Abstract: Hot-rolled steel sheet which then can be cold-rolled, coated, the steel in the sheet having the following composition by weight: 0.15%<carbon<0.5% 0.5%<manganese<3% 0.1%<silicon<0.5% 0.01%<chromium<1% titanium<0.2% aluminum<0.1% phosphorus<0.1% sulfur<0.05% 0.0005%<boron<0.08%, the remainder being iron and impurities inherent in processing, the sheet ensuring a very high mechanical resistance after thermal treatment and the aluminum-based coating ensuring a high resistance to corrosion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hot-dip Al-plated steel sheet for fuel tanks excellent in air-tightness after welding and corrosion resistance subsequent to forming. The present invention provides, as concrete means, a hot-dip Al-plated steel sheet comprising a steel sheet comprising up to 0.003% of C, up to 0.03% of Si, up to 0.3% of Mn, up to 0.02% of P, up to 0.006% of N, up to 0.1% of Ti, Ti and Nb in a total amount of at least the atomic equivalent of (C+N) and up to 0.2%, 1 to 30 ppm of B, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities, and a plating layer comprising 2 to 13% of Si, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities on the surface of the steel sheet, the steel sheet showing a total elongation of at least 45% after plating. Alternately, the hot-dip Al-plated steel sheet may have a chromate coating in an amount of 5 to 100 mg/m2 on the surface, and it may also have a resin coating on the top surface. As a result, the Al-plated steel sheet is excellent in elongation after Al plating.

Abstract: A hot-dip Zn—Al—Mg plated steel sheet good in corrosion resistance and surface appearance that is a hot-dip Zn-base plated steel sheet obtained by forming on a surface of a steel sheet a hot-dip Zn—Al—Mg plating layer composed of Al: 4.0-10 wt. %, Mg: 1.0-4.0 wt. % and the balance of Zn and unavoidable impurities, the plating layer having a metallic structure including a primary crystal Al phase or a primary crystal Al phase and a Zn single phase in a matrix of Al/Zn/Zn2Mg ternary eutectic structure. To obtain a plating layer possessing this metallic structure, the cooling rate of the plating layer adhering to a steel strip extracted from a plating bath and the plating bath temperature are appropriately controlled in a continuous hot-dip plating machine and/or appropriate amounts of Ti and B are added to the bath.

Abstract: A soldered product having secure reliable joints, without the use of flux, is disclosed. The soldered product includes a first member having a connected portion and a second member, also having a connected portion, facing the first member. The connected portions of the first and second members are electrically connected by a connecting material. A layer of hydrocarbon, including alkane, alkene or alkyne, is disposed around the periphery of the connecting material.

Abstract: A coating layer for sheet metal is provided that is comprised of an aluminum-silicon alloy having low emissivity. The coated sheet metal may be used as heat shield material, particularly for heat sources having temperatures greater than 500° C., which sources may be, e.g., the hotter parts of the conduits of automotive exhaust systems. The sheet metal may be sheet steel coated on at least one of its principal surfaces with a layer of a coating comprised of an alloy of silicon in the amount of 7-11 wt. % and aluminum in the amount of 87-93 wt. %. The coated surface of the sheet has a monochromatic emissivity less than 0.15 for all wavelengths in the range of 1.5-15 microns.

Abstract: An article comprising a metal circuit and/or a heat-radiating metal plate formed on a ceramic substrate, wherein the metal circuit and/or the heat-radiating metal plate comprise either (1) the following first metal-second metal bonded product, wherein the first metal and the second metal are different, or (2) the following first metal-third metal-second metal bonded product, and wherein in (1) and (2), the first metal is bonded to the ceramic substrate; first metal: a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), platinum (Pt) and an alloy containing at least one of these metal components; second metal: a metal selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), aluminum (Al) and an alloy containing at least one of these metal components; and third metal: a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), zirconium (Zr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W) and an alloy containing at least one of these metal components.

Abstract: A galvannealed steel sheet having excellent powdering resistance during press forming and excellent chipping resistance in cold environments. The steel sheet has the following chemical composition, by weight, of C: up to 0.01%, Si: 0.03 to 0.3%, Mn: 0.05 to 2%, P: 0.017 to 0.15%, Al: 0.005 to 0.1%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.1%, Nb: up to 0.1 %, B: up to 0.005%, balance: Fe and incidental impurities. The average grain size of the surface of the base metal of the galvannealed steel sheet is 12 .mu.m or less and the steel sheet is useful in the manufacture of automobiles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a strip composite material with a base material of a metal or a metal alloy and a tin coating on the surface, whereby an intermetallic phase (IMP) is formed between the base material and the coating. In particular for achieving good wear and corrosion resistance of the composite material with a simultaneously oxide-free surface, 1 to 50 At.-%, preferably 6 to 30 At.-%, carbon (C) are embedded in an outer surface region of the tin coating up to a thickness D of approximately 2 .mu.m. A method (oil treatment) and apparatus for the manufacture of the composite material of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant coated copper metal coated with an alloy of tin wherein the tin content constitutes a majority of the alloy. The tin alloy may also include one or more metal additives to improve the coating process and/or to alter the properties of the tin alloy. A metal layer may be applied to the surface of the copper metal prior to applying the tin alloy. The copper material may be pre-treated prior to coating to remove surface oxides. The coating of the tin alloy involves heat to thereby form a heat created intermetallic layer. The coated copper metal can be subsequently treated with a passivation solution to remove the coated tin alloy and expose the intermetallic layer. The intermetallic layer includes copper and tin and exhibits excellent corrosion resistant properties.

Abstract: A joined article includes a ceramic member, another member, and a joining layer which is formed between the ceramic member and another member and joins both the members together, wherein the joining layer is composed mainly of nickel, and the joining layer contains beryllium as an activating component.

Abstract: A hot-dipped aluminum coated steel sheet including, on the surface thereof, a coating layer consisting of 2 to 15 wt % of Si, not greater than 1.2 wt % of Fe, 0.005 to 0.6 wt % of Mn, 0.002 to 0.05 wt % of Cr and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, and an alloy layer disposed between the coating layer and the steel sheet, having a thickness of not greater than 7 .mu.m and having a mean composition consisting of 20 to 50 wt % of Fe, 3 to 20 wt % of Si, 0.1 to 10 wt % of Mn, 0.05 to 1.0 wt % of Cr and the balance substantially consisting of Al. This steel sheet can be produced by conducting coating in a coating bath consisting of 3 to 15 wt % of Si, 0.5 to 3.5 wt % of Fe, 0.05 to 1.5 wt % of Mn, 0.01 to 0.2 wt % of Cr and the balance substantially consisting of Al, or by adjusting the sum of the concentrations of Zn and Sn in the impurities in the coating layer to not greater than 1 wt %.

Abstract: A strip-shaped or wire-shaped compound material with a base material of copper or a copper alloy and with a moltenly applied surface coating of a tin alloy, whereby between both materials there is formed an intermetallic phase. The inventive additive of 0.001 to 0.5% cobalt to pure tin or a tin alloy results in a particularly fine-granular, smooth intermetallic phase and not only a higher total layer hardness, a better bendability, a higher shearing resistance and a lower elasticity module, but, in particular, also a high creeping resistance. The compound material can be utilized within a wide range for electromechanical and electrooptical structural elements, plug connectors and soldered structural parts.

Abstract: An alloying-treated iron-zinc alloy dip-plated steel sheet excellent in press-formability, having, on the surface thereof, numerous fine concavities which satisfy the following conditions: (1) that the number of fine concavities having a depth of at least 2 .mu.m is within a range of from 200 to 8,200 per mm.sup.2 of the plating layer, and (2) that the total opening area per unit area of the fine concavities in the plating layer is within a range of from 10 to 70% of the unit area. The above-mentioned plated steel sheet is manufactured by subjecting a cold-rolled steel sheet to a zinc dip-plating treatment in a zinc dip-plating bath having an aluminum content of from 0.05 to 0.30 wt. %, in which the temperature region causing an initial reaction for forming an iron-aluminum layer is limited within a range of from 500.degree. to 600.degree. C., an alloying treatment in which an alloying treatment temperature is limited within a range of from 480.degree. to 600.degree. C., and a temper-rolling treatment.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant metal strip and method for making the same which is essentially lead free and is not highly reflective. The coating on the metal strip is a metallic coating comprised of tin and a very low weight percentage of lead. The coating alloy may also include antimony, bismuth, copper, zinc to improve the coating process and/or improve the properties of the tin coating. A metal layer may also applied to the surface of the metal strip prior to applying the metallic alloy coating.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a reflow-plated member, which comprises a process for forming a plated layer of Sn or Sn alloy on the surface of a base material, at least the surface of which is formed of Cu or Cu alloy, by electroplating, and a process for running the base material at a traveling speed equivalent to 80% to 90% of the lowest traveling speed that said plated layer does not melt when the base material is continuously run for reflowing in a heating furnace at a predetermined temperature. The obtained reflow-plated member is excellent in any of properties including solderability, heat resistance, bendability, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant metal strip and method for making the same which is essentially lead free and is not highly reflective. The coating on the metal strip is a two-phase metallic coating comprised of tin and zinc and a very low weight percentage of lead. The coating alloy may also include antimony, bismuth and copper to improve the coating process and/or improve the properties of the tin and zinc coating. A metal layer may also applied to the surface of the metal strip prior to applying the metallic alloy coating.

Abstract: A galvanized steel sheet has a coating layer of protective material applied to its surface where the steel sheet has been roughened prior to application of the protective material. The improvement is characterized by the roughened steel surface having a pattern which ensures desired consistent quantity of coating during application of the protective material. The pattern provided on the sheet surface has a multitude of depressions defined by a plurality of ridges. The upper surfaces of the ridges defining a plane for each side of the steel sheet, where the ridges have a surface area less than 1/4 the nominal surface area of the sheet side. Each depression has a depth defined by a continuous side wall extending into the plane of the sheet side. The side wall slopes downwardly of the plane at an angle greater than 45.degree..

Abstract: Steel alloys containing chromium may be hot dip aluminized in a bath having up to 15% silicon with improved wettability by using a bright preannealing practice in a box furnace having a substantially pure hydrogen atmosphere. The surfaces of the preannealed steel are easily coated if the box annealing furnace has a dew point of less than -60.degree. C. (-75.degree. F.). The preannealing should also include a minimum soak of at least 1 hour at a temperature of 675.degree. C. to 785.degree. C. (1250.degree. F. to 1450.degree. F.). It is important that the surfaces of the strip after preannealing are not removed prior to aluminizing. During the aluminizing operation, the strip temperature does not need to be heated to much above the bath temperature since the strip has already been preannealed. The furnace is maintained to avoid oxidation with an atmosphere which is typically a nitrogen, hydrogen or a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant colored architectural material which is essentially lead free and is not highly reflective. The coating on the material is a two-phase metallic coating comprised of a large weight percentage of zinc and a relatively large weight percentage of tin. The tin-zinc coating may also include nickel. The tin-zinc composition provides for both a highly corrosive-resistant coating which protects the surface of the architectural material from oxidation and also produces a gray, earth tone colored which is not highly reflective.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant architectural material which is essentially lead free and is not highly reflective. The coating on the material is a two-phase metallic coating comprised of zinc and tin. The tin-zinc coating may also include aluminum, antimony, bismuth, copper, magnesium, nickel and/or titanium to improve the coating process and/or improve the properties of the tin-zinc coating.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant metal strip and method for making the same which is essentially lead free and is not highly reflective. The coating on the metal strip is a metallic coating comprised of tin and a very low weight percentage of lead. The coating alloy may also include antimony, bismuth, copper, zinc to improve the coating process and/or improve the properties of the tin coating. A metal layer may also applied to the surface of the metal strip prior to applying the metallic alloy coating.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant strip roofing material which is essentially lead free and is not highly reflective. The coating on the roofing material is a two-phase metallic coating comprised of a large weight percentage of tin and a relatively large weight percentage of zinc. The tin-zinc composition provides for both a highly corrosive-resistant coating which protects the surface of the roofing material from oxidation and also a gray surface coloring which is not highly reflective.

Abstract: Various metal coatings have been used for many years to inhibit oxidation of metals exposed to the natural elements of the atmosphere over a period of time. Terne alloy coatings which normally contain about 20% tin and about 80% lead are some of the most popular metal coating treatments to resist corrosion. The special formulation of the present invention reformulates the terne coating to constitute a tin and lead based coating where tin constitutes at least 90% of the terne and lead amounts to less than 0.1% and preferably less than 0.05% of the terne. The low lead terne coating may also include antimony and bismuth to provide strength and hardness to the low lead terne formulation having corrosion resistive qualities similar to that of standard terne coating formulations.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant colored architectural material which is essentially lead free and is not highly reflective. The coating on the material is a two-phase metallic coating comprised of a large weight percentage of zinc and a relatively large weight percentage of tin. The tin-zinc composition provides for both a highly corrosive-resistant coating which protects the surface of the architectural material from oxidation and also produces a gray, earth tone colored which is not highly reflective.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant, environmentally-safe gasoline tank for motor vehicles, wherein the components of the gasoline tank are made of a metal material having a hot-dipped coating of zinc-tin applied to the exposed surfaces of the metal material. The tin-zinc coating includes at least 15 weight percent tin and at least 7 weight percent zinc. The tin-zinc alloy may also include metal additives such as nickel, antimony and/or bismuth.

Abstract: In connection with a process of implementing galvanizing and galvannealing on steel strips containing highly oxidizable elements such as Si, Mn, P, Ti, Nb, Al, Ni, Cu, Mo, V, Cr, and B, after annealing in a continuous line or implementing electroplating after annealing, the present invention provides a method for restraining non-plating at low cost in a stable manner and a surface treated steel strip having minimal non-plating. By applying on at least one surface of a steel strip a Fe plating having a coating weight of 0.1-10 g/m.sup.2 and an oxygen content of 0.1-10 wt %, followed by annealing and then zinc or zinc alloy plating, there is obtained a surface treated steel strip having minimal plating defects which includes a Fe plating layer immediately below a zinc or zinc alloy plating layer and a steel alloying element concentrated stratum immediately below the Fe plating layer. The Fe plating may be formed using an electroplating bath which contains 0.1-10 g/l of Fe.sup.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant colored architectural material which is essentially lead free and is not highly reflective. The coating on the material is a two-phase metallic coating comprised of a large weight percentage of zinc and a relatively large weight percentage of tin. The tin-zinc coating may also include nickel and copper. The tin-zinc composition provides for both a highly corrosive-resistant coating which protects the surface of the architectural material from oxidation and also produces a gray, earth tone colored which is not highly reflective.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant colored architectural material which is essentially lead free and is not highly reflective. The coating on the material is a two-phase metallic coating comprised of a large weight percentage of zinc and a relatively large weight percentage of tin. The tin-zinc composition provides for both a highly corrosive-resistant coating which protects the surface of the architectural material from oxidation and also produces a gray, earth tone colored which is not highly reflective.

Abstract: A weather-resistant strip roofing material having improved corrosion-resistant properties includes a strip of stainless steel which is pre-treated by an aggressive pickling process and/or a chemical activating process prior to applying a hot-dip tin coating, The pre-treatment of the stainless steel strip produces superior alloying between the stainless steel and the tin coating which reduces flaking of the tin coating.

Abstract: Various metal coatings have been used for many years to inhibit oxidation of metals exposed to the natural elements of the atmosphere over a period of time. Terne alloy coatings which normally contain about 20% tin and about 80% lead are some of the most popular metal coating treatments to resist corrosion. The special formulation of the present invention reformulates the terne coating to constitute a tin and lead based coating where tin constitutes at least 90% of the terne and lead amounts to less than 0.1% and preferably less than 0.05% of the terne. The low lead terne coating may also include antimony and bismuth to provide strength and hardness to the low lead terne formulation having corrosion resistive qualities similar to that of standard terne coating formulations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate for reinforcing elastomeric polymers whereby at least part of the substrate is made of steel, said part being covered by a layer of an alloy consisting of, apart from impurities, between 4.2 and 6.5% weight of aluminum, possibly less than 0.1% of at least one element stimulating the wetting ability of the liquid alloy to the substrate and the balance zinc.

Abstract: In a hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheet exhibiting excellent press die sliding characteristics and obtained by performing a molten galvanization and then skin pass rolling on a surface of the steel sheet, a galvanized layer has a three-dimensional average surface roughness ranging from 0.7 .mu.m to 1.4 .mu.m, and a skewness (S) of the amplitude probability distribution of the surface roughness, which is defined by the following equation (1), ranging from 0.1 to -0.3:S=.mu..sub.3 /.sigma..sup.3 (1)where.mu..sub.3 : Three-dimensional moment of the amplitude probability density.sigma.: Standard deviation of the amplitude probability density.

Abstract: An Al-Zn-Si base alloy coat including an Al-Zn-Si-Fe alloy layer which has remarkable high corrosion resistance is formed on an article. A ferrous base material is used as the article to provide Fe to the alloy layer. The alloy layer of the present invention consists of 55 to 65 wt % of Al, 25 to 35 wt % of Zn, 5 to 10 wt % of Fe, and 2 to 4 wt % of Si, and also has a cross sectional area of 15 to 90% of the entire cross sectional area of the alloy coat. A process for forming the alloy coat of the present invention comprises the step of dipping the article into a molten bath of Zn to form, on the article, an undercoat which results from a reaction between Fe of the article and Zn in the molten bath, and then dipping the undercoat into an alloy molten bath of Al, Zn and Si to form the alloy coat of the present invention on the undercoat.

Abstract: A steel product having a coating based on a hypereutectic zinc-aluminium alloy made by passing it through a zinc bath containing aluminium and silicon wherein the aluminium content is approximately 55% by weight, the silicon content is 1% to 2% by weight, and the bath further includes strontium in a quantity in the range 0.0001% to 0.2% by weight and at least one other element selected from among vanadium in a quantity in the range of 0.02% to 0.2% by weight and chromium in a quantity in the range of 0.005% to 0.2% by weight. The addition of strontium and chromium and/or vanadium stabilizes the structure of the coating and reduces the formation of acicular precipitates of silicon. The coating has an improved adherence and ductility which permits it to be formed without cracking, while retaining an excellent resistance to corrosion. The resulting crystallization pattern of the coating is also finer and more regular and is independent of the substrate.

Abstract: A weld overlaid stainless clad steel for high temperature and high pressure hydrogen service has the improved elevated temperature strength and excellent resistance to hydrogen induced disbonding. The base steel of the clad steel in the invention contains, in weight percent, 0.05% to 0.30% carbon, not more than 1.5% manganese, 0.8% to 5.5% chromium, 0.5% to 1.5% molybdenum and 0.0005% to 0.010% boron, at least one of 0.010% to 0.040% titanium, 0.010% to 0.040% columbium, with the balance of iron and any other incidental impurities.

Abstract: A fiber-organic composition includes from about 5% to 50% by volume of uniformly dispersed, non-planar or three dimensionally random oriented inorganic fibers or whiskers, and a thermoplastic material such as paraffin wax. The composition also includes surfactants to promote wetting and dispersion of the inorganic fibers or whiskers. These materials are subjected to high shear mixing to form a uniform randomly oriented three-dimensional dispersion of the inorganic fibers or whiskers. After molding the mixture in such a manner so as not to disrupt the uniform, three-dimensional orientation of the fibers or whiskers, a majority of the thermoplastic material is removed leaving a shaped body or preform having sufficient strength for handling. The shaped body or preform can then be infiltrated with molten metal or the like to form a metal matrix composite.

Abstract: A magnetic storage medium is composed of a non-wettable substrate upon which a transient liquid metal layer is deposited and maintained as a distribution of discontinuous liquid features. A magnetic film layer is deposited on the transient liquid metal layer resulting in a reaction of the liquid metal with the magnetic film. The topology of the magnetic film is controllable by adjusting the thickness of the transient liquid metal layer.

Abstract: In order to reduce the plug-in and tensile pulling forces of an electrical connector pair, the coating on the plug element of a socket and plug connector pair is given greater hardness than that for the other plug element. To this end, the base material (e.g., of a male plug) is given a surface coating of an alloy applied using the molten method. Besides tin and possibly lead (as well as small amounts of deoxidization and processing additives), this alloy also contains up to a total of 10% by weight of at least one element selected from the group consisting of silver, aluminum, silicon, copper, magnesium, iron, nickel, manganese, zinc, zirconium, antimony, rhodium, palladium and platinum. The melting point of the coating material preferably does not exceed 320.degree. C.

Abstract: A low carbon steel sheet dip-plated with a Zn-Al alloy, which is in a non-recrystallized and rolled state and which comprises, as an element to raise the recrystallization temperature, at least one of Ti: 0.01.about.0.40% by weight, Nb: 0.01.about.0.10% by weight, and B: 0.001.about.0.010% by weight, and a process for the manufacture thereof which comprises carrying out dip-plating at a temperature lower than the recrystallization temperature.

Abstract: Continuously hot dip aluminum coated ferritic chromium alloy steel strip. After the steel has been given a pretreatment to remove surface contaminants, the steel is protected in a hydrogen atmosphere until it is passed into the molten aluminum coating metal. The coating metal readily wets the steel surface to prevent uncoated areas or pin holes in the coating layer.

Abstract: A laminated metal structure and a method of hardsurfacing stainless steel base metals are herein provided for resisting wear of steam turbine components at elevated temperatures. The laminated metal structure employs a buttering layer, sandwiched between the stainless steel base metal and a hardsurfacing layer. The buttering layer consists essentially of nickel or a nickel-based alloy and is selected to have a coefficient of thermal expansion which is between that of the base metal and that of the hardsurfacing material. This improved structure produces a relatively crack-free deposit that can provide greater service life for turbine components with less downtime due to repairs.

Abstract: Juxtaposed nozzle openings apply the same or different melts to the surface of a moving cooler surface for producing thin metal strips or foils with a considerable width. The nozzle openings can be staggered in the direction of movement of the cooler surface and apply different materials to produce a metal strip with juxtaposed and sharply defined regions with different characteristics. Amorphous or mixed amorphous/-crystalline, or solely crystalline material structures can also be produced. Alternatively, different cooling capacities on different cooler surface areas and different structuring of different cooler surface areas permit the melt to solidify on the cooler surface such that the strips or foils obtained have adjacent regions with different metallic and/or geometrical structures. By geometrical configuration of the cooler surface, foils with a structured surface or with shape-limited individual regions can be used for mass production of small parts from sheet or strip material.

Abstract: A low-titanium alloy steel foil having a cold rolled metallic aluminum hot-dip coated surface which is adapted for growing a thick surface coating of spine-like whiskers of aluminum oxide suitable for retaining a coating of a metallic catalyst, which is formable at room temperature without annealing, and which exhibits good resistance to oxidation at temperatures up to 1149.degree. C. (2100.degree. F.).

Abstract: Material pairing for highly stresses machine parts with sliding friction between two surfaces, particularly for parallel-plate slide valves in a corrosive environment, wherein the one surface is formed by a hard cobalt alloy applied as hard-face welding, and the other surface is formed by a low-alloy, low-chromium steel which is tempered and nitrided.

Abstract: A differentially coated, galvanized steel strip is produced by hot dip coating both sides of a steel strip and adjusting the weight of coating metal on opposite sides of the strip to produce a light coated side and a heavy coated side. The strip is then precooled to fully solidify the heavy coated side following which the galvanized strip is subjected to a treating step in which simultaneously the light coated side is heated and the heavy coated side is cooled. This fully transforms the light coated side to iron-zinc alloy throughout while only partially transforming an inner layer on the heavy coated side to iron-zinc alloy. The outer layer on the heavy coated side consists entirely of coating metal, and there are no intermittent bleed-throughs of iron-zinc alloy to the outer surface of the heavy coated side.

Abstract: A novel thin ribbon wafer of semiconductor having a polycrystalline structure composed of more than 50% of a grain having a grain size of more than 5 .mu.m, a thickness of 5 to 200 .mu.m, sufficient flexibility to be windable on a pipe having a diameter of 34 mm, malleability, and composed from p-type, i-type or n-type semiconductor material, and the composite clad of at least two elements thereof so as to form a p-n type junction.

Abstract: The disclosed process produces a silicon ribbon wafer with a p-n junction, by melting a raw silicon material, ejecting the molten silicon material onto a rotary cooling member so as to produce a silicon ribbon wafer through super-rapid cooling, and applying an impurity element whose polarity is opposite to that of the raw silicon material onto the thus formed silicon ribbon wafer at a temperature of not lower than 600.degree. C. and cooled from said temperature, whereby a p-n junction is formed in the silicon ribbon wafer simultaneously with the production of the fully solidified silicon ribbon wafer.

Abstract: Hot-dip coated steel articles having a coating containing about 55% aluminum, 43% zinc, 2% silicon, are known to exhibit an optimum combination of general corrosion resistance, more durable than zinc coatings; while providing more galvanic protection to cut edges and areas of mechanical damage than hot-dip aluminum coatings. It has now been found that coatings containing 12 to 24% zinc, up to 4% silicon, balance aluminum, provide galvanic protection equal to or superior to such known coatings, while providing enhanced general corrosion resistance, approaching that of aluminum coatings.

Abstract: Method for hard facing iron or iron base alloy substrates using as a hard facing material a solid composition consisting essentially of grains of vanadium carbide having in solid solution from about 10 to 50% by weight tungsten, and containing from about 0.5 to 5% by weight manganese and 0 to 3% by weight copper in the grain boundaries.

Abstract: A coated ferrous article with improved properties, e.g., improved overall corrosion resistance and good appearance. The article has a ferrous substrate and a ductile, adherent, corrosion resistant alloy coating metallurgically bonded to the substrate. The alloy coating has a thin intermetallic alloy layer intermediate the substrate and an alloy overlay. The alloy overlay consists essentially of, by weight, magnesium from 3% to 20%, silicon from 3% to 15%, balance aluminum and zinc, where the ##EQU1## is between 1 and 1.5. The metallurgical structure of the overlay is a mixture of (1) cored aluminum-rich dendrites having dendrite arm spacings (DAS) of less than 10.mu., (2) zinc-rich interdendritic regions, and (3) intermetallic phases of zinc, aluminum, magnesium and silicon. The article may be produced by hot dip coating a ferrous substrate in a molten metal bath of the above composition.