Abstract: A battery pack, or battery pack module, is provided that achieves improved battery pack performance, system reliability and system safety while impacting only a small region of the battery pack/battery module, and thus having only a minor impact on battery pack cost, complexity, weight and size. The battery pack/battery module is designed such that the fusible interconnects associated with a single battery, or a specific fusible interconnect associated with a single battery, will be the last interconnect(s) to fuse during a short circuit event. The risk of sustained arcing for the predetermined interconnect(s) is minimized through the use of rapid clearing interconnects. As a result, the risk of damage and excessive heating is also minimized.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel methods for affecting, controlling and/or directing various reactions and/or reaction pathways or systems by exposing one or more components in a holoreaction system to at least one spectral energy pattern. In a first aspect of the invention, at least one spectral energy pattern can be applied to a reaction system. In a second aspect of the invention, at least one spectral energy conditioning pattern can be applied to a conditioning reaction system. The spectral energy conditioning pattern can, for example, be applied at a separate location from the reaction vessel (e.g., in a conditioning reaction vessel) or can be applied in (or to) the reaction vessel, but prior to other reaction system participants being introduced into the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A battery pack having reduced magnetic emitted noise includes a housing having an electrode assembly (700) disposed therein. The electrode assembly (700) includes a cell stack comprising a cathode (701) and an anode (702) with a separator disposed therebetween. The cell stack of the electrode assembly (700) has a first end (705) and a second end (706). A first electrical conductor (703) coupled to the anode (702) at the first end (705) of the cell stack. A second electrical conductor (704) coupled to the cathode (701) at the first end (705) of the cell stack. The first electrical conductor (703) and second electrical conductor (704) can be configured with different lengths, geometrical shapes, or placement locations such that during discharge, current (711,712) passes across the cathode (701) and anode (702) in substantially opposite directions at a substantially similar magnitude so as to reduce magnetic field noise generated by the electrode assembly (700).

Abstract: The invention relates to an inventive electrochemical device and an inventive metal-air fuel cell and Zinc-air fuel cell are also revealed. The inventive electrochemical device can also be used as an amplifier, a power generator, a detector, a photoelectric conversion device or a charger.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor for identifying small superparamagnetic particles bonded to a substrate contains a regular orthogonal array of MTJ cells formed beneath that substrate. A magnetic field imposed on the particle, perpendicular to the substrate, induces a magnetic field that has a component within the MTJ cells that is along the plane of the MTJ free layer. If that free layer has a low switching threshold, the induced field of the particle will create resistance changes in a group of MTJ cells that lie beneath it. These resistance changes will be distributed in a characteristic formation or signature that will indicate the presence of the particle. If the particle's field is insufficient to produce the free layer switching, then a biasing field can be added in the direction of the hard axis and the combination of this field and the induced field allows the presence of the particle to be determined.

Abstract: A fuel cartridge includes a plurality of chambers and a plurality of supply devices. Each of the chambers is capable of storing a first reactant. The supply devices are respectively corresponding to the chambers; and each of the supply devices is capable of supplying a second reactant to the corresponding chamber so that the second reactant reacts with the first reactant in the corresponding chamber to generate hydrogen gas. In addition, a fuel cell system using the fuel cartridge and a power management method thereof are also provided.

Abstract: In use in a battery, a first spiral-wound battery element and associated wiring generates a first magnetic field and a second spiral-wound battery element and associated wiring generates a second magnetic field. The first element, the second element and the wiring may be arranged within a casing so that the first magnetic field is proximate to the second magnetic field and oriented in an opposite polarity. Conveniently, it may be shown that the total magnetic field generated by the battery has significantly lower magnitude than the total magnetic field generated by a conventional battery for the same current drain and same wiring structure.

Abstract: A battery has an electrode assembly that includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a layer of electrolyte between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. An electric current flow in the positive electrode is unmatched to an electric current flow in the negative electrode, thereby producing a first magnetic field. A magnetic compensation structure is adjacent to the electrode assembly and has body of electrically conductive material connected to one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The electric current flowing through the electrode assembly also flows through the body in a pattern that matches the pattern of unmatched electric current in the electrode assembly. As a result a second magnetic field is produced by the magnetic compensation structure that opposes the first magnetic field thereby mitigating magnetic noise from the battery.

Abstract: The present invention provides a battery circuit including a first battery cell with a first parameter having a first value and a second battery cell with a second parameter having a second value. The second battery cell is coupled to the first battery cell in series. The battery circuit further includes a magnetic device operable for storing energy transferred from the first battery cell via a first winding coupled to the first battery cell and for releasing the stored energy to the second battery cell via a second winding coupled to the second battery cell if the first value of the first parameter is greater than the second value of the second parameter.

Abstract: A lithium battery includes a lithium battery body, and a generating device; the generating device is fitted on one side of the lithium battery body, and it includes a motive power mechanism, and a magnetic line of force cutting mechanism; the magnetic line of force cutting mechanism is connected to wires connected to inside of the lithium battery body; the motive power mechanism has a magnetic element therein, which will move so as to cause the magnetic line of force cutting mechanism to produce an induced current to charge the lithium battery body the when the lithium battery is manually moved.

Abstract: An electrochemical device comprises a primary magnet and a secondary magnet for applying forces to magnetic entities of an electrolyte. The primary magnet is arranged to induce a magnetic moment in the magnetic entities and the secondary magnet being arranged to create a magnetic field gradient in the vicinity of the magnetic entities to control the magnetic entities. The electrochemical device may be a fuel cell such as alkaline fuel cell or a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for improving performance of fuel cells employing reformate fuels. The disclosed methods include employing a magnetically modified fuel cell and contacting the fuel cell anode with a reformate fuel stream that contains an amount of oxygen effective to increase carbon monoxide tolerance of the fuel cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a safety apparatus and a protection method of a secondary battery, which can prevent explosion and fire of the secondary battery using a switch or a rupture switch attached on the outside of the secondary battery if a swelling degree of the secondary battery reaches a predetermined value when the secondary battery is swelled due to abnormal usage such as overcharge, short-circuit, reverse-connection and heat-exposure of large-capacity lithium polymer battery.

Abstract: A battery includes multiple conductive battery plates and a complex electrolytic material located between the conductive battery plates. The battery also includes a conductive sensor wire located within the complex electrolytic material. The conductive sensor wire may be configured to generate a magnetic field within the complex electrolytic material based on an electrical signal flowing through the conductive sensor wire. The battery may further include a temperature sensor wire within the complex electrolytic material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for operating a fuel cell system (1) having a recirculation blower (11) disposed in a fuel circuit of the fuel cell system (1) by means of which the fuel (BS) exiting the fuel cell system (1) on the anode side is resupplied, said blower being driven by an air-driven drive turbine (12), wherein the air-driven drive turbine (12) is impacted by compressed air (vL).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for making magnetically modified electrodes and electrodes made according to the method. Such electrode are useful as electrodes in batteries, such as Ni-MH batteries, Ni—Cd batteries, Ni—Zn batteries and Ni—Fe batteries.

Abstract: A device for producing electrical energy having at least one ion cell can produce a magnetic field at the location of the at least one ion cell and also has at least one capacitance or an interconnection of at least two electrically connected capacitances, of which two contacts of counter pole electrodes are connected to the counter pole electrodes of the at least one ion cell, and a consumer load may be connected in parallel to the capacitance and the interconnection of capacitances, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for making magnetically modified electrodes and electrodes made according to the method. Such electrode are useful as electrodes in batteries, such as Ni-MH batteries, Ni—Cd batteries, Ni—Zn batteries and Ni—Fe batteries.

Abstract: A combined motor-battery system comprising an electric power source adapted to convert self-originating electrical current to mechanical power utilizing a set of common functional structures. Preferred embodiments include an electrochemical cell comprising field reactive electrodes that directly produce extractable mechanical forces in the presence of a magnetic field.

Abstract: An electrode for use in a flow cell is presented. The electrode includes a metal plate for collecting current in the electrode that is bonded between a first and second plate.

Abstract: A battery pack is provided which includes an antenna coil for generating a magnetic field, a battery cell and a positive pole terminal and a negative pole terminal electrically connected with the battery cell, wherein a resultant of superimposing current from the battery cell or current to the battery cell and a signal from the antenna coil or a signal to the battery is sent from the positive pole terminal or the negative pole terminal, or received from the positive pole terminal or the negative pole terminal.

Abstract: Beta and alpha-ray particles emitted by radio-isotopic by-products of nuclear fission, such as nickel 63, are used as a power source at the cathode of a microwave generating magnetron. Such particles include high speed, high energy electrons having a large EMF associated therewith. In the magnetron, a radial electrical vector, between the cathode and anode, interacts with an axial magnetic vector to produce a cloud of electrons that rotates about the magnetron axis. The speed, geometry and density of the rotating cloud may be modulated by an external RF input or grids within the interaction space of the magnetron. At the periphery of the interaction space is a polar array of anode cavities into which the rotating field induces an LC equivalent parameter that includes high energy microwaves that may be used as an input for the generation of AC or DC power.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery includes an electrode array for generating current, a case for containing the electrode array and a cap electrically connected to the electrode array through the case. The rechargeable battery also includes a current interruption device having a connection to electrically connect the electrode array and the cap assembly and a magnet proximate the connection of the current interruption device for forming a magnetic field at the connection.

Abstract: One aspect relates to a system for stacking electrodes. In various embodiments, the system comprises a working surface, a device to stack foil electrodes on the working surface during an assembly process to form an electrode stack, and a magnetic source to apply a magnetic field proximate to the working surface. The magnetic field influences at least some of the electrodes and holds the electrode stack to the working surface during the assembly process. A second aspect relates to a process for stacking electrodes. In various embodiments, the process comprises forming an electrode stack proximate to a working surface during an assembly process. The electrode stack includes two or more foil electrodes, at least one of which is magnetic. The process provides a magnetic field to influence the at least one magnetic electrode and holds the one or more electrodes to the working surface. Other aspects are provided herein.

Abstract: Energy is stored in the compression of a metastable degenerate Fermi electron gas contained in a compressed metallic base material subjected to a magnetic field in a high pressure cell. Heat energy is introduced to increase the energy of the compressed metastable degenerate Fermi electron gas. The increase in energy causes the magnetic field to increase so that the metastable degenerate Fermi electron gas is further compressed. Absorption of heat results in a decrease in the temperature. Energy can be withdrawn from The system by allowing the metastable degenerate Fermi electron gas to expand against the compressing magnetic field. To prevent development of fissures, the metallic base material is precompressed to provide an allowance for the volume of a metastable Fermi electron gas bubble to be created later.

Abstract: A combined motor-battery system comprising an electric power source adapted to convert self-originating electrical current to mechanical power utilizing a set of common functional structures. Preferred embodiments include an electrochemical cell comprising field reactive electrodes that directly produce extractable mechanical forces in the presence of a magnetic field.

Abstract: The fuel cell, generating electric power from oxygen and hydrogen ions and comprising an anode (A), a magnetic cathode, comprising an active layer (2),and a proton electrolyte (1) between the anode and the cathode, comprises a network (3) of permanent magnets (4) designed to increase the diffusion of oxygen in the active layer. The centers of the magnets (4) of the network (3) of permanent magnets are preferably arranged with a two-dimensional distribution in a plane arranged at the interface between the electrolyte (1) and the active layer (2), the magnets being magnetized in parallel manner along the axis perpendicular to this plane. In this way, all the poles of one polarity (S) are surrounded by the active layer (2), all the poles of opposite polarity (N) being surrounded by the electrolyte (1).

Abstract: A fuel cell module includes a number of series-connected fuel cells which collectively form a fuel cell stack in such a way that the magnetic field or stray field that is generated during the operation of the fuel cell module and that is detectable in an outer area is kept particularly small. To this end, the invention provides that a number of shielding lines that are connected to a first pole flange of the fuel cell stack are provided, these shielding lines being guided on the outer area of the fuel cell stack, as far as a contact area to a second pole flange of the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a power generation unit successful in equalizing flow rates of fluids flowing through individual flow paths of a power generation cell, and is to provide a fuel cell which can flexibly be adapted to required power generation capacity, geometry. The power generation unit of the present invention comprises a power generation cell which is composed of a joint component of a pair of electrodes and an electrolyte component held between the electrodes, and a flow path forming component having a flow path allowing a fluid supplied to the joint component to flow therethrough; and a fluid conveyance apparatus having an opening commonly functioning as an intake port and a discharge port of the fluid. This enables equalizing of the flow rates of the fluid flowing in the flow path, resulting in equalization of flow rates of the fluids flowing through the individual flow paths.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes a first cell, a second cell and a barrier isolating a fluid in the first cell from the second cell in which the barrier, in response to an activation signal, changes to a second state to allow the fluid to pass into the second cell and activate the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed at a method and system for recharging batteries for wireless electronic devices. According to one embodiment, a rechargeable battery is adapted to couple with a wireless electronic device at a wide range of power parameters. The rechargeable battery includes a battery core configured to house battery chemicals that can be swapped when the battery core needs to be replaced. The battery includes a battery electrical component configured to monitor the battery core and configured to communicate with the electronic device using communications signals sent along an electrical path between the electronic device and the battery electrical component. The battery includes a battery end-cap configured to house at least a portion of the battery electrical component and a battery outer shell configured to fit over at least the battery core and configured to provide physical protection to at least the battery core.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel methods for affecting, controlling and/or directing various reactions and/or reaction pathways or systems by exposing one or more components in a fuel cell reaction system to at least one spectral energy pattern. In a first aspect of the invention, at least one spectral energy pattern can be applied to a fuel cell reaction system. In a second aspect of the invention, at least one spectral energy conditioning pattern can be applied to a conditioning reaction system. The spectral energy conditioning pattern can, for example, be applied at a separate location from the reaction vessel (e.g., in a conditioning reaction vessel) or can be applied in (or to) the reaction vessel, but prior to other reaction system participants being introduced into the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A thin battery (100) has a central portion (110) and two end portions (120). One of the two end portions includes a positive voltage connection (121) exposed on both the top and bottom surfaces of the battery. The other one of the two end portions includes a negative voltage connection (122) exposed on both the top and bottom surfaces of the battery. Each of the end portions (120) includes a magnetic element having a north magnetic pole on one of the top or bottom surface of the battery and a south magnetic pole on the other one of the top or bottom surface of the battery. Multiple batteries may be connected to each other through magnetic attraction. The battery may be securely attached and electrically connected to a garment (1000) using positive and negative conductive surfaces/contacts (1010, 1020) on a fiber layer of the garment and a corresponding magnetic element (1050) beneath the conductive surfaces/contacts that attracts and secures the battery in place.

Abstract: A combined motor-battery system comprising an electric power source adapted to convert self-originating electrical current to mechanical power utilizing a set of common functional structures. Preferred embodiments include an electrochemical cell comprising field reactive electrodes that directly produce extractable mechanical forces in the presence of a magnetic field.

Abstract: A leak in a fuel cell module can allow hydrogen and/or oxygen to escape from the fuel cell module, thereby creating a high risk of fire or explosion. This problem is addressed by providing a fuel cell installation with a fuel cell module that is enclosed in a gas-tight pressure container. Filling the pressure container with a protective gas ensures that if the fuel cell module does leak, no operating gas can escape from the module, with protective gas entering the module instead. A leak therefore no longer poses a risk. The leak can also be identified and located by a voltage drop in the cells affected by the leak.

Abstract: A method and system of energy storage in which energy is stored in the compression of a metastable degenerate Fermi electron gas contained in a compressed metallic base material such as lithium in a high pressure cell which is subjected to a magnetic field to further compress the metastable degenerate Fermi electron gas. In operation, heat energy is introduced to increase the energy of the compressed metastable degenerate Fermi electron gas which causes the magnetic field associated therewith to increase to further compress the metastable degenerate Fermi electron gas, which causes the heat to be absorbed and results in a decrease in the temperature thereof. Energy can be withdrawn from the system by allowing the metastable degenerate Fermi electron gas to expand against the compressing magnetic field. The lithium is precompressed prior to cryogenic cooling thereof.

Abstract: A lithium battery includes a lithium battery body, and a generating device; the generating device is fitted on one side of the lithium battery body, and it includes a motive power mechanism, and a magnetic line of force cutting mechanism; the magnetic line of force cutting mechanism is connected to wires connected to inside of the lithium battery body; the motive power mechanism has a magnetic element therein, which will move so as to cause the magnetic line of force cutting mechanism to produce an induced current to charge the lithium battery body the when the lithium battery is manually moved.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method and corresponding devices for controlled transport of magnetic beads between a position X and different position Y, such that the magnetic beads are manipulated or transported by applying successively a series of N local magnetic fields which have magnetic field gradients different from 0 in the neighborhood of said magnetic beads. Each of these N local magnetic fields is generated by a single current carrying structure, in which the current density is not constant. The invention mainly points to application in the domain of biochips and microarrays, used in diagnostics, genetics and molecular studies.

Abstract: Disclosed are magnetically modified electrodes containing at least one catalyst component that mediates a subatomic particle transfer process. Also disclosed are magnetically modified electrodes containing metalloproteins (metalloenzymes).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of increasing fuel cell efficiency, power output, or reduced-temperature operation by directing an external magnetic field to a fuel cell cathode.

Abstract: An anode stream recirculation system for a fuel cell, the fuel cell including an anode gas input and an anode gas output, the anode stream recirculation system comprising: an anode gas supply; a switch connected with the anode gas supply; a pressure regulating device connected between the switch and the anode gas input of the fuel cell; a diaphragm pump connected between the anode gas output and the anode gas input of the fuel cell thereby forming an anode gas recirculation; wherein the diaphragm pump has at least a sensor electrically connected with the switch.

Abstract: Disclosed are magnetically modified electrodes containing at least one catalyst component that mediates a subatomic particle transfer process. Also disclosed are magnetically modified electrodes containing metalloproteins (metalloenzymes).

Abstract: A method of producing concentration cells applicable to generating electricity. An external field is used to cause a translational displacement of small-volumed concentration differences that are existent within a heterogeneous fluid, to create a concentration cell between various electrodes in contact with the fluid. The field can be gravitational, magnetic, electric, or a combination. In some embodiments, field sources are preset to focus the displacement of the small volumes near localized regions surrounding preselected electrodes.

Abstract: A magnetization method and apparatus is described as utilizing a pair of mechanically counter-vibrated permanent magnets having mutually facing unlike magnetic poles, and wherein a ferromagnetic article, or article containing ferromagnetic elements in close-set array, is placed for subjection to pulsed magnetizing flux between the pair of counter-vibrated magnets. Uses of the invention include making magnets and modifying the current drain property of a multi-plate nickel-metal hydride battery.

Abstract: A system for separating a gaseous constituent from a gaseous mixture includes a substantially sealed passageway extending between a first exhaust port and a second exhaust port. An entry port for a gas mixture to be separated opens into the passageway. At least three gas-permeable electrodes are disposed across the passageway at intervals. The electrodes divide the passageway into multiple sections. Each section is bounded at opposing ends by an electrode, and the sections are disposed in serial fashion through at least a portion of the passageway. A high-voltage static electric field may be applied to opposing electrodes of one or more sections. When voltage is so applied, gas may be drawn through a static electric field in one or more sections, by applying suction to the exhaust ports.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of increasing fuel cell efficiency, power output, or reduced-temperature operation by directing an external magnetic field to a fuel cell cathode.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for making magnetically modified electrodes and electrodes made according to the method. Such electrode are useful as electrodes in batteries, such as Ni-MH batteries, Ni—Cd batteries, Ni—Zn batteries and Ni—Fe batteries.

Abstract: A method of transferring hydrogen gas in PEM fuel cell systems and assembly of hydrogen atoms is presented. The operation of PEM fuel cells to produce electricity is of great value and offers much promise for the future. PEM fuel cell systems have traditionally operated using hydrogen and oxygen/air to produce electricity, heat, and water through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen/air.

Abstract: A method of producing concentration cells applicable to generating electricity. An external field is used to cause a translational displacement of small-volumed concentration differences that are existent within a heterogeneous fluid, to create a concentration cell between various electrodes in contact with the fluid. The field can be gravitational, magnetic, electric, or a combination. In some embodiments, field sources are preset to focus the displacement of the small volumes near localized regions surrounding preselected electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous electrolyte solution absorber including an aqueous electrolyte solution absorbent polymer obtained by introducing a hydrophilic polar group to a water insoluble polymer and a material to be sucked. The aqueous electrolyte solution absorber is produced by filling a water permeable bag type member with the aqueous electrolyte solution absorbent polymer obtained by introducing the hydrophilic polar group to the water insoluble polymer and a material to be sucked. The aqueous electrolyte solution absorber is inexpensive and has a high safety, a broad applicable range and a good handling property upon transportation or storage. Thus, a large amount of aqueous electrolyte solution absorbers can be rapidly conveyed at one time even to a risky place where persons are endangered to convey the absorbers.