Abstract: A magnetic recording medium exhibiting high in-plane anisotropy at low Mrt is formed employing a NiAl seedlayer and a CrMn underlayer thereon. Embodiments include magnetic recording media with a CoCrPtTa magnetic alloy layer exhibiting a Hr greater than 2800 Oe with a Mrt no greater than 0.5 memu/cm.sup.2. The resulting media also exhibit high S* and low media noise.

Abstract: A magnetic recording has very low warp characteristics but excellent film characteristics. Particularly, the recording medium has a high coercivity with a small range of coercivity distribution, with a warp characteristic below 3 .mu.m per radial inch. The medium is formed by heating a substrate at a high temperature with a temperature distribution on the substrate that is improved by the use of a heat distribution mask, which reduces the temperature distribution of the substrate to below .+-.3%.

Abstract: Non operational shock resistance is achieved by preventing separation of the read/write head from the disk. Embodiments include optimizing the normal stiction force of a lubricant topcoat by controlling the texture geometry of the landing zone and lubricant topcoat thickness, particularly the density of protrusions. Laser textured landing zones having a protrusion density above about 4,500 protrusions/mm.sup.2 can provide an optimal normal stiction force in excess of 25 gf per interface and a lateral stiction force below 10 gf per interface.

Abstract: An article comprising a substrate formed with predetermined patterns and magnetized magnetic substances arranged in the substrate in accordance with the predetermined patterns, and a method of manufacturing an article with magnetized magnetic substances arranged according to predetermined patterns, comprising the steps of arranging said magnetic substances in a substrate in accordance with the predetermined patterns and magnetizing the magnetic substances.

Abstract: A magnetic device uses laminated ferromagnetic layers containing antiferromagnetically coupled ferromagnetic films coupled together with improved antiferromagnetically coupling (AFC) films. The AFC films are formed of the binary and ternary alloys comprising combinations of Ru, Os and Re. The ferromagnetic film thicknesses, the AFC film thicknesses and the compositions of the films in the laminated layer can be varied to engineer the magnetic properties of the device. The magnetic devices whose properties are improved with the improved laminated layers include spin valve magnetoresistive read heads and magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices for use as magnetic memory cells and magnetoresistive read heads.

Abstract: Acicular hematite particles of the present invention contain zirconium of 0.05 to 30% by weight (calculated as Zr) based on the total weight of the particles, which is present within the particle, which have an average major axis diameter of not more than 0.3 .mu.m and a pH value of not less than 8, and contain not more than 300 ppm of soluble sodium salt, calculated as Na and not more than 150 ppm of soluble sulfate, calculated as SO.sub.4.Such acicular hematite particles are suitable as non-magnetic particles for a non-magnetic undercoat layer of a magnetic recording medium which exhibits a low light transmittance, an excellent smooth surface, a high strength and an excellent durability, and can be prevented from being deteriorated in magnetic properties due to the corrosion of magnetic acicular metal particles containing iron as a main component which are dispersed in a magnetic recording layer thereof.

Abstract: A mass-producible magnetic recording medium having a ferromagnetic metal layer comprising CoNiCr or CoCrPt alloy, which has a high S/N ratio of electromagnetic conversion and a stable coercive force.The magnetic recording medium, using magnetic inversion, has a ferromagnetic metal layer comprising CoNiCr or CoCrPt formed on a surface of a substrate body with a metallic base layer therebetween. The ferromagnetic metal layer has an oxygen concentration of not more than 100 wt ppm and contains crystal grains with an amorphous grain boundary.In the manufacturing process according to the present invention, the metallic base layer and/pr the ferromagnetic layer is formed on the substrate body at 60 .degree. C.-150.degree. C.

Abstract: A label for attachment to a substrate, including a flexible magnet having printed material on one surface. The label consists of a thin, flat, flexible magnet having a first surface and a second surface, printed material attached to the first surface of the flexible magnet, a transparent covering attached to the printed material, a clear base material attached to the second surface of the magnet, a clear film easily separable from the clear base material, an adhesive backing attached to the clear film, and a liner material covering the adhesive backing. The liner material may be removed from the adhesive backing whereby the label may be applied to a substrate by means of the adhesive backing. After separating the clear film and clear base material the clear base material covers the second surface of the magnet and the clear film covers the adhesive backing applied to the substrate.

Abstract: A magnetic medium has permanently defined boundaries between tracks and a consistent surface smoothness. The crystallographic structure of the magnetic medium is modified at the track boundaries, so the grains of the magnetic thin film permanently take on a relatively non-magnetic structure as compared to the grains of the magnetic thin film within the tracks. Servo patterns on the magnetic medium may be permanently defined at the same time the track boundaries are permanently defined. Laser ablation, laser heating to an amorphous structure, photolithography, perpendicular deposition, ion milling, reverse sputtering, and ion implantation can be used individually or in combination, with either the magnetic layer or the underlayer, to create the relatively non-magnetic areas.

Abstract: A magnetic card having a flexible magnetic sheet material bonded to a flexible card blank, the combined blank and magnetic sheet having a magnet panel defined by lines of weakness that allow a user to easily separate and remove the magnet panel from the rest of the magnetic card.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium which comprises a magnetic layer having magnetic metal powder and a binder as major components, the magnetic layer being disposed on one side of a non-magnetic support member, the binder comprises a vinyl chloride copolymer, a polyurethane resin having a group which contains metal sulfamate as a functional group, and a curing agent. The polyurethane resin comprises a group containing metal sulfamate by 0.5 to 3 per molecule, a blending weight ratio of the vinyl chloride copolymer and the polyurethane resin of 30/70 to 70/30, and the curing agent is present in an amount of 10 to 60 weight parts to 100 weight parts of the total of the vinyl chloride copolymer and the polyurethane resin. The invention also provides a magnetic recording medium which further comprises a non-magnetic underlayer and a backcoat layer, wherein a binder comprising polyurethane resin having a group which contains metal sulfamate also is used.

Abstract: A composition of materials that is ferromagnetic and whose properties may be varied by means of an applied electric field and has at least a first and second layer. The first layer may be a substance of the formula III-V, wherein III is at least one element of Group IIIA, and V is at least one of the elements As and Sb and may include other elements of Group VA. The second layer may be a substance of the formula Mn-V, wherein V is at least one of the elements As and Sb present in the first layer. This second layer may be less than approximately 500 nm thick, but thick enough to be ferromagnetic. The first layer and said second layer may be crystalline.

Abstract: Magnetization of the free magnetic layer can be induced along the X-direction (the track direction) shown in the drawing due to the inverse magnetostriction effect even when a tensile stress is applied along the Y-direction (the height direction) of the free magnetic layer 4 shown in the drawing, because the saturation magnetostriction constant .lambda.s of the free magnetic layer 4 is adjusted to within the range of -2.times.10.sup.-6 .ltoreq..lambda.s.ltoreq.0, more preferably -1.times.10.sup.-6 .ltoreq..lambda.s.ltoreq.0, thereby allowing magnetization of the free magnetic layer to be favorably reversed to approach asymmetry to zero (improve asymmetry).

Abstract: A reproducing layer, an intermediate layer, and a recording layer are successively stacked. The reproducing layer is made of a perpendicularly magnetized film whose domain wall coercivity is relatively smaller and whose domain wall mobility is relatively larger as compared with the recording layer around a reproducing temperature. When the reproducing layer, the intermediate layer, and the recording layer have Curie temperatures of Tc1, Tc2, and Tc3, Tc1, Tc2, and Tc3 satisfy a relationship of Tc2<Tc1<Tc3. Upon reproducing information, the reproducing layer is partially heated to more than the Curie temperature by irradiating with a light beam. This arrangement makes it possible to expand and reproduce a domain without causing a repetition of reproduction and to reproduce a signal having a period which is not more than an optical diffraction limit without reducing an amplitude of the reproduced signal, thereby dramatically improving a recording density.

Abstract: The pinned magnetic layer 2 is composed of a track width region 2' and a dead region 2", the track width region 2' being formed at a spaced apart relation to the bias region 5. Accordingly, magnetization of the track width region 2' is not so strongly affected by the bias region 5, thereby magnetization is fixed along the Y-direction at almost entire region of the track width region 2'. Therefore, the track width region 2' and the free magnetic region are in a crossing relation with each other giving a proper asymmetry in the entire region of the track width region 2'.

Abstract: In this invention, an ultra thin layer of CoCr alloy nucleation layer is sputtered at an extremely low deposition rate above a predominantly (200) oriented Cr film followed by a CoCrPt based alloy sputtered film at higher rates and moderate temperatures. This structure creates a media which has very high Hc, and excellent PW50, low noise and excellent low TNLD values. By using this technique, the CoCrPt magnetic film achieves excellent in-plane crystallographic orientation, and high Hc is achieved with minimal amount of Pt addition to the magnetic film. The method allows very fine grain structure of cobalt to be formed which contributes to good signal to noise ratio. A fine grain structure combined with chromium segregation between the grains improve the signal to noise ratio even more. A high degree of in-plane c-axis orientation is achieved in the cobalt layer which provides very high hysteresis loop squareness which helps to improve the OW and TNLD.

Abstract: A thin film magnetic head includes an upper core layer and a lower core layer which are made of an Fe--M--O alloy, an Fe--M--T--O alloy or an NI--Fe--X alloy so that the upper core layer has a high saturation magnetic flux density, low coercive force and high resistivity, and the lower core layer has a lower saturation magnetic flux density than the upper core layer, low coercive force, high resistivity, and a low magnetostriction constant. Also the lower core layer is formed so that the thickness gradually decreases toward both side ends, and a gap layer can be formed on the lower core layer to have a uniform thickness. Since the lower core layer is formed by sputtering, a material having excellent soft magnetic material can be used, thereby enabling recording at high frequency.

Abstract: A magneto-optical disk and a superdensity disk, which comprises: a common integral substrate having grooves and pits formed on its both sides: and a film structure on each side of the integral substrate. They are manufactured by preparing two stampers; simultaneously forming grooves and pits on both sides of an integral substrate, by use of said two stampers mounted on a respectively fixed mold and a moving mold; and forming identical film structure on each side of said integral substrate by depositing materials from targets suspended to both sides of said integral substrate. The disks are superior in mechanical properties and reliability. As for reliability, the present MOD is prepared without using a bonding process, which overcomes the problem of adhesive out-flow.

Abstract: Reactive monomers of cyanate esters are vapor deposited onto thin film disks used for magnetic recording. The monomer films are then irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light to polymerize the deposited monomer to form a solid, robust polycyanate ester overlayer on the disk that becomes smoother, more corrosion resistant and, when lubricated, more durable than disks without the overlayer. The polycyanate ester overlayer can either replace the conventional carbon overcoat or allow a substantially thinner carbon overcoat to be used.

Abstract: A high areal density magnetic recording medium exhibiting high remanent coercivity and high coercivity squareness is formed with a thin CoCrTa intermediate layer to provide appropriate crystalline orientation and surface morphology for nucleation and growth of a magnetic layer thereon. The present invention also enables the use of lower substrate heating temperatures during deposition. Embodiments include depositing an intermediate Co alloy layer comprising about 10 up to about 15 atomic % Cr and about 1 to about 6 atomic % Ta at a thickness of about 1.5 to about 150 .ANG..

Abstract: The present invention discloses a magnetic recording particulate mediumhaving amagnetic layer on anonmagnetic support, the magnetic layer containing a ferromagnetic metal powder and a binder and having a coercive force of 1,400 to 1,700 Oe, wherein the ferromagnetic metal powder is spindle-shaped particles consisting essentially of Fe and having a Co/Fe ratio of from 1 to 5 atomic %, an Al/Fe ratio of from 5 to 15 atomic %, an average major axis length of 0.1 to 0.2 .mu.m and a specific surface area of 40 to 50 m.sup.2 /g, and the binder contains a polyurethane consisting essentially of a diol component comprising a polyether polyol and a polyester polyol and a polyisocyanate component. This magnetic recording particulate medium is characterized by minimal head wear, freedom from head clogging, and satisfactory electromagnetic characteristics.

Abstract: In a metal-in-gap magnetic head, a pair of magnetic core halves made of ferrite are arranged to oppose to each other, and metallic magnetic films are applied to each of opposing surfaces of the pair of magnetic core halves. A hard glass layer and a chromium layer are applied to a gap plane of the magnetic head as a gap layer. A gap is formed so as to abut on the chromium layers between a pair of the gap layers. The hard glass layer includes borosilicate as a main component and it has Vickers hardness of the same as that of said metallic magnetic films or less and softening temperature of 550.degree. C. or higher. Thus, a magnetic head does not generate a spacing loss when a tape slides thereon.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive film is disclosed which has a layered structure comprising a first ferromagnetic layer, a second ferromagnetic layer, a nonmagnetic conductive layer interposed between the first and second ferromagnetic layers, and an antiferromagnetic layer coupled with one of the first and second ferromagnetic layers. The antiferromagnetic layer comprises an antiferromagnetic material selected from an antimony-base alloy, fluoride, an FeRh-base alloy, FeS, an IrMnCo-base alloy and a CrAl-base alloy.

Abstract: A functional particle-dispersed thin film and a granular magnetic thin film are described with production processes thereof. The thin film is composed of plural seed crystal particles each dispersedly formed on a matrix or primary coat each having crystalline orientation by growing epitaxially to the matrix or primary coat so as to align its crystal orientation with that of the matrix or primary coat, and functional particles each formed around the plural seed crystal particles by growing epitaxially to and surrounding each of the plural seed crystal particles.

Abstract: A mini-floppy disk or like information storage device is comprised of a circle of data storage medium having a central metal hub. In use, the hub is contacted with and driven by a magnetized spindle. The hub comprises a ferromagnetic substrate and a metal coating. The coating has magnetization B.sub.s which is less than the magnetization of the substrate. The coating is harder than the substrate, preferably greater than 400 DPH hardness number. The coating is deposited with an amorphous microstructure while the substrate is crystalline. The coating has a nodular surface texture and surface oxide film which provides improved adhesive bond strength, where the medium is joined to the hub. The coating preferably is an electroless plating deposit, comprised of nickel or cobalt base metal, with phosphorous or boron additive; most preferably it is nickel-11% phosphorous.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium permitting satisfactory recording of information even at a small magnetic field in magnetic field modulation recording. The magneto-optical recording medium comprises a recording film formed by deposition of a recording layer and an antiferromagnetic layer. The thickness of the antiferromagnetic layer is 150 angstroms or less. When the Curie temperature of the recording layer is Tc1 and the Neel temperature of the antiferromagnetic layer is Tc2, Tc2 is higher than Tc1.

Abstract: A magnetic disk (2) has an improved landing zone (8) created by directing a series of effectively overlapping laser discharges onto the landing zone to create a continuous ridge (22) extending outwardly from the base surface (4) of the landing zone. The effectively overlapping discharges are typically from a series of discharges from a pulsed laser, the discharges overlapping from about 0% to about 99%. By creating a continuous ridge, a larger diameter laser beam can be used so the depth of focus is much greater than with conventional small diameter, non-overlapping, discrete laser discharges. This aids manufacturability because the larger diameter beam spots are easier to create and the greater depth of focus accommodates fluctuations in the height of the surface of the disk.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a barrier layer deposited directly on the magnetic recording layer is described. The barrier layer is deposited by sputter deposition under a nitrogen-containing sputtering atmosphere to form a nitrogen-containing chromium or chromium alloy barrier layer. The barrier layer is effective to inhibit migration of cobalt from the underlying magnetic recording layer, reducing corrosion of the medium and improving magnetic recording performance.

Abstract: A read-only disk and a write-only disk recorded at high density having a magneto-optical film differing in coercive force depending on the information to be recorded disposed on a substrate. In the read-only and write-once disks, signals can be read employing only part of the irradiation beam, and thus super-resolution reading is realized.

Abstract: A GMR head comprising a spin valve GMR film, which has a free layer containing a Co containing magnetic layer, and a hard magnetic biasing film for inputting a bias magnetic field to the spin valve GMR film. The hard magnetic biasing film is constituted of a film formed by laminating a hard magnetic layer on the magnetic under layer. The hard magnetic layer is disposed adjoining to edge portion of the spin valve GMR film through the magnetic under layer. The magnetic under layer has saturation magnetization Ms.sup.under which satisfies at least one condition of Ms.sup.under .gtoreq.Ms.sup.free and Ms.sup.under .gtoreq.Ms.sup.hard when saturation magnetization of the free layer is Ms.sup.free and saturation magnetization of the hard magnetic layer is Ms.sup.hard. In a MR head of this abutted junction structure, even when the track width is narrowed, occurrence of Barkhausen noise can be effectively suppressed.

Abstract: A high areal density magnetic recording medium exhibiting high Hc, high SNR, high S* and substantially isotropic magnetic properties is achieved by depositing a thin seedlayer before depositing the underlayer. Embodiments include heating the seedlayer under vacuum in the presence of residual oxygen to induce appropriate crystalline orientation and surface morphology for nucleation and growth of the underlayer and magnetic layer having substantially isotropic magnetic properties.

Abstract: A storage device and a method of forming a storage device, includes depositing a metal layer on a substrate, and oxidizing the metal layer to form an oxide with a rutile structure on which a ferromagnetic material is selectively grown. The substrate may be substantially formed of either SiO.sub.2, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, or a compound of SiO.sub.2 and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4. In another method, a method of forming a magnetic device, includes one of seeding a surface with one of Ti, Sn, and Ru islands having nanometer dimensions, and by exposing nanometer scale areas of the one of Ti, Sn, and Ru on a substrate, and coating the one of Ti, Sn, and Ru, with a ferromagnetic material. The surface may be substantially formed of either SiO.sub.2, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, or a compound of SiO.sub.2 and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4. Similarly, the substrate may be substantially formed of either SiO.sub.2, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, or a compound of SiO.sub.2 and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4.

Abstract: The invention relates to a security document, in particular a bank note, identity card or the like, provided with a magnetic security element. The security element preferably consists of a carrier foil having applied thereto a magnetic material whose coercivity is between 10 and 250 oersteds (Oe).

Abstract: A magnetic composite tape for inhibiting radiation noise and a radiation noise inhibiting component using such a magnetic composite tape which can be easily attached to a cable and has a high radiation noise inhibiting effect are provided. A magnetic composite tape for radiation noise control has an elongated shape, and includes a magnetic band member and a metal foil provided on the surface of the magnetic band member. The magnetic band member includes a rubber or a flexible resin and ferrite magnetic powders. One side of the metal foil in a width direction projects from one side of the magnetic band member. An adhesive is applied on the other surface of the magnetic band member. The composite tape is wound and attached with the adhesive applied on the other surface of the magnetic band member at a location on a cable, such as an interface cable, a head cable (power supply cable) or the like, which is to located close to an electronic apparatus containing an oscillation circuit.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a recording layer made up of a ferrimagnetic material whose compensation temperature is included within room temperatures and an information recording-reproduction method using the magnetic recording medium. During recording, while a light beam is projected on the recording layer so as to raise the temperature of a recording portion, information is recorded by applying a signal magnetic field from a magnetic head. During reproduction, while a light beam is projected on a reproducing portion of the recording layer so as to raise the temperature thereof, information is reproduced by detecting leakage flux from the reproducing portion by the magnetic head. Thus, during reproduction, no magnetic flux is generated from other portions of the recording layer not irradiated by the light beam. With the arrangement, crosstalk due to leakage flux from adjoining tracks not irradiated by the optical beam can be eliminated.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is disclosed, comprising a non-magnetic support having provided thereon at least a lower non-magnetic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein a non-magnetic powder and an upper magnetic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein a ferromagnetic powder which has been coated on said lower non-magnetic layer while the lower non-magnetic layer is wet, wherein the upper magnetic layer has an average dry thickness (d) of not more than 1.0 .mu.m and an average thickness variation (.sup..DELTA. d) at the interface between the upper magnetic layer and lower non-magnetic layer is not more than d/2. The magnetic recording medium exhibits excellent electromagnetic characteristics, running properties, and durability.

Abstract: This invention provides a magnetic recording medium which, even when the friction time is prolonged or the scan speed is increased to achieve a long time recording, will leave no burnt matters onto a magnetic head, reduce spacing loss, and prevent an increase in error rate. This invention also provides a cleaning tape which, without causing any wear and damage of a magnetic head, will remove the head of burnt matters adherent thereto.They are actually a magnetic recording medium and cleaning tape which hold an antiseize agent containing a compound with a pyridine skeleton and two or more ligand sites. Alternatively, they are a magnetic recording medium and cleaning tape which hold an antiseize agent containing a diketone compound. The antiseize agent may contain a titanium coupling agent, carboxylic acid, and phosphor-containing compound, in addition to the above compound.

Abstract: A thin film disk and a disk drive using the thin film disk are described. The disk has an onset layer between the underlayer and the boron containing magnetic layer, for example. The onset layer of the invention is useful because the boron containing magnetic layer material resists being deposited with the C-axis in plane. The onset layer material is selected to promote an in-plane C-axis orientation. When a boron containing magnetic layer is deposited on the onset layer the resulting in-plane PO is improved. The preferred onset layer is of hexagonal closed pack structured material which may be magnetic or nonmagnetic. Materials which are usable for the onset layer include a wide range of pure elements and cobalt alloys such as CoCr, CoPtCr, CoPtCrTa and CoCrB.

Abstract: A high coercivity longitudinal recording media comprising FePt or similar thin films that are vacuum deposited by RF and DC sputtering. The as-deposited multilayered films are subjected to vacuum annealing. Due to the formation of the ordered phases of FePt or the like, which have very high crystal anisotropy, the annealed FePt films have large coercivity and fine grain size, suitable for use as ultra-high density magnetic recording media.

Abstract: The Hr and SNR of a magnetic recording medium are increased by employing an underlayer containing Cr or a Cr alloy with HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2 dispersed therein. Embodiments include a composite underlayer comprising a first Cr or Cr alloy underlayer containing about 0.1 to about 20 at. % dispersed HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2 and a second underlayer comprising Cr or a Cr alloy, e.g. CrV, thereon.

Abstract: The invention provides discrete track magnetic recording media and methods for their fabrication. A discrete track servo pattern is imposed on an underlayer, over which a magnetic recording layer is deposited. The pattern is preferably imposed by selective laser ablation of the underlayer. Ideally the underlayer comprises sputtered carbon, which has been found to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the subsequent magnetic layer. Optionally, a contact start/stop zone having a relatively rough surface texture is imposed, also by selective laser ablation of the underlayer.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a magnetic layer provided upon a major surface of a substrate, wherein the magnetic layer includes a magnetic pigment, and a polymeric binder system containing a polyurethane having (1) a plurality of pendant phosphonate ester groups effective for promoting wetting of the magnetic pigment by the polymeric binder system, and (2) at least one quaternary ammonium group effective for promoting wetting of the magnetic pigment by the polymeric binder system.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium in which the bearing ratio Tp of the magnetic layer on a slice level at a depth of 45 nm from the highest peak of the surface profile measured with an atomic force microscope is 3% to 60%, and the difference .DELTA..mu. between the maximum frictional coefficient and the minimum frictional coefficient of the magnetic layer ranges from 0.1 to 0.0001 as measured under conditions of 5 mm.sup.2 in contact area, 2 g in weight of a measuring head, 0.04 to 0.2 N in load applied, 3 mm/sec in speed, and 140 mm in length of measurement.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium exhibiting high remanent coercivity and low noise is produced by depositing a first NiAl seedlayer on a non-magnetic substrate, e.g., glass, ceramic or glass-ceramic material, at a relatively low temperature, and subsequently depositing a second NiAl seedlayer on the first seedlayer at a relatively higher temperature. Embodiments include depositing a first NiAl seedlayer at a temperature less than about 120.degree. C., e.g., less than about 100.degree. C., and depositing a second NiAl seedlayer thereon at a temperature greater than about 200.degree. C., e.g. greater than about 230.degree. C. Embodiments also include depositing a Cr-alloy underlayer, CrV, on the second seedlayer.

Abstract: An information recording medium and a reading method thereof for realizing high density recording and recording/reading a direction of magnetization at minute bit length and bit width, which comprises a substrate having a first magnetic layer which is capable of thermo-magnetically recording and a second magnetic layer which is capable of being exchange coupled with the first magnetic layer formed thereon in this order, is performed by detecting a direction of magnetization transferred onto the second magnetic layer from variations in magnetic flux while emitting a light beam thereon.

Abstract: Surface treatment agents incorporating both acidic functionality and electron withdrawing functionality are extremely effective for promoting compatibility of magnetic pigments with binder systems incorporating quaternary ammonium functionality. Such surface treatment agents are particularly effective in combination with binder systems incorporating quaternary ammonium functional, nonhalogenated vinyl copolymers such as are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,510,187.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium in which information can be overwritten by a magnetic field modulation method, is provided with a magnetic thin film satisfying an inequality t.times.M.sub.s <5 .mu.m.multidot.emu/cc wherein the film thickness is, represented by t .mu.m and the saturating magnetization is represented by M.sub.s emu/cc. Even in the case where the intensity of the modulated magnetic field applied to the magneto-optical recording medium is small, a carrier to noise ratio C/N of not. less than a predetermined value and a jitter of not more than a predetermined value can be realized.

Abstract: Adhesion between a deposited seed layer, e.g., a sputter-deposited NiP seed layer, on an alternate substrate, such as a glass, ceramic or glass-ceramic substrate, is significantly enhanced by depositing a chromium or chromium-alloy adhesion enhancement film between the substrate and seed layer. Magnetic recording media comprising a surface-oxidized NiP seed layer and chromium adhesion enhancement film exhibit low media noise and are suitable for high density longitudinal magnetic recording.

Abstract: A three-dimensional applique is provided having a preformed, flexible layer with a decoratively shaped perimeter and a molded relief pattern with raised and lowered portions, the raised portions extending a substantial distance from the plane in which lowered portions and/or raised portions lie, a substantially flat backing layer, and a peripheral seal forming an airtight pocket between the preformed layer and the backing layer. Appliques, stickers, magnets, and tags are also provided having encapsulated materials, such as sound, music or light-up modules. Methods for manufacturing three-dimensional appliques, and articles of clothing, stickers and magnets having three-dimensional appliques are also provided.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is provided with dual protective overcoats for excellent tribological properties at very low glide heights and long term durability. Embodiments include magnetic recording media comprising a dual protective overcoat system containing a silicon nitride oxide layer on a magnetic layer and a carbon-containing layer, such as amorphous hydrogenated carbon, amorphous nitrogenated carbon, or amorphous hydrogen-nitrogenated carbon on the silicon nitride layer oxide.