Abstract: A battery pack utilizes a battery pack contact assembly to ensure a good connection between the battery pack and the device being powered by the battery pack. The contact assembly includes a carrier, a first contact integral with the carrier, and a second contact integral with the carrier stamped from a conducting weldable material. A score line is provided between the carrier and the contacts. A selected portion of the contacts is plated with gold, defining an exposed weldable surface and a selectively plated surface. During assembly, the exposed weldable surface is welded to positive and negative terminal poles of the battery pack, and the carrier is fatigued along the score lines and removed. The resulting contacts are securely attached to the terminal poles of the battery pack and provide a gold-plated surface for contact with the battery pack powered device.

Abstract: A device for a battery with a spacer preventing direct physical contact between first and second batteries arranged in physical series. A resilient conductor providing an electroconductive contact between a center electrode of the first battery and a terminal electrode of the second battery is held by the spacer.

Abstract: An electrical apparatus houses batteries mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) via conducting tabs with cylindrical insertion sections. The cylindrical insertion sections fit into circular holes in the PCB or into cylindrical sockets soldered into PCB holes. Battery attachment can either be permanent by soldering tabs into the holes or removable by tab insertion into sockets. Removable attachment allows easy battery recovery for recycling. Utilizing the elasticity of sheet metal and cylindrical shaped tabs provides more secure battery attachment resulting in good shock and vibration resistance, and contact over a cylindrical surface insures good electrical connection.

Abstract: A device for a battery with a spacer preventing direct physical contact between first and second batteries arranged in physical series. A resilient conductor providing an electroconductive contact between a center electrode of the first battery and a terminal electrode of the second battery is held by the spacer.

Abstract: In accordance with this invention, a novel stick-on peel-off fastener, comprising one or more conductive sticky elements, sandwiched between one or more terminals of a first object such as an electrical device and one or more terminals of a second object such as battery, can keep the battery affixed to the electrical device while the battery supplies power to the electrical device. One embodiment of a conductive sticky element includes a layer of conductive adhesive, such as a polymer resin that has a number of microscopic silver filings. Another embodiment of a conductive sticky element includes a number of hooks, such as those in Velcro.TM. elements. Yet another embodiment of a conductive sticky element includes a magnet that when used with another magnet, prevents improper coupling of the two objects due to magnetic repulsion.

Abstract: A battery adapter for adapting a large capacity battery to a hand phone so as to supply power thereto in the case that the power of the hand phone battery is insufficient and it is impossible to charge the battery. The battery adapter includes an adapter and an imitative battery. The adapter has a mating face for mating with a large capacity battery. The mating face is disposed with more than one set of positive and negative electrodes connected to a lead wire. The lead wire extends from one side of the adapter to the imitative battery. The imitative battery has a shape similar to that of the battery for the hand phone and a mating face for mating with the hand phone. The mating face is disposed with several power terminals connected to the lead wire. When used, the large capacity battery is engaged on the mating face of the adapter and the imitative battery is engaged on the mating face of the hand phone so that the large capacity battery can supply power to the hand phone for long term of use.

Abstract: A battery pack (20) holds one or more batteries (118) and connects to a mobile telephone (115). The battery pack includes a case (22) for holding the batteries, a recharging circuit (122) disposed in the case, a plug (86) rotatably connected to the case and electrically connected to the recharging circuit, and electrical terminals 46 mounted to the case. The plug includes a pair of generally parallel, spaced prongs (88). The plug rotates from a first position, having the prongs projecting from the case, to a second position having the prongs retracted into the case. Electrical leads (47) extend from each of the electrical terminals to battery terminals. A pair of contacts (110) and (112) spaced from another, interrupts each of the electrical leads. When the prongs retract, each electrical contact of a contact pair electrically connects to one another through a prong. When the prongs extend, the electrical contacts are disconnected from one another.

Abstract: A battery connection comprises a battery post protruding from a battery and a battery terminal for clamping connection with the battery post. The battery post has a base and a shaft extending therefrom, and the battery terminal has a clamping ring for surrounding the shaft and a flange extending from the lower edge of the clamping ring for contacting the upper surface of the base. Alternating grooves and ridges are formed on the underside of the flange to provide increased frictional engagement with the base and so inhibit rotation of the terminal relative to the base. Alignment tabs project downwardly from the flange to engage receptacles formed in the surface of the base when the terminal is in a desired angular alignment with the base.

Abstract: A storage battery and handle assembly includes a battery housing having a pair of side walls, a pair of end walls, a bottom wall and a cover. Each end wall has a socket formed by a pair of flanges parallel to and spaced from the one end wall, the flanges having edges facing each other and defining a narrow slot therebetween opening into a wider slot formed by the flanges and the end wall. The end wall is also provided with a horizontal rib located below but in general vertical alignment with the wider slot. A flexible strap with relatively rigid connectors at each end thereof is employed, each connector including a plate portion with a strip extending across a bottom of the plate portion, the strip extending beyond side edges and a front face of the plate portion, and lying flush with a back face of the plate portion, thereby forming a smooth horizontal shoulder extending across the front face of the plate portion.

Abstract: The invention discloses an element (1; 201) to cover the connectors (2) connecting the poles (31, 32) of the elements of an electric accumulator (3) and consists of a hollow body (10) which receives the body (20) of one of said connectors (2). At least one part of said hollow body (10) presents a shaped profile (17) suited to realize an elastically flexible structure which allows the variation of the length of said covering element (1), whenever it is strained by an axial force (18). Said variation of length allows the coupling of the same covering element (1; 201) with connectors (2) presenting lengths differing from one another.

Abstract: A battery connection apparatus for gang-connecting batteries together includes a terminal on a battery and a connector coupled to the terminal. The connector and terminal are resiliently snap-fitted to one another. The apparatus employs what may be termed a "ball-and-socket" arrangement in which a male portion (whether on the battery or on the connector) snap-fits into a female portion. Resiliency is provided by "springy" split finger pieces or by a compressed resilient core-like component. Using the new apparatus, batteries may be gang-connected horizontally or vertically and, essentially, without the use of tools.

Abstract: An electrical power distribution module for use with an automotive vehicle electrical system is adapted to be mounted on the top surface of a standard automotive lead-acid storage battery and connect with a battery terminal extending therefrom. The power distribution module includes a battery post connecting assembly for housing a terminal connector for making electrical connections with the battery terminal and alternator and starter cables, a fuse block for receiving a plurality of fuses associated with separate vehicle electrical circuits, and a harness guide channel for routing a plurality of wires which connect the fuses with their associated circuits. The power distribution module is mounted to lay flat on top of the battery's upper surface with the battery terminal extending upwardly into the module to be engaged by the battery terminal connector.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of electric power assisted bicycles including a battery case arrangement that is comprised of inner and outer cases with the inner case receiving the batteries. In this way, the batteries are protected from the elements and yet can be conveniently and easily detached and carried to a remote location for charging.

Abstract: An electrode post connection structure for connecting a connection conductor to an electrode post of a battery through a connection fitting, which includes a lock stage portion formed on a circumference of the electrode post, a tapered portion formed at a top portion of the electrode post, a lock spring inserted in the connection fitting so as to engage with the lock stage portion to thereby lock the electrode post and the connection fitting with each other, and a hollow elastic body accommodated in the connection fitting so as to press the connection conductor to thereby connect the electrode post and the connection conductor to each other. Thus, work for connecting a connection conductor to an electrode post of a battery is simplified, and the electric characteristic and reliability of the connection are improved greatly.

Abstract: A lead terminal post extending upward through the top of an insulator wall of a battery includes a plurality of flat vertical sides fused continuously from its top to below the top of the insulator wall, to a harder, metallic, cap having a plurality of flat vertical sides. The metallic cap is covered with a plastic cap that extends below the metallic cap, below the top of the insulator wall, and is sealed to the insulator wall. A terminal bar having parallel walls extends from a flat wall of the cap, through the plastic cap, normal to the flat wall, and contains a removably mounted connector having a leaf spring connection with the terminal bar and an element within the connector adjacent to and connected to the leaf spring, that prevents horizontal rotation of the connector on the bar. A plastic overseal on the connector makes a seal with the plastic cap when the connector is fully mounted on the terminal bar.

Abstract: An electrical connector (20) for connecting a battery post (25) to a wire (30) is described. The electrical connector (20) comprises a U-shaped clamp (35) having (i) a concave portion (40) sized to hold the battery post (25); and (ii) opposing first and second legs (45), (50) extending from the concave portion. The first leg (45) has a first hole (55) therethrough, and the second leg (50) has a second hole (60) that is substantially aligned with the first hole. Unitary compression means extending through the first and second holes of the U-shaped clamp, is provided for (i) compressing a wire against the U-shaped clamp, and (ii) compression fitting the U-shaped clamp about the battery post. In a preferred configuration, the unitary compression means comprises a wire holding compression stud (65) extending through the first hole (55) and second hole (60), and fastening means for tightening the stud (65) on the U-shaped clamp (35).

Abstract: An electrical interface (125, 215) interconnects an electrical device (110) with a removable battery package (120). The electrical interface (125, 215) includes deflectable cantilever contacts (260) that are preferably located within the battery package (120). Each cantilever contact (260) has a portion (261) anchored to a substrate (250), and a deflectable portion (262) biased against a housing member (240), which deflectable portion (262) is externally accessible via a slot (248) within the housing member (240). Preferably, the cantilever contacts (260) are located within a recessed area (245) on an interior surface (241) of the housing member (240). A corresponding projection (346) extends externally on the housing member (240). The external projection (346) facilitates a plug and socket arrangement for mating the battery (120) to the electrical device (110).

Abstract: An improved battery, an improved battery contact assembly and an improved method for attaching a battery to a substrate are provided. The battery includes a housing and a cover for attachment to the housing by crimping. During the crimping process a portion of the housing is bent over a portion of the cover such that a portion of the housing is substantially co-planar with a portion of the cover. Thus the two co-planar surfaces provide the positive and negative contact surfaces of the battery on a single side of the battery. The receiving portion of the contact assembly includes a substrate having a pair of contacts formed thereon. The contacts are shaped and sized to match the contact surfaces of the battery. The battery is attached to the substrate and traces using an electrically conducting adhesive.

Abstract: Apparatus for accessing the power of a battery or batteries situated in the battery compartment of a first electrical device including a flexible sheet or strip member which is situated in the battery compartment of the first electrical device before the battery or batteries are inserted, a first pair of electrically conductive contact zones on opposed sheet member surfaces in aligned and electrically coupled relationship with each other, a second pair of electrically conductive contact zones on opposed sheet member surfaces in aligned and electrically coupled relationship with each other and electrically insulated from the contact zones of the first pair, and conductors for electrically connecting the coupled and aligned contact zones of the first pair and the coupled and aligned contact zones of the second pair into an electrical circuit for operating a second electrical device.

Abstract: In accordance with this invention, a novel stick-on peel-off fastener, comprising one or more conductive sticky elements, sandwiched between one or more terminals of a first object such as an electrical device and one or more terminals of a second object such as battery, can keep the battery affixed to the electrical device while the battery supplies power to the electrical device. One embodiment of a conductive sticky element includes a layer of conductive adhesive, such as a polymer resin that has a number of microscopic silver filings. Another embodiment of a conductive sticky element includes a number of hooks, such as those in Velcro.TM. elements. Yet another embodiment of a conductive sticky element includes a magnet that when used with another magnet, prevents improper coupling of the two objects due to magnetic repulsion.

Abstract: A coupling for connecting a battery to a battery charger of a replacement station for electric road vehicles equipped with exchangeable batteries receivable upon a roller conveyor associated with the replacement station, or to a battery charger of the owner of the vehicle, includes corresponding terminal strips associated with the battery and with the battery charger having plugs and sockets for electrical connection, and optionally for connection with an air supply and a water refilling device. The plugs and sockets are suitably connected to the battery with cables and hoses. The correspondingly adjusted terminal strip arranged at the charging position in the replacement station is provided with corresponding sockets and plugs, and has additional guide pins for engaging corresponding guide openings in the battery terminal strip. These various structures are automatically connected when the battery is advanced along the roller conveyor.

Abstract: A battery having an integral recharger is described. The battery has a cell, a casing, terminals, recharging circuitry and a flexible power connector.

Abstract: A dry battery includes a cylindrical housing, a first end plate and an electrode. The electrode protrudes from the first end plate and includes a tip end plate and a cylindrical side wall. The cylindrical housing, the first end plate, the tipe end plate and the cylindrical side wall each made of a conductive material are electically connected with each other so as to form a first conductive surface. A first contactor of an electrical power source circuit is arranged to come in contact with a part of the first conductive surface other than the tip end plate.

Abstract: A battery closure apparatus for a multi-cell storage battery includes a cap assembly for the simultaneous rotation of a plurality of caps within receptacles on the multi-cell storage battery. The apparatus includes a plurality of caps pivotally attached to a pair of elongate arms. A grip member is coupled to the cap assembly. Application of force to the grip member will simultaneously rotate each cap to releasably secure the caps to the battery receptacles.

Abstract: A battery contact and shielded enclosure having a high frequency energy filtering characteristic includes a battery contact having a movable portion and a fixed portion, the fixed portion mechanically coupled to a dielectric portion of a carrier having a conductive portion, and a chip capacitor electrically coupled between the fixed portion and the conductive portion the chip capacitor providing a low impedance path from the fixed portion to the conductive portion for high frequency energy on the battery contact.

Abstract: A joint assembly for electrically engaging a portable computer with a battery includes a first joint and a second joint. The first joint includes a first portion which defines at least one aperture and a second portion which defines a recess so that the aperture is in communication with the recess. A metal cylinder is received in the aperture and defines a closed end and an open end. A pin projects from the closed end of the metal cylinder and is soldered to a printed circuit board of the portable computer. A spring is received in the metal cylinder. A piston is slidably received in the cylinder. A male connector projects from the piston. The second joint defines at least one aperture. A female connector is received in the aperture which is defined in the second joint. A pin projects from the female connector and is soldered to the battery. The spring biases the male connector into firm engagement with the female connector when the second joint is received in the recess which is defined in the first joint.

Abstract: A method of forming a battery terminal of the type having an electrically conductive screw encased within a conductive material casting such as lead. The preferred method uses a pair of die halves axially aligned with one another. A casting of a battery terminal having upper and lower terminal portions is provided, along with an electrically conductive post or screw. The casting and screw are placed between the die halves. The die halves are compressively forced against one another. A forging cone causes the casting to be forced into the thread spaces of the screw or against the surface of the post and changes the exterior angle of the casting.

Abstract: A battery terminal clamp that clamps firmly to the battery post by tightening a bolt from the horizontal direction to improve the productivity of the bolt tightening operation. The battery terminal clamp has, on a terminal clamp main body, a ring-shaped post fitting member continuous to the cable fitting member, and a pair of right and left tightening members continuous to the respective free ends of the post fitting member and having a gap therebetween. The tightening members are brought together by a nut and bolt to close the free ends of the post fitting member continuous thereto, thus clamping the battery terminal to the outside circumference of the battery post. The pair of right and left tightening members projecting from the post fitting member are provided at a rising slope of a predetermined angle to the post fitting member.

Abstract: A battery terminal includes a main member and ring member, each made from a conductive metal. A stud bolt for cable connection projects from the main member. A post fitting is provided in the ring member. The ring member is placed on top of the main member with one end of the ring member supported by the main member and the other end at an angle floating free above the main member. This other end is passed over the stud bolt and the post fitting of the ring member is fit over the battery post. The battery cable terminals are fit onto the stud bolt. When the nut is tightened on the stud bolt, the terminals are tightened against the ring member, which is at an angle to the battery post, and the post fitting of the ring member is forced down and clamped against the battery post. Thus, securing the battery terminal to the battery post and securing the cable terminals to the battery terminal can be simultaneously completed by a single thread tightening operation.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a generally rectangular case formed by a bottom wall and a generally planar top wall. The top and bottom walls are separated by a pair of parallel side walls that are substantially normal to the top and bottom walls, and by first and second parallel end walls that are substantially normal to the top, bottom, and side walls. A portion of one end wall overhangs the remaining portion of the end wall, and the overhanging portion contains electrical contacts for the battery pack. The electrical contacts are recessed below the outer surface of the battery pack to reduce the likelihood of inadvertent short circuitry of the contacts. The battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells interconnected with circuit components to protect the battery pack during use and recharging.

Abstract: An arrangement for mounting a battery monitoring circuit on the cover of the battery and for connecting the terminal ends of first and second lead wires of a battery monitoring circuit to the positive and negative terminals of the battery, the arrangement including a cavity formed in the battery cover for mounting the battery monitoring circuit, first and second battery terminal bushings which are molded integrally with the cover and are adapted to be mounted on and connected to the positive and negative battery terminals when the battery cover is installed on the battery, each of the battery terminal bushings including a pad having an upwardly directed mounting post that is adapted to receive and secure the terminal end of one of the lead wires of the battery monitoring circuit, the battery cover having first and second lead wire slots in its surface which extend from the cavity in which the battery monitoring circuit is mounted, to the locations of the battery terminal bushings for directing the lead wires

Abstract: An electrode terminal holder is disclosed for holding two electrode terminals in contact with battery terminals of a power unit and for fixing the electrode terminals to a housing of the power unit. The electrode holder includes a first electrode holding portion and a second electrode holding portion for mounting the electrode terminals onto the first electrode terminal holding portion. The first and second electrode terminal holding portions having engaging portions for integrally coupling the first and second electrode terminal holding portions. The first electrode terminal holding portion has electrode terminal insertion holes provided at their inner surfaces with support walls for the electrode terminals. The the second electrode terminal holding portion has pressure pieces for the electrode terminals against the support walls of the electrode terminal insertion holes when the engaging portions are engaged.

Abstract: A battery cap to be pressed onto the battery terminal and battery clamp of an automobile when acid corrosion on the terminal and clamp has interrupted electrical contact due to the buildup of corrosion products, to restore electrical conduction. Within the cap there is an electrically-conducting metal wire pad adhering to its top which makes electrical contact with the battery terminal post and the battery clamp. Optionally, a wire brush may be mounted on the cap to enable the user to brush corrosion products from the battery post and clamp before placement of the cap thereon.

Abstract: A storage battery has a top end which is provided with a depression to receive a pair of sockets that are connected electrically to positive and negative cables of the storage battery, and a surrounding wall which confines the top end. The surrounding wall has a pair of through-holes to permit extension of the cables therethrough so as to connect with a connector.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a protective terminal structure for a battery post which includes a protective cap member, an upstanding stud member for receiving a battery cable connector, and a locking nut for fastening the battery cable connector to the stud member. In addition, it includes a grease fitting with passageways for providing grease or lubricant to the battery post within the protective cap member. The cap member is preferably formed of tellurium copper and is color coded to indicate a positive or negative battery post.

Abstract: A storage battery has a top end which is provided with a depression to receive a pair of sockets that are connected electrically to negative and positive terminal ends of the storage battery, and a protective cover lid that covers the top end. The depression is opened at one side thereof to permit access into the same. The cover lid has a plug seat which is formed therethrough. A fuse plug is received in the plug seat and has two legs which extend slidingly into the sockets. The cover lid further has a shielding plate to deny access into the depression.

Abstract: A housing is arranged to mount a battery therewithin to effect selective and continuous recharging of the battery in a sealed manner. To this end, external contacts are arranged for communication with the battery maintaining the battery in a sealed orientation within the housing during a charging procedure. The organization is arranged to further include a volt meter and optional accessories as desired.

Abstract: A modular battery rack system consists of a series of bi-polar cells having individualized connections for monitoring, charging, discharging, and electrical illumination of weak or damaged cells. Each bi-polar cell has a first surface and a second surface with the first surface being configured to interlock with the second surface of an adjacent cell. The configuration consists of a series of raised ribs on the first plate which interfit with a series of elongated indentations on the second surface of an adjacent cell to prevent the improper installation of a cell.

Abstract: A flexible welding board for a battery pack, which is a polyester film with a laminated nickel alloy material. The polyester film with a co-extruded polymer adhesive includes a laminated nickel alloy thereon. The nickel alloy is subsequently silk screened with a pattern, and etched providing a flexible welding board for the welding of components of a battery pack, including the battery cells, electrical components and the electromechanical components which are spot-welded thereto. The entire process can be done robotically providing a battery pack which has electromechanical integrity between the battery cells, components, flexible welding board and the battery pack housing.

Abstract: A battery pack comprises a first housing member (104) having an integrated latch feature (103), a header frame (111) detachably mounted to the first housing member, a plurality of cells (112) for insertion into the header frame and first housing member, circuitry on the header for coupling the plurality of cells and providing charger and power contacts, and a second housing member (102) being substantially laminar and being adhesively attached to said first housing member.

Abstract: A device for providing power from a non-standard battery or batteries to a battery operated device powered by one or more batteries contained within a battery compartment.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a device which may be used as a substitute for one or more of a plurality of DC batteries used as a power source. The device includes an electrically conducting elongated structure which is sized such that it forms an electrical contact with a DC battery contained in a battery compartment or a battery compartment. In one embodiment, the elongated structure includes a permanent magnet which is capable of replacing one or more of a plurality of DC batteries used as a power source and of extending the life of the batteries used. In an alternate embodiment, the elongated structure is electrically conducting.

Abstract: An acid-neutralizing battery mat is produced that is useful in preventing or reducing corrosion caused by leaking batteries. The mat is placed underneath a wet cell storage battery and is designed to absorb and neutralize acid which may escape from the battery. The mat is comprised of a porous fibrous base material of needled polypropylene felt which is impregnated with an alkaline substance and a polymer binder. The mat has a sufficient absorbency so that as the acid reaches the mat, it is disbursed throughout a wide area and neutralized by the alkaline substance. The dimensions of the mat are such that a portion of the mat extends beyond at least one bottom edge of the battery. The mat not only protects against acid induced corrosion but also protects the environment from acid contaminants.

Abstract: A storage battery having a housing with a plurality of contact forks which are opposite a switch disposed on the housing. The switch has a slider which slidably guides a portion of the switch inside the housing in a direction transverse to the housing longitudinal axis. A locking piece is resiliently fixed in the housing and holds the switch in place while allowing it to slide such that the switch is electrically connected and disconnected to the forks.

Abstract: The top of a lead-acid cell electric battery is closed by a plastic closure plate having hingedly coupled thereto a pivotable attachment angularly movable about a horizontal pivot axis through a range of angular position between upright and folded down positions at opposite ends of the range. The attachment consists primarily of a planar plastic board having a cut-out therein. When upright, the board is usable as a handle to lift the battery. When in folded-down position the board overlies the battery terminals, and sections of cable conductors connected to such terminals, to protect the overlain elements. Further, the board is received in a recess in the plate so that the board's upper surface is coplanar and horizontal with the plate's upper surface to the board's rear. Those two surfaces are adapted to share the load of an overlying battery.

Abstract: A battery having a filling part and a pair of tab terminals on a convex portion of an upper surface of a cover so as to enable a connecting operation by mounting a receptacle housing of faston terminal type, and a manufacturing method for the cover for use in the battery. [1] A battery, in which projecting ends of the pair of tab terminals are located with the filling part positioned between them and are projected in the same side in a longitudinal direction so that the projecting ends are positioned on an upper surface of the cover.

Abstract: A data processing device has a battery compartment in which a battery is fastened by a releasible latch. A manually actuated eject button is used to release the battery. A light is source is placed in or near the eject button and provides, when illuminated, a light signal warning the user not to eject the battery. The eject button is covered by a door, and both the door and button are designed for two handed operation which, in addition to preventing accidental actuation of the button, forces the user to concentrate attention on the eject button and warning light.

Abstract: A contact device including a cylindrical battery which has a circular terminal and a projecting terminal at opposite ends, the projecting terminal having a diameter smaller than that of the circular terminal and having a polarity opposite that of the circular terminal. A battery receptacle has a pair of electrodes to which the respective terminals of the battery are connected when the battery is loaded in the battery receptacle, and a malconnection prevention projection which permits one of the electrodes of the battery receptacle to be electrically connected to the circular terminal of the battery and prevents the one electrode of the battery receptacle from being electrically connected to the projecting terminal of the battery.

Abstract: A battery pack (10) comprises a housing having two members (2 and 4), a header frame (11), detachably mounted on at least one of the members of the housing, a plurality of cells (12) for insertion into the header frame, a plurality of leaded electronic components (30 and 40) on the header frame, and circuitry (21 and 22) on the header frame for providing intercell connections, battery contacts, charger contacts and for providing weldless circuit connections for the plurality of leaded electronic components.

Abstract: Short circuit between a lead terminal for a negative electrode and a positive electrode can of a coin type cell can be prevented by providing a protuberance for preventing short circuit on a part of the lead terminal for the negative electrode which part is to be positioned over an area where the lead terminal for the negative electrode and the positive electrode can are present adjacent to each other.