assembly is cured to form a composite in which the glass fiber cord is bonded to the rubber by means of said adhesive.

Abstract: The invention relates to a binder composition comprising a low molecular weight resole resin in combination with boron compounds wherein said boron compounds are present in from about 1 to 30 parts per 100 parts by resole resin solids, said composition having a pH of about 2-6 and said resole having a viscosity of from about 5 to 5000 cps. Said binder provides laminates having superior electrical and flame retardant properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a resin binder composition comprising, in combination, a resole resin and a metal salt curing accelerator providing a binder composition that has an improved cure rate in electrical grade laminates without adversely affecting electrical properties. The binder composition provides low viscosity for impregnation and accelerated curing rates for advancing the impregnated substrate prior to laminating and final curing.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions comprising:A. a thermosetting hydroxy-functional condensation copolymer, such as the copolymer of diphenyl oxide and formaldehyde;B. a curing amount of curing agent, such as acid-catalyzed hexamethoxymethylmelamine; andC. an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol, have good shelf stability.

Abstract: A laminated material comprises a substrate material containing resin-impregnated layers, a metal foil disposed on said substrate and an arc-retardant layer arranged between the metal foil and the substrate material. The arc-retardant layer is an arc-retardant, crosslinked heat-stable synthetic resinous material consisting of from about 60 to 100% by weight of a heat-stable resin which is free of aromatic groupings or heterocyclic rings containing at least one heteroatom and conjugated double bonds and which is not converted to a graphite-containing structure upon being thermally decomposed.

Abstract: A process for the production of water-dilutable binders based on air-drying short-oil alkyd resins acidified by semiester formation with dicarboxylic acid anhydrides which alkyd resins have acid numbers of from 30 to 70 and hydroxyl numbers of from 40 to 120 and a content of natural unsaturated fatty acids in an amount of from 15 to 50 % by weight and of a co-condensed natural-resin-modified phenol resol resin in an amount of from 2 to 10 % by weight, characterized in that 1. the molar composition of the alkyd resin before semiester formation corresponds to a polyalcohol/polycarboxylic acid (anhydride)/monocarboxylic acid ratio of 1 : (0.5-1) : (0.3-1), and 2. polyalcohols, polycarboxylic acids resp. their anhydrides, monocarboxylic acids and phenolic resins are co-condensed in a single process stage, followed only by semiester formation with dicarboxylic acid anhydrides.

Abstract: A base board for printed circuits prepared by the additive process, obtained by heating under pressure a layer comprising at least one sheet of prepreg comprising a thermosetting resin as impregnant and a layer of composition comprising a semi-cured thermosetting resin and a nitrile rubber, said layer of composition being placed on one or both sides of said prepreg layer to integrate said layers as a finished laminate. This base board is used in the additive process for manufacturing a printed circuit board having favorable properties with strong adhesion between the circuit and the base board without showing any warp or twist.

Abstract: Compounds containing a benzophenone or a substituted benzophenone moiety are (a) autophotopolymerizable, (b) photopolymerizable in compositions with another photoinitiator, and (c) photoinitiating in compositions with another photopolymerizable material.

Abstract: Compounds containing a benzophenone or a substituted benzophenone moiety are (a) autophotopolymerizable, (b) photopolymerizable in compositions with another photoinitiator, or (c) photoinitiating in compositions with another photopolymerizable material.

Abstract: Bundles of glass fibers for use as reinforcement for elastomeric materials in which individual glass fibers are sized with a composition consisting essentially of an aqueous emulsion of a polyolefin, and the resulting coated glass fibers are formed into bundles which are impregnated with a blend of a resorcinol-aldehyde resin and an elastomer without subjecting the coated glass fibers to temperatures above 120.degree. F prior to impregnation.

Abstract: The production of a bonded glass fiber product is disclosed. The steps of the method involve forming glass fibers from molten streams of glass; combining the glass fibers with a heat curable aqueous binder composition; consolidating the fibers and heat curable aqueous binder composition into a loosely packed mass on a foraminous conveyor; and curing the heat curable binder composition in situ on the glass fiber product. The consolidated fibers can be compressed on the foraminous conveyor prior to or during curing of the binder composition, or both. The binder composition comprises:1. 60-95 percent by weight of a complex polymeric component formed by reacting phenol, formaldehyde, a modifier selected from the group consisting of starch and compounds which are degradation products of starch, and urea,2. 10-80 percent of urea based upon the weight of the phenol originally charged to produce the polymeric component,3. 0.

Abstract: A composition for use in the treatment of glass fibers and glass fibers treated with same for use as reinforcement for elastomeric materials in the manufacture of glass fiber reinforced elastomeric products comprising a blend of a resorcinol-aldehyde resin and an elastomer and a coupling system comprising an amino-substituted organo silicon compound and an organo silicon compound containing at least one beta-haloalkoxy group.

Abstract: Compounds containing a benzophenone or a substituted benzophenone moiety are (a) autophotopolymerizable, (b) photopolymerizable in compositions with another photoinitiator, and (c) photoinitiating in compositions with another photopolymerizable material.

Abstract: A laminate liner adapted to be secured to a supporting surface, which liner comprises in combination: a backing sheet member characterized by a number of relatively large openings therein; a fibrous polymeric sheet material characterized by a number of small openings therein, the fibers composed of a thermoplastic polymeric material having low-friction, self-lubricating properties; and a hardenable resin binder material, the hardenable resin binder material impregnated into the openings of the backing member, and the fibrous polymeric sheet material compressed into the openings of the backing member to form an integral, unitary, laminate liner, the liner characterized by having a low-friction facing surface composed of the polymeric sheet material compressed and bonded to the backing member, and a resin-rich backing surface, the backing surface adapted to be secured by heat pressure to a supporting surface to form a bearing liner.

Abstract: Compounds containing a benzophenone or a substituted benzophenone moiety are (a) autophotopolymerizable, (b) photopolymerizable in compositions with another photoinitiator, or (c) photoinitiating in compositions with another photopolymerizable material.

Abstract: A process for sealing glass to metal by applying a methylolated polyoxazoline to the surfaces of the glass and metal which are to be joined, applying a sealant to the oxazoline-coated surfaces, joining the glass and metal surfaces to be sealed and allowing the sealant to dry.

Abstract: A method of making opthalmic lenses is disclosed comprising the steps of forming at least a major body portion of a first lens body from a transparent plastic resinous material having an index of refraction greater than that of crown glass, rough shaping the first lens body portion to provide the lens configuration, selecting first and second thin plano glass shields having the respective shapes to form the different sides of the main body portion, shaping the first lens body portion between the shields by means of pressure and bonding each of the shields to the respective sides of the first lens portion.

Abstract: Glass fibers coated with a blend of a resorcinol-aldehyde resin, an elastomer and a combination of organo silicon compounds formed of (1) an amino-substituted organo silane and/or its hydrolysis product and an organo silicon compound containing at least one beta-haloalkoxy group formed by reaction of a halosilane, a monoepoxide and a diepoxide.

Abstract: In preparing an epoxy resin laminate sheet by impregnating a nonwoven fabric of glass fiber with an epoxy resin to form a prepreg, laminating a predetermined number of so formed prepregs and pressing, while heating, the laminate, when the nonwoven fabric of glass fiber to be used as a substrate is treated with a liquid mixture containing a water-soluble phenol resin and a silane coupler prior to the impregnation step, a laminate sheet suitable for formation of a printed circuit board can be obtained at a low manufacturing cost. The so formed laminate sheet not only has excellent heat resistance, drilling workability and punching workability at room temperature but also is characterized by such an excellent property that when it is subjected to the boiling water treatment, the degree of reduction of electric properties such as the insulation resistance is very small and whitening of the substrate is not caused to occur.

Abstract: In the coloring of bodies of glass by diffusion of coloring ions from a treatment medium into surface layers thereof, the repeatability of the resulting coloration is improved by controlling not only the treatment temperature and composition of the medium and the treatment time, but also by controlling the electrical potential within the medium between a pair of electrodes in contact therewith. Preferably, for electrodes of specified composition and structure, this potential is maintained at a value between -600 mV and +300 mV.

Abstract: Cured coatings having a high degree of extensibility and other desirable properties are obtained from compositions comprising a hydroxyl-containing, urethane reaction product containing a polyether component and an amine-aldehyde resin. Preferred compositions contain a polyether polyol of low glass transition temperature. These compositions are storage-stable in one package, and the cured coatings are adherent, durable and highly extensible. These coatings are particularly useful on resilient and rubbery substrates, such as foam rubber, polyurethane foam and vinyl foam, and on soft metal surfaces such as mild steel and aluminum.

Abstract: Adhesion of thermoplastic elastomers, such as unvulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber, to a solid substrate is obtained by using a primer containing a tackifier component, such as hydrogenated rosin or a coumarone-indene resin, and an amino-functional trihydrolyzable silane, partial condensates and hydrochloride salts thereof in which the amino-functionality is in the form of a primary or secondary amine.

Abstract: An aqueous alkaline dispersion of a rubbery vinyl pyridine copolymer and a water soluble, heat reactable o-cresol-formaldehyde-resorcinol resin, in certain amounts, is useful in forming an adhesive for bonding glass fiber reinforcing elements or cords to rubber compounds or stocks. After dipping the glass fiber cord in the one-step adhesive dip, the coated cord is heated to dry it and heat cure or heat set the adhesive on the cord. Thereafter, the adhesive containing glass fiber cord is combined or laminated (calendered) with a curable rubber compound and the resulting assembly is cured to form a composite in which the glass fiber cord is bonded to the rubber by means of said adhesive.

Abstract: Fibrous mats which are insoluble in styrene are disclosed. The mats comprise a fibrous material and a binder resin which is the reaction product of(a) a first monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, lower alkyl acrylates, lower alkyl methacrylates, lower alkyl itaconates, lower alkyl maleates, lower alkyl fumarates, vinyl esters, and vinyl chloride;(b) a second monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, acrylamide, lower alkyl acrylamides, N-alkoxy modified acrylamides, diacetone acrylamide, maleamic acid, meleamide, furamide, N-monoalkyl/aryl substituted amides, hydroxyethyl acrylate, and hydroxypropyl methacrylate; and(c) a modifier selected from the group consisting of epoxy resins, melamine formaldehyde resins, and urea formaldehyde resins.

Abstract: Halovinylidene arylene polymers are prepared from the dihydrohalogenation of the polymeric reaction product of an aromatic compound containing nuclearly-bonded hydrogen and either chloral or bromal, in the presence of a strong acidic catalyst.

Abstract: Aryl methylene polymers are prepared from the reaction of an aromatic compound containing nuclear bonded hydrogen and either chloral, bromal, or glyoxalic acid in the presence of a strong acidic catalyst.