Abstract: A series of protective layers, particularly adapted to application by flame spray processes, provides reliable fouling and corrosion protection against an underwater environment. The construction of the multiple layers provides an underlying galvanic layer and an exposed but intermittent layer providing fouling protection. The two protective layers are electrically insulated by an intervening insulating layer. In the preferred embodiment, the layers are applied by a flame spray process, with partial masking of the final application to provide an intermittent layer. Thickness of layers can be easily varied to provide optimum protection against both fouling and corrosion in a variety of environments.

Abstract: Fibers and filaments of synthetic polymers containing from 0.1 to 5%, by weight, based on polymer, of an azole compound corresponding to the following general formula: ##STR1## and from 0.1 to 5%, by weight, based on polymer, of a dihydroxydiphenylmethane derivative corresponding to the following general formula: ##STR2## wherein n represents 0 or 1;m represents 0, 1 or 2;R.sub.1 represents halogen, halophenyl or phenyl;R.sub.2 represents --CO--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 or --CHOH--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 ; andR.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represent halogen,show laundry-stable, antimicrobial activity.

Abstract: A surface protecting material is prepared by having a soft aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 to 50.mu. superposed on the surface of a substrate of plastic film such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, or polyester and further having a layer of resin containing at least 10% fluorine resin or silicone resin and having not more than 1.mu. in surface coarseness superposed directly on the surface of the aluminum foil or indirectly thereon through the medium of a colored layer formed thereon. This surface protecting material is useful for decorating and repairing various kinds of goods and to obtain a flat surface thereon.

Abstract: Articles of manufacture are disclosed for the controlled delivery of pest controlling substances. Methods for producing such articles and utilizing them in pest control programs are also described. Laminated articles are provided which comprise one or more layers containing active pest control and pest attractant substances and which allow the controlled release of the pest controlling substance from within the laminate to the surface of the laminate so as to maximize efficiency against target species in the surrounding environment. The laminated structure also permits prolonged, controlled release of pest controlling substances and properly timed combinations of such substances that might otherwise be prematurely dissipated, decomposed or inefficiently applied. Various combinations of polymers materials and active agents and a number of different laminated structures are utilized to optimize efficient use of the pest controlling substance against a variety of target species.

Abstract: A lower temperature technique for incorporating antimicrobial agents into fibers following the melt step in fiber manufacturing processes results in several advantages when contrasted with incorporation during the molten state.

Abstract: A lower temperature technique for incorporating antimicrobial agents into fibers following the melt step in fiber manufacturing processes results in several advantages when contrasted with incorporation during the molten state.

Abstract: Disclosed is process for extracting fungi-toxic material from wood material of a species of wood which is resistant to fungi-growth. The process comprises providing a first quantity of the wood material, contacting said quantity with an extraction agent in an amount and for a time sufficient to extract essentially all fungi-toxic material in the wood material, separating the agent containing the fungi-toxic material from the wood material, contacting a second quantity of wood material with the separated extraction agent for a time sufficient to extract fungi-toxic material contained in the second quantity of wood material, and separating the extraction agent from the second quantity of wood material.

Abstract: A composite wood product, such as waferboard, is treated during manufacture with preservative chemicals to improve resistance to decay and insect organisms. The process avoids having to treat a finished product and is not limited to only surface protection. Molten slack wax is first applied to wood particles having a moisture content not greater than about 10%, the wax coated wood particles are then sprayed with an ammoniacal copper arsenate solution having a concentration of at least about 11% followed by blending with adhesive resin and forming a composite wood product.

Abstract: A lower temperature technique for incorporating antimicrobial agents into fibers following the melt step in fiber manufacturing processes results in several advantages when contrasted with incorporation during the molten state.

Abstract: Articles of manufacture are disclosed for the controlled delivery of pest controlling substances. Methods for producing such articles and utilizing them in pest control programs are also described. Laminated articles are provided which comprise one or more layers containing active pest control and pest attractant substances and which allow the controlled release of the pest controlling substance from within the laminate to the surface of the laminate so as to maximize efficiency against target species in the surrounding environment. The laminated structure also permits prolonged, controlled release of pest controlling substances and properly timed combinations of such substances that might otherwise be prematurely dissipated, decomposed or inefficiently applied. Various combinations of polymeric materials and active agents and a number of different laminated structures are utilized to optimize efficient use of the pest controlling substance against a variety of target species.

Abstract: An article molded of at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyvinyl resin, polyacrylate, epoxy resin, cellulose, cellulose derivative, polyamide and polyester and containing at least one pyrethroid selected from the group consisting of 3'-phenoxy-4'-fluoro-.alpha.-cyano-benzyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2"-p-chlorophenyl-2"-chlorovinyl)-cyclopropanecarboxylate, 3'-phenoxy-4'-fluoro-.alpha.-cyano-benzyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2",2"-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropane-carboxylate, pentafluorobenzyl permethrate, and isomers thereof. Such articles are especially useful in combating ectoparasites in livestock management, being used in the form of an ear-tag, neck strap, neck strap tag, tail strap, limb strap or halter.

Abstract: Composition of an antimicrobial agent and an antioxidant having improved antimicrobial activity compared to the antimicrobial agent alone. The preferred environment of the invention is a composition of a thermoplastic resin, an antioxidant, and an antimicrobial agent, the latter two being compatible with the resin. The resin composition can contain other usual additives, and can be melt processed at an elevated temperature to form articles such as films or fibers having improved antimicrobial activity. A method for improving the efficacy of an antimicrobial agent by combining it with an antioxidant is disclosed. A method for melt-processing a resin composition containing an antimicrobial material is also disclosed, wherein the resin composition includes an antioxidant.

Abstract: A marine antifouling material providing an antifouling surface for use in sea water comprises a layer of inert, water-insoluble, flexible and extensible elastomeric carrier material having embedded therein a single layer only of a plurality of copper or copper alloy particles of substantially uniform size and shape exposed at the outer surface of the material to provide a multiplicity of generally evenly sized discrete copper areas in the inert material continuum surface thereof. The particles are insulated from each other and from an opposed inner surface of the material.

Abstract: A suit for protecting the wearer against shark attack including a plurality of cells formed in the material of the suit which contain a shark-repulsive chemical. The material of which the suit is made includes an inner ply of strong filamentary fabric capable of resisting shark bite and an outer ply of relatively thin, frangible material, with the cells carrying the shark-repulsive chemical being formed between the two plies. Other chemicals alternately may be used in the cells for other purposes, such as for heating purposes on the interaction of two initially separated chemicals in the cells.

Abstract: A coating composition for marine structures containing a soluble acrylic organotin polymer and a soluble metal-free acrylic polymer, in combination with an insoluble crosslinked organotin polymer, and an insoluble filler in a coating composition solvent can provide a tough, durable flexible coating and can provide extended protection to marine structures from the growth or accumulation of marine organisms.

Abstract: The anti-fouling compositions and process described herein are capable of preventing or delaying for prolonged periods the fouling of structures such as boats, ships, piers, etc., having substantial portions thereof submerged in water. These compositions comprise a number of components, some of which may be coreacted, including: (a) an organic polymeric material having carboxylic acid groups therein which have been reacted with a trihydrocarbyl tin compound to produce ester derivative groups therein; (b) a hydrophilic component having poor water solubility, preferably being water insoluble, polyvinyl acetate and copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate; (c) a hydrophobic component comprising a compound having 1-3 urethane groups therein and no more than about 20 carbon atoms preferably made by the reaction of an isocyanate compound, such as diisocyanate, with one or more hydroxy-containing solvents, such as ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, etc.

Abstract: The anti-fouling compositions and process described herein are capable of preventing or delaying for prolonged periods the fouling of structures such as boats, ships, piers, etc., having substantial portions thereof submerged in water. Processes are described herein for preparing and applying these compositions as coatings to objects to be submerged in sea water. These compositions comprise a number of components, some of which may be reacted, including: (a) an organotin polymer or copolymer of the monomer having the formula R.sub.3 SnOOCR', wherein R and R' are defined hereinafter; (b) a hydrophilic component having poor water solubility, preferably being water insoluble and having at least two hydroxy groups per molecule, such as caster oil, partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, partially hydrolyzed copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, polymers of monovinyl ether of alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, etc.

Abstract: An item (including a sheet or lamina) is treated to proof the item, or a surface or area in which the item is placed, against crawling insects, by printing or spraying the item, or immersing the item in, a pesticide/liquid carrier solution and then drying the solution to remove the liquid carrier, to leave a residue pesticide in or on the material of the item to be contacted by the crawling insects. The pesticide/carrier solution may be applied to the item by mixing the pesticide in a suitable ink and printing the solution onto the item by flexopress, offset or letterpress printing methods or by silk-screening methods.

Abstract: A climbing animal barrier for tree trunks, poles, fences and walls is disclosed. A barrier wall consisting of accordion-pleated metal cloth is bounded on its exterior by a solid metal skirt element which the climbing animal cannot grip or penetrate with its claws and thus is effectively prevented from circumventing the barrier. When applied to a tree trunk, the barrier can expand automatically with tree growth. Serious loss of nut crops and the like is prevented.

Abstract: The anti-fouling compositions and process described herein are capable of preventing or delaying for prolonged periods the fouling of structures such as boats, ships, piers, etc., having substantial portions thereof submerged in water. Processes are described herein for preparing and applying these compositions as coatings to objects to be submerged in sea water.

Abstract: An antifouling coating for inhibiting the growth of marine life on surfaces in contact with seawater comprising a coating material having dispersed therein an effective amount of particles of a polycyclic naphthacenecarboxamide, preferably tetracycline. The principle use of composition of this invention is to coat the hulls of boats and ships and other surfaces contacted by seawater.

Abstract: An antimicrobial additive is incorporated into the binding agent of a heavy-duty, kraft-type paper having the characteristics of substantial density, air impermeability, and improved printability. The antimicrobial additive migrates from within the binding agent onto the paper fibers to substantially eliminate growth of micro-organisms thereon.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a petrolatum wax-biocidal composition and a method of preserving wood with the composition.

Abstract: Antimicrobial fabrics having improved susceptibility to discoloration, which comprises a fabric treated with a quaternary ammonium base-containing organosilicone, wherein the quaternary ammonium cation contained in the organosilicone is at least partially sealed with an anionic surfactant, and a method for the production thereof. The antimicrobial fabrics of the present invention have excellent resistance to discoloration such as lowering of whiteness and yellowing with excellent durability of the antimicrobial activities.

Abstract: Three-dimensional substrates having on at least one surface a coating formed of a polyurethane polyene composition obtained by reacting from about 10 to about 50 parts by weight of a polyene in the presence of about 100 parts by weight of a hydrophilic polyurethane resin. Transparent substrates are rendered antifogging by such coatings. The drag resistance of boat hulls may be decreased by a coating of the compositions and marine growth thereon may be inhibited by incorporating substances such as mercurous acetate in the coating.

Abstract: Coating composition for protecting bodies immersed in sea water, comprising(a): a sub-layer of chlorinated natural rubber, and(b): an external layer comprising a polymer with amide groups.An intermediate layer can be provided, said layer consisting of a modified chlorinated natural rubber.

Abstract: A polymeric composition containing copper flake in sufficient quantities to render the entire thickness of the polymeric composition electrically conductive. The copper flake is treated to remove oxides and reacted with conventional epoxy resins modified with an epoxidized polyol (polyglycol). The formulation not only exhibits outstanding anti-fouling properties but also exhibits anti-sliming properties. The composition is useful as a gel coat and when utilized on ships, boats, and other water craft, a vessel results which requires no additional anti-fouling or anti-sliming treatment for several years. The composition can also be used to great advantage as a liner for pipes and conduits used to transport salt or fresh water where fouling of the pipes is a problem. In one embodiment of the invention, a composition is disclosed which will cure under water. This particular formulation can be used to great advantage in patching holes in copper clad hulls and the like while the vessel is in water.

Abstract: A method of treating wood to prevent stain and decay which includes extracting from a decay resistant species of wood material a fungi growth inhibiting material and using this material to wet the surface of wood to be treated. The substance for use as a fungi growth inhibiting material is obtained by extracting it from decay resistant species of wood material.

Abstract: A decorative laminate comprising a substrate, a foam adhered thereto and a top layer of clear film with a decoration encapsulated between the foam and the film, together with a method for manufacturing said laminate. Additives in the nature of fire retardants are added to the foam and film and insulators incorporated in the substrate. The film may be imperforate or perforated so that the laminate is breathable.

Abstract: The invention relates to rubber articles, particularly spray forming means and spray jet forming means respectively, and their use in sanitary fittings. These are produced by vulcanization of a rubber mixture which contains besides caoutchouc and usual vulcanization additives and auxiliary agents graphite and preferably paraffin. With this mixture any lime deposits can easily detach themself or can even be completely prevented.

Abstract: An antimicrobial agent is incorporated into the binder of a non-woven fabric where it resides in colloidal suspension within the amorphous zones of the polymer. Thus incorporated it migrates to the surface of the binder and onto the fibers of the non-woven fabric to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi.

Abstract: A modular antifouling tile is formed with a plurality of reservoirs that contain antifoulant which diffuses therefrom through the matrix of the coating. The coating matrix is preferably formed of an elastomeric material selected from the group of butyl and natural rubbers, neoprene, polybutylene, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polysulfides, polyurethanes, vinyls, polyacrylonitriles, and copolymer blends thereof. Selected antifoulants that diffuse through a coating matrix of the abovementioned materials include tributyltin oxide and 2, 4, 5, 6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile.

Abstract: A method of protecting submerged articles from fouling by applying a surface pellicle of a coating substance containing an anti-fouling amount of an organo metallic composition comprising a main chain consisting of a chlorinated polymer of a conjugated diene monomer such, for example, as a chlorinated polybutadiene of high 1, 2 units content, and at least one grafted chain formed at least partly of recurrent units having a pendant organotin group or tin salt function.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of wood by a wood preserving agent in a liquid or paste-like form, to be positioned (inserted) in a recess in the wood, which recess is subsequently sealed off.The wood preserving agent contains a water-expelling agent, a water-repellent agent and a biocide.

Abstract: A wood preservative composition comprising 2-mercaptobenzothiazole or its salt and 2,5-dichloro-4-bromophenol or its salt exerts an unexpected synergistic wood preservative effect against wood destroying fungi and termites.

Abstract: This invention relates to new and improved chlorinated phenol water soluble wood treating compositions and methods for preservation of wood or products made from wood. In the general practice of this invention, wooden objects are treated with water soluble wood treating and preserving solutions consisting of blends of from 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a chlorophenol selected from a group consisting of pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol and mixtures thereof, from about 1% to about 97% by weight aliphatic alcohols having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof, from about 0.2% to about 35% of a fatty acid amine oxide or a mixture of fatty acid amine oxides and other amines, and from about 1% to about 97% by weight water.

Abstract: An antimicrobial carpet having bacteriostatic and sterilizing effect against molds, bacteria and viruses is prepared by incorporating into fibrous materials prior to or after fabrication into a carpet an amino acid type surfactant represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein RCO is a C.sub.8 -C.sub.16 fatty acid residue.

Abstract: A PVC roofing membrane cast from a plastisol has less than 1.5% shrinkage when held at 176.degree. F. (80.degree. C.) for six hours and remains flexible at -60.degree. F. (-51.degree. C.). The low shrinkage reduces tensions in the roofing membrane, simplifying the application of the membrane to a roof, and reducing stresses caused by dimensional changes at high service temperatures.

Abstract: A unique fabric construction having a backing fabric and a face fabric. At least one of the fabrics is made at least in part of yarns formed from synthetic fibers which have incorporated thereinto an antimicrobial agent. In some embodiments a tie yarn joins the two faces in plated relation. Even with minimal contact of the yarns in the two fabrics, the antimicrobial agent migrates from within the treated fibers in the one fabric to the surface thereof and transfers to the yarns in the other fabric. Thus there is imparted antimicrobial protection to both fabric faces while maintaining the advantages of naturally occurring, untreated fibers in one of the fabrics.

Abstract: Copper flake is treated to remove oxides and other contaminants from its surface and incorporated into an uncured water-insoluble polymer. When applied to a marine structure such as a boat hull, the coating exhibits outstanding anti-fouling properties. The cleaned copper flake is preferably incorporated into an uncured epoxy resin modified by reaction with a polyol. In one embodiment of the invention, the coating is applied and cured underwater using a strippable carrier.

Abstract: A protective sheath for use over a buried fibre optic cable wherein a plurality of spikes extend radially outward from an outer jacket which completely encircles and covers the fibre optic cable bundle which is surrounded by an inner jacket. The inner jacket, outer jacket and spikes are fabricated of a plastic composite material produced by polymerization which can be molded, extruded or cast into a suitable spiked shape. The cable is thereby protected from chewing or gnawing rodents that may be burrowing in the vicinity and would be discouraged from attacking the fibre optic cable even from underneath.

Abstract: A flocked, foam-coated, fibrous-reinforced, water vapor permeable, bacterial barrier having the appearance of fabric, and being capable of filtering bacteria is disclosed. The barrier comprises a microporous polyolefin film coated on at least one surface with a foamed latex polymer, flocked fibers on the exterior surface of said foamed latex polymer, and a web of spunbonded fibers on the exterior surface of the flocked, foamed latex polymer.

Abstract: Fungicidal compositions comprising at least one organometallic compound of aluminum and/or boron, at least one divalent metal and at least one carboxylic acid group. The compositions are useful in preserving timber.

Abstract: A composition useful for inhibiting adhesion and propagation of undesirable algae and/or shellfish on articles, which comprises triisobutyltin hydroxide, an arylsulfonic acid derivative and an organic solvent. The composition may further comprise a phenol substituted by an alkyl radical and a chlorine atom and/or a pyridazine derivative. A method of using the composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: An antifouling coating with method of use and method of application on marine structures in the form of a film containing piezoelectric polymer material, which, when electrically activated vibrates at a selected frequency to present a surface interfacing with water which is inhospitable for attachment of vegetable and animal life including free-swimming organisms thereby discouraging their attachment and their subsequent growth thereon to the macrofoulant adult stage.

Abstract: A composition for impregnating wood with pentachlorophenol is prepared by dissolving pentachlorophenol in a petroleum fraction at least 50% of which will distill above 485.degree. F., and mixing the resulting solution with water to produce a finely divided dispersion of the solution in water.

Abstract: Degradation-resistant polyolefin articles, such as fibers, films, sheets and the like, are prepared from polymeric compositions containing a stabilizing system comprising a hindered amine and a nickel phosphonate which have been overcoated with a finish comprising an ethoxylated lubricant and a phosphate ester. In a preferred embodiment, polypropylene textile materials having improved thermal stability are provided compositions containing a stabilizing system comprising a hindered amine and a nickel phosphonate which have been overcoated with a finish composition comprising an ethoxylated lubricant and a phosphate ester in an amount sufficient to impart antistatic properties to said composition and increase the thermal stability of said polypropylene textile materials.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel apparatus for the selective stretching of a coated or impregnated substrate of a synthetic thermoplastic polymer or blends thereof to form an impregnated microporous film thereof.

Abstract: A method of protecting keratinous material, especially wool, from attack by insects that feed on keratin, which comprises treating said material with compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is oxygen or sulfur, each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently is alkyl, alkenyl, benzyl or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, R.sub.3 is halogen, nitro or trihalomethyl, R.sub.4 is hydrogen, halogen or trihalomethyl, and R.sub.5 is hydrogen, halogen, methyl or methoxy. The invention also provides novel compounds of the formula (1) wherein at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is phenyl or substituted phenyl and X is oxygen as well as compositions containing the compounds of the formula (1) and compositions which, in addition to the compounds of formula (1), also contain synthetic pyrethroids, esters of .alpha.-alkyl-substituted phenylacetic acids or substituted sulfanilides.

Abstract: In a resin molded controlled-release product which comprises a volatile or elutable active agent dispersed in a substantially transparent and inert resin molded material, the improvement which comprises a colored material located inside or on the back surface of the molded product which is not visible through the product at the initial concentrations of the active agent, but is visible through the resin product at concentrations of the active agent at which the activity of the product is substantially extinct.