Abstract: In the magnetic recording and reproducing device, a distal end width of the first magnetic pole in the recording element is substantially the same as a distal end width of the second magnetic pole; the reproducing element width of the reproducing element is equal to or less than 0.8 ?m; and in the magnetic recording medium, a number distribution A of equivalent circle diameters of a plurality of bright areas in a binarized image of a secondary electron image obtained by imaging a surface of the magnetic layer with a scanning electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 5 kV, and a number distribution B of equivalent circle diameters of a plurality of dark areas in a binarized image of a secondary electron image obtained by imaging the surface of the magnetic layer with a scanning electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 2 kV satisfy predetermined number distribution, respectively.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium, a number distribution A of a plurality of bright regions, based on equivalent circle diameters thereof, in a binarized image of a secondary electron image obtained by imaging a surface of the magnetic layer by a scanning electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 5 kV and a number distribution B of a plurality of dark regions, based on equivalent circle diameters thereof, in a binarized image of a secondary electron image obtained by imaging a surface of the magnetic layer by a scanning electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 2 kV respectively satisfy a predetermined number distribution.

Abstract: In the magnetic recording medium, a number distribution A of a plurality of bright regions, based on equivalent circle diameters thereof, in a binarized image of a secondary electron image obtained by imaging a surface of the magnetic layer by a scanning electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 5 kV and a number distribution B of a plurality of dark regions, based on equivalent circle diameters thereof, in a binarized image of a secondary electron image obtained by imaging a surface of the magnetic layer by a scanning electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 2 kV respectively satisfy a predetermined number distribution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a substrate provided with a surface portion having a plurality of concave and convex configurations. The method includes a step of applying a solution between a mold having a configuration corresponding to the concave and convex configurations, and a substrate base member, the solution obtained by dissolving a constructional material for composing the surface portion in a solvent; a step of forming the surface portion by drying the solvent in a state that the solution is applied between the mold and the substrate base member; and a step of releasing the mold from the surface portion. The mold satisfies requirements that a contact angle of a contact portion of the mold to be contacted with the solution is smaller than 90° with respect to the solvent, and that a work of adhesion between the contact portion and the constructional material is smaller than a work of adhesion between the contact portion and the solvent.

Abstract: A polymer precursor including a part which sequences an unsaturated bond having a ? electron orbit and a single bond alternately is disclosed. The polymer precursor has a first functional group and a second functional group which form a repeating unit constituting a polymer skeleton of an end product by an intramolecular reaction. At least a part of a conjugated state formed by the ? electron orbit in the molecule is disconnected or weakened due to a three-dimensional structure of the molecule and a transmittance with respect to an electromagnetic wave of at least one wavelength selected from the group consisting of 436 nm, 405 nm, 365 nm, 248 nm and 193 nm is improved.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of valerolactone, said process comprising reacting levulinic acid with hydrogen by using a solid Ru catalyst, characterized in that the process is carried out in the presence of at least 0.08% (w/w) water relative to the amount of levulinic acid. Said process may be faster and more selective. This process advantageously allows the production of valerolactone from renewable sources. The valerolactone may be used in the preparation of methylpentenoate, adipic acid dimethylester, adipic acid, hexamethylenediamine, and polyamide 6,6 (all claimed).

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide a polymer precursor which exhibits high transmittance to a shorter wavelength range with respect to an electromagnetic wave though the polymer precursor has a part which sequences an unsaturated bond having a ? electron orbit and a single bond alternately.

Abstract: A polymer thin film 30 includes a continuous phase 10 primarily composed of polymers of a first monomer 11 and cylindrical microdomains each of which is primarily composed of a polymer of a second monomer 21, the cylindrical microdomains 20 being distributed in the continuous phase 10 and oriented along the penetration direction through the film, wherein the polymer thin film 30 contains block copolymers 31 which include at least respective first segments 12 formed by polymerization of the first monomer 11 and respective second segments 22 formed by polymerization of the second monomer 21, and polymers 13 compatible with the first segments.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a core composite film for magnetic/nonmagnetic/magnetic multilayer thin film comprising a free magnetic layer, a spacer layer and a pinned magnetic layer. As the core composite film, it may be only the spacer layer is an LB film; and the spacer layer is an organic LB film consisting of materials with insulative, conductive or semiconductive character. As the core composite film, it may also be said free magnetic layer, spacer layer and pinned magnetic layer are all LB films; wherein the pinned magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer are organic films made of magnetic materials. The core composite film can be applied to a magnetic spin valve sensor, which can compose a magnetic induction unit of a magnetic spin valve sensor; and it can also be applied to a magnetic random access memory as a memory cell.

Abstract: It is a magnetic recording medium for which favorable values for all of reproduced output, noise level and error rate can be obtained, and which is also superior in terms of storage stability. A magnetic recording medium (10), which has a configuration in which a magnetic layer (3) comprised of a maghemite thin film containing cobalt is formed on a tape-shaped substrate (1) comprised of aromatic polyimide, and in which the substrate (1) is 3 to 10 ?m in thickness, and 5 to 30 nm in its ten-point average roughness (SRz) of the surface on which the magnetic layer (3) is formed, and the magnetic layer (3) is 10 to 50 nm in thickness, 0.1 to 3.0 nm in center plane average thickness (SRa), and 2,000 to 4,000 Oe (158,000 to 316,000 A/m) in in-plane coercivity, is made.

Abstract: A storage media comprises: a substrate comprising a plastic resin portion, wherein to plastic resin portion comprises poly(arylene ether) and a styrene material selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, styrenic copolymer(s), and reaction products and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing styrene material(s), and a data layer on the substrate. The data layer can be at least partly read from, written to, or a combination thereof by an energy field. Additionally, when the energy field contacts the storage media, the energy field is incident upon the data layer before it could be incident upon the substrate.