Complex Oxide (e.g., M M O , Etc.) Patents (Class 429/489)
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Publication number: 20140234752Abstract: A composite metal oxide represented by the formula Ma1?xMbxMcO4+x/2, wherein Ma is at least one element selected from alkaline earth metals, Mb is at least one element selected from lanthanoids, Mc is at least one element selected from Mo and W, and x is from about 0.1 to about 0.5.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 22, 2013Publication date: August 21, 2014Applicant: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Inventors: Hee-jung PARK, Chan KWAK, Sung-jin AHN, Doh-won JUNG
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Patent number: 8802316Abstract: Solid-oxide fuel cells include an electrolyte and an anode electrically coupled to a first surface of the electrolyte. A cathode is provided, which is electrically coupled to a second surface of the electrolyte. The cathode includes a porous backbone having a porosity in a range from about 20% to about 70%. The porous backbone contains a mixed ionic-electronic conductor (MIEC) of a first material infiltrated with an oxygen-reducing catalyst of a second material different from the first material.Type: GrantFiled: July 16, 2010Date of Patent: August 12, 2014Assignee: U.S. Department of EnergyInventors: Meilin Liu, Ze Liu, Mingfei Liu, Lifang Nie, David Spencer Mebane, Lane Curtis Wilson, Wayne Surdoval
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Patent number: 8802321Abstract: The present invention provides a graded multilayer structure, comprising a support layer (1) and at least 10 layers (2, 3) forming a graded layer, wherein each of the at least 10 layers (2, 3) is at least partially in contact with the support layer (1), wherein the at least 10 layers (2, 3) differ from each other in at least one property selected from layer composition, porosity and conductivity, and wherein the at least 10 layers (2, 3) are arranged such that the layer composition, porosity and/or conductivity horizontally to the support layer (1) forms a gradient over the total layer area.Type: GrantFiled: August 14, 2008Date of Patent: August 12, 2014Assignee: Technical University of DenmarkInventors: Peter Halvor Larsen, Peter Vang Hendriksen, Soren Linderoth, Mogens Mogensen
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Patent number: 8778560Abstract: In accordance with the present disclosure, a method for fabricating a symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell is described. The method includes synthesizing a composition comprising perovskite and applying the composition on an electrolyte support to form both an anode and a cathode.Type: GrantFiled: February 3, 2011Date of Patent: July 15, 2014Assignee: University of South CarolinaInventors: Fanglin Chen, Qiang Liu
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Publication number: 20140141358Abstract: Provided are a solid oxide fuel cell including: an anode support; a solid electrolyte layer formed on the anode support; and a composite cathode layer formed on the solid electrolyte layer, wherein the composite cathode layer is a porous sintered phase comprising an electrode material and an electrolyte material and a method for preparing same. The solid oxide fuel cell which includes a post-heat-treated nanocomposite cathode, which exhibits high interfacial strength and superior conductivity, exhibits superior power efficiency as well as superior durability.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 15, 2013Publication date: May 22, 2014Applicant: KOREA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYInventor: KOREA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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Patent number: 8722278Abstract: Disclosed is a solid oxide fuel cell that has a high initial power generation performance and a good power generation durability. The fuel cell comprises at least a fuel electrode, an electrolyte, an air electrode, and a current collecting part disposed on the air electrode, wherein the current collecting part comprises an electroconductive metal and an oxide, the electroconductive metal is silver and palladium, the oxide is a perovskite oxide, and the content of the oxide is more than 0 (zero) and less than 0.111 in terms of weight ratio to the electroconductive metal.Type: GrantFiled: October 15, 2009Date of Patent: May 13, 2014Assignee: Toto Ltd.Inventors: Hiroshi Niimi, Akira Kawakami, Yutaka Momiyama, Shuichiro Saigan
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Patent number: 8715886Abstract: The invention is a novel solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack comprising individual bi-electrode supported fuel cells in which an electrolyte layer is supported between porous electrodes. The porous electrodes may be made from graded pore ceramic tape that has been created by the freeze cast method followed by freeze-drying. Each piece of graded pore tape later becomes a graded pore electrode scaffold that, subsequent to sintering, is made into either an anode or a cathode. The electrode scaffold comprising the anode includes a layer of liquid metal. The pores of the electrode scaffolds gradually increase in diameter as the layer extends away from the electrolyte layer. As a result of this diameter increase, any forces that would tend to pull the liquid metal away from the electrolyte are reduced while maintaining a diffusion path for the fuel. Advantageously, the fuel cell of the invention may utilize a hydrocarbon fuel without pre-processing to remove sulfur.Type: GrantFiled: September 28, 2010Date of Patent: May 6, 2014Assignee: The United States of America as Represented by the Administrator of National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationInventors: Thomas L Cable, John A Setlock, Serene C Farmer
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Patent number: 8709677Abstract: A proton conducting polymer electrolyte comprising a proton conducting ionomer cross-linked with an amount of a copolymer additive comprising cross-linking functional groups and other functional groups (e.g. proton carriers, chelating agents, radical scavengers) shows improved durability over the ionomer alone and provides for more stable inclusion of these other functional groups. The copolymer additive comprises at least two types of metal oxide monomers, one having cross-linking functional groups and the other having the other functional groups.Type: GrantFiled: March 3, 2011Date of Patent: April 29, 2014Assignees: Daimler AG, Ford Motor CompanyInventors: Keping Wang, Jing Li, Yunsong Yang
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Patent number: 8697313Abstract: The invention is a novel solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack comprising individual bi-electrode supported fuel cells in which a thin electrolyte is supported between electrodes of essentially equal thickness. Individual cell units are made from graded pore ceramic tape that has been created by the freeze cast method followed by freeze drying. Each piece of graded pore tape later becomes a graded pore electrode scaffold that subsequent to sintering, is made into either an anode or a cathode by means of appropriate solution and thermal treatment means. Each cell unit is assembled by depositing of a thin coating of ion conducting ceramic material upon the side of each of two pieces of tape surface having the smallest pore openings, and then mating the coated surfaces to create an unsintered electrode scaffold pair sandwiching an electrolyte layer.Type: GrantFiled: August 20, 2010Date of Patent: April 15, 2014Assignee: The United States of America as Represented by the Administrator of National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationInventors: Thomas L. Cable, Stephen W Sofie
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Patent number: 8669015Abstract: A solid-state fuel cell includes: an anode; an anode side chemical electrolyte protection layer disposed on the anode; a hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide film disposed on the anode side chemical electrolyte protection layer; a cathode side chemical electrolyte protection layer disposed on the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide film; and a cathode disposed on the cathode side chemical electrolyte protection layer.Type: GrantFiled: April 2, 2009Date of Patent: March 11, 2014Assignees: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., The Board of Trustees of The Leland Stanford Junior UniversityInventors: SangKyun Kang, Joonhyung Shim, Friedrich B. Prinz, Turgut M. Gür
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Patent number: 8642496Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming a catalyst comprising catalytic nanoparticles and a catalyst support, wherein the catalytic nanoparticles are embedded in the catalyst support, comprising forming the catalytic nanoparticles on carbon particle, dispersing the carbon particle in a solution comprising precursors of the catalyst support to form a suspension, heating the suspension to form a gel, subjecting the gel to incineration to form a powder, and sintering the powder to form the catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: July 13, 2011Date of Patent: February 4, 2014Assignee: Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchInventors: Zetao Xia, Liang Hong, Wei Wang, Zhao Lin Liu
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Patent number: 8628892Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell supplied with a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, including a single cell 4 having a plate-like electrolyte 41, an cathode 42 formed on an upper surface of the electrolyte 41, and a anode 43 formed on a lower surface of the electrolyte 41; a conductive support substrate 2 supporting the single cell 4, and having through-holes 21 that form a supply path for the fuel gas or oxidant gas; and a gas-permeable welding layer 3 sandwiched between the single cell 4 and the support substrate 2, and welded to the single cell 4 and the support substrate 2.Type: GrantFiled: September 26, 2008Date of Patent: January 14, 2014Assignee: Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.Inventor: Kuniaki Yoshikata
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Publication number: 20140004444Abstract: An object of the present invention is to develop a support for PEMFC electrocatalyst with enhanced electrical conductivity and stability in acidic environment.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 28, 2010Publication date: January 2, 2014Inventors: Isotta Cerri, Tetsuo Nagami, Brian Elliott Hayden, Audrey Celine Vecoven, Claire Mormiche, Jonathan Conrad Davies
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Patent number: 8617763Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) includes a cathode electrode, a solid oxide electrolyte, and an anode electrode having a first portion and a second portion, such that the first portion is located between the electrolyte and the second portion. The anode electrode comprises a cermet comprising a nickel containing phase and a ceramic phase. The first portion of the anode electrode contains a lower porosity and a lower ratio of the nickel containing phase to the ceramic phase than the second portion of the anode electrode. The nickel containing phase in the second portion of the anode electrode comprises nickel and at least one other metal which has a lower electrocatalytic activity than nickel.Type: GrantFiled: August 5, 2010Date of Patent: December 31, 2013Assignee: Bloom Energy CorporationInventors: Tad Armstrong, Emad El Batawi, Eric Petersen
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Patent number: 8580453Abstract: A solid oxide electrochemical device having a laminar composite electrode with improved electrochemical and mechanical performance, the laminar composite electrode comprising a porous support electrode layer, a thin and patterned structure layer, and a thin and dense electrolyte layer and methods for making.Type: GrantFiled: March 31, 2006Date of Patent: November 12, 2013Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Jie Guan, Gregory R. Lear, Matthew Walker
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Patent number: 8580461Abstract: An anisotropic coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) cathode of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is formed by placing a layer of perovskite powder between two platens, and sintering the layer while applying pressure to the platens, thereby forming the anisotropic CTE cathode. The perovskite can be lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM).Type: GrantFiled: August 4, 2011Date of Patent: November 12, 2013Assignee: Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc.Inventors: F. Michael Mahoney, Yeshwanth Narendar, Hansong Huang
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Patent number: 8524419Abstract: An electrode support for fuel cells, the electrode support being made of a porous material having a Ni phase of Ni or NiO and an inorganic skeletal material phase, wherein an oxidation/reduction expansion-suppressing metal M of at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co and Mn is solidly dissolved in the Ni phase or is biasedly distributed on the grain boundaries between the Ni phase and the inorganic skeletal material phase. The electrode support has its volume very little expanded or contracted even in an environment in which it is exposed to the reducing atmosphere and the oxidizing atmosphere alternately.Type: GrantFiled: August 2, 2005Date of Patent: September 3, 2013Assignee: Kyocera CorporationInventors: Tetsuro Fujimoto, Shoji Yamashita
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Publication number: 20130224627Abstract: The present invention discloses a novel scandium-doped Ba(Ce, Zr, Y)O3-? electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells that exhibits elevated ion conductivity at intermediate temperature range comparing to other electrolyte materials, such as BZCYYb.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 11, 2012Publication date: August 29, 2013Applicants: Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Phillips 66 CompanyInventors: Mingfei LIU, Meilin LIU, Ting HE
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Publication number: 20130224628Abstract: A functional layer material for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) including a ceria ceramic oxide and a metal oxide including a metal, except for zirconium, having a Vegard's slope X represented by Equation 1 and having an absolute value |X| of the Vegard's slope X, wherein 27×105?|X|?45×105: X=(0.0220ri+0.00015zi) ??(1), wherein ri is an ionic radius difference between the metal and Ce4+, and zi is a charge difference between the metal and Ce4+.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 30, 2013Publication date: August 29, 2013Applicant: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.Inventor: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
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Patent number: 8518605Abstract: The invention relates to an anode for a high-temperature fuel cell having an anode substrate and/or a functional anode layer, comprising a porous ceramic structure having a first predominantly electron-conducting phase with the general empirical formula Sr1-xLnxTiO3 wherein Ln=Y, Gd to Lu and 0.03<x<0.2, and having a second predominantly ion-conducting phase component comprising yttrium or scandium-stabilized zirconium dioxide (YSZ or ScSZ). In the anode substrate and/or the functional anode layer, the ratio by volume of the first phase to the second phase ranges from 80:20 to 50:50, and particularly from 70:30 to 60:40. The porosity of the entire anode ranges between 15 and 50% by volume. The anode additionally comprises a catalyst in the amount of no more than 15% of the total volume, which is disposed on the surface of the pores of the ceramic structure.Type: GrantFiled: June 26, 2007Date of Patent: August 27, 2013Assignee: Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbHInventors: Qingxi Fu, Frank Tietz, Hans-Peter Buchkremer, Detlev Stoever
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Publication number: 20130196247Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing a BZCYYb material to be used in a solid oxide fuel cell. In particular, the method comprises mixing particular nano-sized and micro-sized ingredients and the size selection provides greatly improved performance characteristics of the resulting material. In particular, barium carbonate powder, zirconium oxide powder having particle diameters in the nanometer range, and cerium oxide powder having particle diameter in the micrometer range are used together with ytterbium oxide powder, and yttrium oxide powder.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 11, 2012Publication date: August 1, 2013Applicants: Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Phillips 66 CompanyInventors: MingFei Liu, Meilin Liu, Ting He, Lei Yang
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Patent number: 8498833Abstract: A method of inspecting a stack body of at least a porous layer and a dense layer comprises the first step of measuring the length of the stack body before the stack body is fired, the second step of measuring the length of the stack body after the stack body is fired, the third step of calculating a shrinkage rate of the stack body based on a first measured value from the first step and a second measured value from the second step, the fourth step of determining whether the calculated shrinkage rate of the stack body is acceptable or not based on the calculated shrinkage rate, the fifth step of calculating an S/N ratio of the stack body based on the first measured value and the second measured value, and the sixth step of determining whether the current-voltage characteristics of the stack body are acceptable or not based on the calculated S/N ratio.Type: GrantFiled: February 16, 2009Date of Patent: July 30, 2013Assignee: Honda Motor Co., Ltd.Inventors: Mari Maruyama, Ushio Harada, Hiroshi Ichikawa
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Publication number: 20130183593Abstract: An oxide represented by Formula 1: A2M1?xCxD2O7+???Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, x is in the range of 0.4?x?1.0; ? is selected such that the oxide electrically neutral; A is at least one metal selected from an alkaline earth metal; M is an alkaline earth metal that differs from A; C is a transition metal; and D is at least one selected from germanium (Ge) and silicon (Si).Type: ApplicationFiled: December 21, 2012Publication date: July 18, 2013Applicant: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTDInventor: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
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Patent number: 8486328Abstract: Powders of respective metal elements (Mn,Co) constituting a transition metal oxide (MnCo2O4) having a spinel type crystal structure are used as a starting material. A paste containing the mixture of the powders is interposed between an air electrode and an interconnector, and with this state, a sintering is performed, whereby a bonding agent according to the present invention can be obtained. This bonding agent has a “co-continuous structure”. In the “co-continuous structure”, a thickness of an arm portion that links many base portions to one another is 0.3 to 2.5 ?m. The bonding agent includes a spherical particle in which plural crystal faces are exposed to the surface, the particle having a side with a length of 1 ?m or more, among the plural sides constituting the outline of the crystal face. The diameter of the particle is 5 to 80 ?m.Type: GrantFiled: July 16, 2010Date of Patent: July 16, 2013Assignee: NGK Insulators, Ltd.Inventors: Makoto Ohmori, Toshiyuki Nakamura, Takashi Ryu
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Patent number: 8449980Abstract: Composite particles for an electrode comprising LiVOPO4 particles and a metal, wherein the metal is supported on at least a portion of the surface of the LiVOPO4 particles to form a metal coating layer.Type: GrantFiled: April 17, 2008Date of Patent: May 28, 2013Assignee: TDK CorporationInventors: Tadashi Suzuki, Hisashi Suzuki
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Publication number: 20130122398Abstract: An electrochemical or electric layer system, having at least two electrode layers and at least one ion-conducting layer disposed between two electrode layers. The ion-conducting layer has at least one ion-conducting solid electrolyte and at least one binder at grain boundaries of the at least one ion-conducting solid electrolyte for improving the ion conductivity over the grain boundaries and the adhesion of the layers.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 16, 2011Publication date: May 16, 2013Applicant: CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE GMBHInventors: Peter Birke, Olaf Böse, Michael Keller, Michael Schiemann, Hans-Georg Schweiger
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Patent number: 8435691Abstract: An operation method at the time of load increase of fuel cell system includes in this order a first step of determining a target power generation amount of the fuel cell module, a second step of increasing the flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the fuel cell module, a third step of increasing the flow rate of the water supplied to the fuel cell module, a fourth step of increasing the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell module, a fifth step of increasing the power generation amount of the fuel cell module, and a sixth step of detecting whether the power generation amount of the fuel cell module reaches the target power generation amount or more.Type: GrantFiled: October 16, 2008Date of Patent: May 7, 2013Assignee: Honda Motor Co., Ltd.Inventor: Koji Dan
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Patent number: 8419983Abstract: The present invention relates to a nickel oxide-stabilized zirconia composite in which nickel oxide is dispersed uniformly, a process for readily producing the composite oxide, and an anode for a solid oxide fuel cell having excellent output characteristics. More specifically, the present invention provides a nickel oxide-stabilized zirconia composite that is produced by sintering a mixture of nickel hydroxide and/or nickel carbonate and a hydroxide of stabilized zirconium.Type: GrantFiled: August 7, 2009Date of Patent: April 16, 2013Assignees: Tanaka Chemical Corporation, Daiichi Kigenso Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.Inventors: Kyosuke Domae, Takeshi Usui, Tadashi Yasui, Satoshi Watanabe
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Publication number: 20130052562Abstract: A composite anode for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), comprising an anode support layer (ASL) of Ni—YSZ and an anode functional layer (AFL) of Ni—GDC, displays enhanced mechanical stability and similar or improved electrical efficiency to that of a Ni—GDC ASL for otherwise identical SOFCs. A SOFC employing the composite anode can be used for power generation at temperatures below 700° C., where the composite anode may include a second AFL of GDC disposed between the Ni—GDC layer and a GDC electrolyte.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 23, 2012Publication date: February 28, 2013Applicant: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC.Inventor: HEE SUNG YOON
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Patent number: 8383286Abstract: A metal oxide thin film structure for a solid oxide fuel cell, prepared by a method comprising dispersing a metal oxide nanopowder in a metal oxide salt solution and subsequent coating of the resulting metal oxide powder dispersed sol and the metal oxide salt solution on a porous substrate, has excellent gas impermeability, excellent phase stability, and is devoid of cracks or pinholes.Type: GrantFiled: August 11, 2009Date of Patent: February 26, 2013Assignee: Korea Institute of Science and TechnologyInventors: Hae-Weon Lee, Jong Ho Lee, Eun Oak Oh, Ji-Won Son, Hae-Ryoung Kim, Hyoungchul Kim, Kyung-ryul Lee
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Patent number: 8367273Abstract: There are disclosed a method for preparation of the solid oxide fuel cell single cell and a single cell with nano (micro) meso porous cathode electrode that are operational from 723 to 1073 K. The cathode electrode of the single cell possesses very large surface area (10-500 m2 g?1) with the hierarchical nano (micro) mesoporous structure, very high catalytic activity and very low oxygen electroreduction activation energy varying from 0.3-0.8 eV at ?0.2 . . . 0 V cathode electrode potential versus porous Pt/O2 reference electrode in air.Type: GrantFiled: May 31, 2007Date of Patent: February 5, 2013Assignee: Elcogen ASInventors: Enn Lust, Gunnar Nurk, Priit Möller, Indrek Kivi, Silvar Kallip, Alar Jänes, Helsi Kurig
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Patent number: 8354011Abstract: An electrolyzer cell is disclosed which includes a cathode to reduce an oxygen-containing molecule, such as H2O, CO2, or a combination thereof, to produce an oxygen ion and a fuel molecule, such as H2, CO, or a combination thereof. An electrolyte is coupled to the cathode to transport the oxygen ion to an anode. The anode is coupled to the electrolyte to receive the oxygen ion and produce oxygen gas therewith. In one embodiment, the anode may be fabricated to include an electron-conducting phase having a perovskite crystalline structure or structure similar thereto. This perovskite may have a chemical formula of substantially (Pr(1-x)Lax)(z-y)A?yBO(3-?), wherein 0<x<1, 0?y?0.5, and 0.8?z?1.1. In another embodiment, the cathode includes an electron-conducting phase that contains nickel oxide intermixed with magnesium oxide.Type: GrantFiled: November 19, 2010Date of Patent: January 15, 2013Assignee: Ceramatec, Inc.Inventors: S. Elangovan, Joseph J. Hartvigsen, Feng Zhao
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Patent number: 8354198Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemical device including electrodes of an electrochemical cell and conductive connection members, wherein sufficient bonding strength is achieved between each of the electrodes and the corresponding conductive connection member through thermal treatment carried out at a temperature lower than 1,000° C. The electrochemical cell includes a solid electrolyte membrane and a pair of electrodes provided on the electrolyte membrane. The conductive connection members are electrically connected to the respective electrodes by means of a bonding layer. The bonding layer contains a transition metal oxide having a spinel-type crystal structure.Type: GrantFiled: December 23, 2009Date of Patent: January 15, 2013Assignee: NGK Insulators, Ltd.Inventors: Makoto Ohmori, Toshiyuki Nakamura, Takashi Ryu
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Patent number: 8343685Abstract: The present invention relates to composite material suitable for use as an electrode material in a solid oxide cell, said composite material consist of at least two non-miscible mixed ionic and electronic conductors. Further provided is a composite material suitable for use as an electrode material in a solid oxide cell, said composite material being based on (Gd1-xSrx)1-sFe1-yCoyO3-? or (Ln1-xSrx)1-sFe1-yCioyO3-?1 (s equal to 0.05 or larger) wherein Ln is a lanthanide element, Sc or Y, said composite material comprising at least two phases which are non-miscible, said composite material being obtainable by the glycine nitrate combustion method. Said composite material may be used for proving an electrode material in the form of at least a two-phase system showing a very low area specific resistance of around 0.1 ?cm2 at around 600° C.Type: GrantFiled: January 25, 2008Date of Patent: January 1, 2013Assignee: Technical University of DenmarkInventors: Kent Kammer Hansen, Martin Søgaard, Mogens Mogensen
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Publication number: 20120328970Abstract: A material for a solid oxide fuel cell, the material including: a first compound having a perovskite crystal structure, a first ionic conductivity, a first electronic conductivity, and a first thermal expansion coefficient, wherein the first compound is represented by Formula 1 below; and a second compound having a perovskite crystal structure, a second ionic conductivity, a second electronic conductivity, and a second thermal expansion coefficient, BaaSrbCoxFeyZ1-x-yO3-?,??Formula 1 wherein Z is a transition metal element, a lanthanide element, or a combination thereof, a and b satisfy 0.4?a?0.6 and 0.4?b?0.6, respectively, x and y satisfy 0.6?x?0.9 and 0.1?y?0.4, respectively, and ? is selected so that the first compound is electrically neutral.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 20, 2012Publication date: December 27, 2012Applicants: SAMSUNG ELECTRO-MECHANICS CO., LTD., SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.Inventors: Soo-yeon SEO, Chan KWAK, Hee-jung PARK
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Patent number: 8338053Abstract: The invention relates to a conductive sintered body capable of being effectively prevented from reduction-induced expansion, as well as to a conductive member for fuel cell, a fuel cell, and a fuel cell apparatus. The conductive sintered body contains a first composite oxide phase (59) based on lanthanum chromite and a second composite oxide phase (55) containing Mg and Ni, and around the second composite oxide phase (55), Ni (57) is deposited. Such a conductive sintered body is used for fuel cell. Further, a conductive member for such a fuel cell is composed of a fuel electrode layer (32) and an oxide electrode layer (34) with a solid electrolyte layer (33) held therebetween; and is used as an interconnector (35) of a fuel cell (30) which is provided with the interconnector (35) connected to the fuel electrode layer (32).Type: GrantFiled: January 22, 2007Date of Patent: December 25, 2012Assignee: Kyocera CorporationInventors: Tetsuro Fujimoto, Yuuichi Hori
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Patent number: 8334079Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell has anode, cathode and electrolyte layers each formed essentially of a multi-oxide ceramic material and having a far-from-equilibrium, metastable structure selected from the group consisting of nanocrystalline, nanocomposite and amorphous. The electrolyte layer has a matrix of the ceramic material, and is impervious and serves as a fast oxygen ion conductor. The electrolyte layer has a matrix of the ceramic material and a dopant dispersed therein in an amount substantially greater than its equilibrium solubility in the ceramic matrix. The anode layer includes a continuous surface area metallic phase in which electron conduction is provided by the metallic phase and the multi-oxide ceramic matrix provides ionic conduction.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 2004Date of Patent: December 18, 2012Assignee: NanoCell Systems, Inc.Inventors: Peter R. Strutt, Bernard H. Kear
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Patent number: 8323463Abstract: A composite oxygen transport membrane having a dense layer, a porous support layer and an intermediate porous layer located between the dense layer and the porous support layer. Both the dense layer and the intermediate porous layer are formed from an ionic conductive material to conduct oxygen ions and an electrically conductive material to conduct electrons. The porous support layer has a high permeability, high porosity, and a high average pore diameter and the intermediate porous layer has a lower permeability and lower pore diameter than the porous support layer. Catalyst particles selected to promote oxidation of a combustible substance are located in the intermediate porous layer and in the porous support adjacent to the intermediate porous layer. The catalyst particles can be formed by wicking a solution of catalyst precursors through the porous support toward the intermediate porous layer.Type: GrantFiled: December 15, 2010Date of Patent: December 4, 2012Assignee: Praxair Technology, Inc.Inventors: Gervase Maxwell Christie, Jamie Robyn Wilson, Bart Antonie van Hassel
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Patent number: 8318384Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an ion conductive material useful as an anode catalyst comprising LaCrO3, a vanadium oxide (VOx) and a solid electrolyte, and methods of making the same. The catalysts are useful in solid oxide fuels cells and, in particular, using impure hydrogen.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 2008Date of Patent: November 27, 2012Assignee: The Governors of the University of AlbertaInventors: Jing-Li Luo, Karl Tze-tang Chuang, Zhengrong Xu, Alan Sanger
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Publication number: 20120264031Abstract: An electrochemical device having one or more solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), each of the SOFCs including a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte layer positioned between the cathode and anode; and at least one additional component comprising a metallic substrate having an electronically conductive, chromium-free perovskite coating deposited directly thereon. The perovskite coating has the formula ABO3, wherein A is a lanthanide element or Y, and B is a mixture of two or more transition elements, with the A site undoped by any alkaline earth element, and the perovskite coating exhibits limited or no ionic transport of oxygen.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 13, 2012Publication date: October 18, 2012Inventors: Matthew M. Seabaugh, Sergio Ibanez, Scott L. Swartz
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Patent number: 8252478Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a solid oxide fuel cell, comprising the steps of: forming an anode support layer; applying an anode layer on the anode support layer; applying an electrolyte layer on the anode layer; and sintering the obtained structure; wherein the anode support layer and/or the anode layer comprises a composition comprising doped zirconia, doped ceria and/or a metal oxide with an oxygen ion or proton conductivity, NiO and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, TiO2, Cr2O3, Sc2O3, VOx, TaOx, MnOx, NbOx, CaO, Bi2O3, LnOx, MgCr2O4, MgTiO3, CaAl2O4, LaAlO3, YbCrO3, ErCrO4, NiTiO3, NiCr2O4, and mixtures thereof. According to the invention, a combination of nickel coarsening prevention due to specific Ni-particle growth inhibitors, and, at the same time, a strengthening of the ceramic structure of the anode support layer and/or the anode layer is achieved.Type: GrantFiled: January 31, 2006Date of Patent: August 28, 2012Assignee: Technical University of DenmarkInventors: Peter Halvor Larsen, Charissa Chung, Mogens Mogensen
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Patent number: 8247130Abstract: A hydrogen electrode constituted of a mixed phase composed of an oxide sinter having particles of at least one member selected from Ni, Co, Fe, and Cu on a surface part thereof and coated wholly or partly with a film having mixed conductivity and a sinter having ionic conductivity is formed on a surface of an electrolyte having oxygen ion conductivity.Type: GrantFiled: February 27, 2009Date of Patent: August 21, 2012Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaInventors: Norikazu Osada, Takayuki Fukasawa, Keizo Shimamura
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Patent number: 8221934Abstract: A fuel cell component includes an electrode support material made with nanofiber materials of Titania and ionomer. A bipolar plate stainless steel substrate and a carbon-containing layer doped with a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, iridium, ruthenium, gold, palladium, and combinations thereof.Type: GrantFiled: May 27, 2009Date of Patent: July 17, 2012Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLCInventors: Youssef M. Mikhail, Mahmoud H. Abd Elhamid, Gayatri Vyas Dadheech
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Patent number: 8182965Abstract: Lanthanum strontium cobalt iron oxides (La(1-x)SrxCoyFe1-yO3-f; (LSCF) have excellent power density (>500 mW/cm2 at 750° C.). When covered with a metallization layer, LSCF cathodes have demonstrated increased durability and stability. Other modifications, such as the thickening of the cathode, the preparation of the device by utilizing a firing temperature in a designated range, and the use of a pore former paste having designated characteristics and combinations of these features provide a device with enhanced capabilities.Type: GrantFiled: September 30, 2008Date of Patent: May 22, 2012Assignee: Battelle Memorial InstituteInventors: Jin Yong Kim, Vincent L. Sprenkle, Nathan L. Canfield, Kerry D. Meinhardt, Lawrence A. Chick
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Patent number: 8133633Abstract: A structure of a cathode electrode for a fuel cell includes a catalyst layer formed by mixing a carbon material with a catalyst material and a hydrophilic ion conductive material. The hydrophilic ion conductive material is embedded on the catalyst layer and contacts an electrolyte membrane and a diffusion layer to provide a migration path for water and hydrogen ions.Type: GrantFiled: June 2, 2006Date of Patent: March 13, 2012Assignee: Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.Inventors: Seung-jae Lee, Ji-rae Kim, Yoon-hoi Lee
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Publication number: 20120021334Abstract: The electrode material contains a complex oxide and at least one of ZrO2 and a compound comprising ZrO2. The complex oxide has a perovskite structure represented by a general formula ABO3. ZrO2 is contained in an amount of 0.3'10?2 wt % to 1 wt % relative to the entire electrode material.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 19, 2011Publication date: January 26, 2012Applicant: NGK Insulators, Ltd.Inventors: Ayano KOBAYASHI, Shinji Fujisaki, Makoto Ohmori
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Publication number: 20120021332Abstract: The disclosure provides a double-layer anode structure on a pretreated porous metal substrate and a method for fabricating the same, for improving the redox stability and decreasing the anode polarization resistance of a SOFC. The anode structure comprises: a porous metal substrate of high gas permeability; a first porous anode functional layer, formed on the porous metal substrate by a high-voltage high-enthalpy Ar—He—H2—N2 atmospheric-pressure plasma spraying process; and a second porous anode functional layer, formed on the first porous anode functional layer by a high-voltage high-enthalpy Ar—He—H2—N2 atmospheric-pressure plasma spraying and hydrogen reduction. The first porous anode functional layer is composed a redox stable perovskite, the second porous anode functional layer is composed of a nanostructured cermet. The first porous anode functional layer is also used to prevent the second porous anode functional layer from being diffused by the composition elements of the porous metal substrate.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 23, 2011Publication date: January 26, 2012Applicant: Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Atomic Energy Council, Executive YuanInventors: Chang-Sing Hwang, Chun-Huang Tsai, Jen-Feng Yu, Chun-Liang Chang, Jun-Meng Lin, Shih-Wei Cheng
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Publication number: 20110244365Abstract: Disclosed is a metal oxide-yttria stabilized zirconia composite, including 25˜75 wt % of a metal oxide-3 mol % yttria stabilized zirconia composite, and 75˜25 wt % of a metal oxide-8 mol % yttria stabilized zirconia composite. A solid oxide fuel cell is also provided, which includes the metal oxide-yttria stabilized zirconia composite as an anode layer or a support layer of an anode layer.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 28, 2010Publication date: October 6, 2011Inventors: Han Wool RYU, Jae Hyuk Jang, Chang Sam Kim, Sung Woon Jeon
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Publication number: 20110236789Abstract: A novel electrode that can be used at high temperature in air, a fuel cell using the material, and a method of manufacture of the same are provided. The electrode material containing a component expressed by La1-sAsNi1-x-y-zCuxFeyBzO3-? (wherein, A and B are at least one element independently selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metals, transition metals excluding Fe, Ni and Cu, and rare earths excluding La, and x>0, y>0, x+y+z<1, 0?s?0.05, and 0?z?0.05) exhibits relatively high conductivity at high temperature, and has the advantage of combination with other materials in relation to coefficient of thermal expansion.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 24, 2011Publication date: September 29, 2011Applicant: NGK Insulators, Ltd.Inventors: Masaharu NAMBA, Naomi Teratani, Yoshihiko Yamamura, Kazuyuki Matsuda, Naomi Fukui
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Patent number: 8021799Abstract: The embodiments generally relate to a high performance ceramic anode which will increase flexibility in the types of fuels that may be used with the anode. The embodiments further relate to high-performance, direct-oxidation SOFC utilizing the anodes, providing improved electro-catalytic activity and redox stability. The SOFCs are capable of use with strategic fuels and other hydrocarbon fuels. Also provided are methods of making the high-performance anodes and solid oxide fuel cells comprising the anodes exhibiting improved electronic conductivity and electrochemical activity.Type: GrantFiled: July 12, 2007Date of Patent: September 20, 2011Assignee: The Trustees Of The University Of PennsylvaniaInventors: Raymond J. Gorte, John M. Vohs, Michael D. Gross