Abstract: A secondary zinc-manganese dioxide secondary cell is disclosed. The cell includes a zinc gel anode, high manganese content cathode in either prismatic or jelly roll form. An aqueous based continuous reel to reel process for formulation and fabrication of the anode and cathode is provided. The cell is contained in a box assembly.

Abstract: A lithium metal secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are wound to form an electrode group. The positive and negative electrodes face each other with the separator between the positive and negative electrodes. The electrode group has a space for accommodating at least part of the nonaqueous electrolyte when fully discharged. X and Y satisfy 1.00?X/Y<1.20, where X is a calculated thickness of the lithium metal which is calculated from design capacity per unit area of the positive electrode, and Y is a virtual thickness of the space when the space is assumed to be formed only between the negative electrode and the separator.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a secondary battery, the secondary battery comprises a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator and an electrolyte, the negative electrode plate comprises a negative current collector and a negative film, the negative film is provided on at least one surface of the negative current collector and comprises a negative active material. The secondary battery satisfies relationships 3.9?G×3.5+2.8/CB?6.2 and 1.23?0.55/VOI+CB×1.2?2.80 at the same time. The battery of the present disclosure has the characteristics of high energy density and excellent dynamics performance, and the battery of the present disclosure also has the characteristic of long cycle life while charged under a large rate and a fast speed.

Abstract: An energy storage and power supply device includes a housing, an energy storage unit disposed within the housing, a top portion extending from the housing, a first module, and a different, second module. The top portion defines a cavity. The first module and the second module are interchangeable and removably receivable within the cavity.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a nonaqueous electrolyte battery including a nonaqueous electrolyte, a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector containing Al, and a positive electrode active material containing layer. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector containing Al, and a negative electrode active material containing layer. The negative electrode active material containing layer includes titanium-containing oxide particles having an average secondary particle size of more than 5 ?m. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery satisfies a formula (1) of Lp<Ln.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrode laminate including a positive electrode having a positive electrode material coating layer formed on a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode having a negative electrode material coating layer formed on a negative electrode current collector, and a porous polymer film interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode, the negative electrodes, and the porous polymer films are laminated in a height direction on the basis of a plane such that the negative electrodes constitute outermost electrodes of the electrode laminate, and the positive electrode material coating layer has a larger coating area than the negative electrode material coating layer.

Abstract: When a continuous short circuit occurs between both terminals of a battery pack, fault, destruction and rupture of the battery can occur. Further, when a momentary short circuit occurs, a user may continue to use, without knowing thermal and electrical damage to the batteries, and reliability for the batteries is impaired, To overcome the problem, in a battery pack configured by connecting a plurality of storage batteries in series, at least one first storage battery is included which has a low capacity compared to second storage batteries during high-rate discharge, and the first storage battery undergoes polarity inversion during external short circuit, thereby preventing the other batteries from becoming damaged. There are also included a detector that detects voltage of the first storage battery, and a fault signal generator that generates an output fault signal when a voltage detected by the detector inverses.

Abstract: Provided is a cathode active material having a composition represented by the following Formula I: LiFe(P1-XO4) (I) wherein a molar fraction (1?x) of phosphorus (P) is in the range of 0.910 to 0.999, to allow operational efficiency of the cathode active material to be leveled to a lower operational efficiency of an anode active material and improve energy density of the cathode active material. Furthermore, a cathode active material, wherein a molar fraction (1?x) of phosphorus (P) is lower than 1, contains both Fe2+ and Fe3+, thus advantageously preventing structural deformation, improving ionic conductivity, exhibiting superior rate properties and inhibiting IR drop upon charge/discharge, thereby imparting high energy density to batteries.

Abstract: Provided is a cathode mix for lithium secondary batteries, comprising a cathode active material having a composition represented by the following Formula I: LiFe(P1-XO4) (I) wherein a molar fraction (1?x) of phosphorus (P) is in the range of 0.910 to 0.999, to allow operational efficiency of the cathode active material to be leveled to a lower operational efficiency of an anode active material and improve energy density of the cathode active material. The cathode mix maximizes operational efficiency of batteries, minimizes electrode waste and thus reduces manufacturing costs of batteries. Furthermore, The cathode active material, wherein a molar fraction (1?x) of phosphorus (P) is lower than 1, according to the present invention contains both Fe2+ and Fe3+, thus advantageously causing no structural deformation, improving ionic conductivity, exhibiting superior rate properties, inhibiting IR drop upon charge/discharge, thereby imparting high energy density to batteries.

Abstract: A square lithium secondary battery includes a wound body in which a collective sheet in which a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet overlap each other with a first separator interposed therebetween is wound while a second separator is put inside the collective sheet. An active material mixture layer on one or both surfaces of at least one of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet includes a region with a plurality of openings and a region with no opening. At least a bent portion of the collective sheet is covered with the region with the plurality of openings.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cable-type secondary battery capable of wireless charge. The cable-type secondary battery according to the present invention can be applied in a wireless charging method, thereby being conveniently charged as compared with conventional batteries which are charged with wires, and has a charging coil configured in a wound form, which can overcome the problem of local charge caused by the shape of conventional cable-type batteries. Also, the charging coil is formed in a packaging to act as a reinforcement material, thereby enhancing the mechanical property of the cable-type secondary battery.

Abstract: Provided are an electrode assembly and a secondary battery including the same. The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode having a positive electrode coating portion, a negative electrode having a negative electrode coating portion, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The negative electrode coating portion includes lithium titanate oxide (LTO). An area of the positive electrode coating portion is larger than that of the negative electrode coating portion. Accordingly, all materials in the LTO contained in the negative electrode coating portion participate in charge/discharge operations, so that generation of gas due to an additional reaction occurring between LTO and electrolyte may be suppressed, thereby effectively preventing the secondary battery from swelling.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes a case comprising a body having a cavity and a cover sealed to the body; and an electrode assembly in the cavity, the electrode assembly including a first electrode plate having a coated portion coated with a first active material and an uncoated portion not coated with the first active material; a second electrode plate having a coated portion coated with a second active material; and a separator between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate, wherein the first electrode plate, the second electrode plate and the separator are stacked together, and wherein the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate have substantially the same surface area.

Abstract: The provision of a mode in silver zinc batteries where a user can access extra capacity as an emergency reserve for times when extra capacity is needed. While this temporarily increases capacity, it does not detrimentally affect cycle life over the longer term, and it permits a silver zinc battery to essentially mimic the long term capacity and cycle life characteristics of a lithium ion battery while still affording inherent advantages associated with silver zinc batteries. In a variant embodiment, this ability to temporarily increase capacity is optimally employed at the end of a battery life cycle in a controlled “roll-off” that accords additional cycles of battery service life. In another variant embodiment, the general capability to control capacity is employed to gradually decrease the available capacity of a battery over the life of the battery, to thereby extend the battery service life.

Abstract: High capacity primary and rechargeable cells may include a cathode with a lithiated active cathode material and an anode including lithium intercalating carbonaceous material. The cells may also include a separator impregnated with a liquid electrolyte or a solid electrolyte. The ratio of the capacity to reversibly incorporate lithium ions of the cathode to the capacity to reversibly incorporate lithium ions in the form of LiC6 of the carbonaceous material of the anode is equal to or larger than 2:1. During charging a high grade high density substantially non-dendritic lithium metal layer is plated on the anode.

Abstract: The state monitoring apparatus includes a high-voltage side monitoring section having monitoring units assigned to respective unit batteries and a low-voltage side monitoring section having a control device. The monitoring units measures the voltages of the unit batteries upon reception of a voltage measurement command transmitted from the control device, and determines whether or not the measured voltages are within a predetermined range. This determination is transmitted to the control device. If this determination is negative, the control device limits a charge/discharge current of the assembled battery, and then causes the monitoring units to transmit the measured voltages.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes an electrode assembly, a case containing the electrode assembly, and a cap assembly. The electrode assembly includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator between the first and second electrodes. The cap assembly is coupled to the case. The cap assembly includes a tab that is electrically connected to the first electrode and a deformable plate that is electrically connected to the second electrode. The deformable plate also includes a notch that is opened due to an increase of pressure. The deformable plate deforms as a result of increased pressure and electrically contacts the first tab, short circuiting the rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A method of determining extent and type of capacity fade of an electrochemical cell in one embodiment includes identifying a first volume fraction of an active material in an electrode, identifying a first capacity of the first electrode at another time, identifying a second volume fraction of the first active material based upon the first capacity, identifying a first amount of the first active material lost from the first time to the second time based upon the first volume fraction and the second volume fraction, identifying a third volume fraction of an active material in another electrode, identifying a second capacity of the second electrode at a later time, identifying a fourth volume fraction of the second active material based upon the second capacity, and identifying a second amount of the second active material lost based upon the third volume fraction and the fourth volume fraction.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a negative electrode including a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer that is formed on a first region of the negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode terminal connected to an edge section of a second region of the negative electrode current collector, a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material layer positioned to face the negative electrode active material layer and the second region, and a stress imparting member which imparts a tensile stress or a shearing stress to the second region.

Abstract: An alkaline electrochemical cell capable of providing optimum discharge efficiencies at both a high tech drain rate and a low drain rate is disclosed. In one embodiment, the ratio of the anode's electrochemical capacity to the cathode's electrochemical capacity is between 1.33:1 and 1.40:1 and the surface area of the anode to cathode interface is maximized.

Abstract: A negative electrode material for a high input/output currant-type non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, comprising a carbon material having an average (002) interlayer spacing d002 of 0.355-0.400 nm determined by X-ray diffractometry and a true density of 1.50-1.60 g/cm3, and exhibiting a capacity (A) of at least 50 mAh/g in a battery voltage range of 0.3-1.0 V and a ratio ((A)/(B)) of at least 0.3 between the capacity (A) and a capacity (B) in a battery voltage range of 0-1.0 V when measured as discharge capacities with a counter electrode of lithium. The negative electrode material is non-graphitizable and has properties suitable for a negative electrode material for high input/output current non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries as used in HEV, etc.

Abstract: A battery capable of improving the constant output discharge capacity is provided. A battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte. The cathode contains iron sulfide. The anode contains lithium metal or a lithium alloy. A ratio of a discharge capacity per unit area of the cathode to a discharge capacity per unit area of the anode (the discharge capacity per unit area of the cathode/the discharge capacity per unit area of the anode) is more than 1 and 1.4 or less.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a battery includes measuring an open circuit voltage (Voc) on the battery to determine a measured state of charge (SOCm) after at least one use, obtaining a calculated state of charge (SOCc) based on a state of charge prior to the at least one use and a discharge of the battery during the at least one use, and determining a state of the battery based at least in part on a difference between the calculated state of charge and the measured state of charge.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte battery capable of minimizing damage if the battery is crushed by pressure is disclosed. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the present invention includes a spiral coil formed by, through a separator, winding a positive electrode having an elongated positive-electrode collector with two sides on each of which an active material for the positive electrode has been formed and a negative electrode having an elongated negative-electrode collector with two sides on each of which an active material for the negative electrode has been formed.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a negative electrode including a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer that is formed on a first region of the negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode terminal connected to an edge section of a second region of the negative electrode current collector, a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material layer positioned to face the negative electrode active material layer and the second region, and a stress imparting member which imparts a tensile stress or a shearing stress to the second region.

Abstract: An electric storage battery and method of manufacture thereof. Active material (78) is removed from both sides of the outer end (88) of the negative electrode (70) in a jellyroll (84) to allow room for adhesive tape (96) to secure the jellyroll.

Abstract: A primary lithium electrochemical cell housed in a casing having a curved side wall intermediate opposed generally planar face walls is described. The cell comprises an anode and a cathode that each has a plurality of face portions joined together by connecting portions. The opposite polarity face portions and connecting portions are aligned with each other and then the electrodes are wound to provide an electrode assembly that fits in the casing. Regardless whether the cell is balanced as either an anode-limited or cathode-limited configuration, however, it is desirable to have the active material of one electrode face portion directly facing the electrode material of the counter electrode face portion. This means that the dimensional extent of the facing electrodes should be as close to each other in areas as possible to match the desired anode- or cathode-limited balance. The same is true for the connecting portions. The cell is of a high energy density for an implantable biomedical device.

Abstract: In a lithium secondary battery using negative electrode active material particles containing silicon, excellent charge-discharge characteristics are achieved and swelling of the negative electrode is minimized. A lithium secondary battery has a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode containing an active material layer and a current collector made of a conductive metal foil, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The active material layer has a binder and active material particles containing silicon, and is formed by sintering the active material layer on a current collector surface in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The active material particles have an average particle size of from 7.5-15 ?m and a particle size distribution such that 60 volume % or more of the active material particles falls within the ±40% range of the average particle size, and the lithium secondary battery has a negative/positive electrode capacity ratio of 1.7 or greater.

Abstract: The present invention relates to rechargeable nickel metal hydride batteries and methods for making the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to rechargeable nickel metal hydride batteries having a precharge in the negative electrode sufficient for oxidation prevention in the negative electrode. The present invention discloses a nickel metal hydride battery, wherein the precharge of the negative electrode may be supplied by a variety of sources. The positive active material of the positive electrode may have positive active particles, such as nickel hydroxide, having a precursor coating that incorporates cobalt material capable of forming a conductive network. Sources other than cobalt-containing materials in the positive electrode include hydrogen gas provided directly to the negative active material, nickel aluminum mixed with the negative active material, the etching of the negative active material with an alkaline solution and borohydride chemically charging the negative active material.

Abstract: A secondary battery having an excellent capacity maintenance factor or charging/discharging efficiency is provided. A lithium-ion battery comprises an electrode group that a positive electrode and a negative electrode which respective of active materials for the positive and negative electrodes is coated on both surfaces of a collecting member. An area S1 of a portion of then egative electrode 7 not facing the positive electrode 6 is set to be not more than 10% of an area S2 of a portion of the negative electrode 7 facing the positive electrode 6. An influence that the portion not facing the positive electrode affects a battery reaction is controlled, and the decrease in the capacity maintenance factor or the charging/discharging efficiency according to cycling use can be depressed.

Abstract: The invention concerns an electrochemical generator element (102) comprising successively a first electrode layer having a polarity (114), a first electrolyte layer (110), a second electrode layer with reverse polarity (108), a second electrolyte layer (112), a second electrode layer with said polarity (116). The electrode layers of said polarity (114, 116) are connected by a parallel connection. It further comprises current collectors (118, 120) connected to the electrode layers with said polarity (114, 116). The thickness of the first electrode layer with said polarity (114) is different from the thickness of said second electrode layer with said polarity (116). The invention is applicable to lithium-polymer storage batteries.

Abstract: A gastight nickel/metal hydride cell for the storage of electrochemical energy, having at least one positive nickel oxide electrode and at least one hydrogen-storing negative electrode, a hydrophilic separator being arranged between the positive and negative electrodes, and an alkaline electrolyte or an alkaline electrolyte mixture, in that one or more negative electrodes are provided with a gas-permeable, hydrophobic transport element for transporting the gases of the cell atmosphere.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell and corresponding electrode assembly are described in which an alkali metal anode and a cathode assembly are wound together in a unidirectional winding having substantially straight sides such that the winding will fit into a prismatic cell. The anode and cathode are preferably arranged in the winding to provide for even utilization of reactive material during cell discharge by placing cathode and anode material in close proximity throughout the electrode assembly in the proportions in which they are utilized. An anode current collector having a length or height shorter than at least one of the length or height of the cathode current collector or alkali metal strips operatively associated with the anode current collector is also described.

Abstract: Provided is a secondary battery in which high energy density can be obtained and charging/discharging cycle characteristic can be improved. A positive electrode (13) and a negative electrode (15) are stacked with a separator (16) interposed therebetween, and are enclosed inside an exterior can (11) to which an electrolyte is injected. The negative electrode (15) contains a negative electrode material capable of occluding/releasing lithium in an ionic state. Thereby, lithium metal precipitates in the negative electrode (15) in a state where the open circuit voltage is lower than the overcharge voltage. In other words, lithium is occluded in an ionic state in a negative electrode material capable of occluding/releasing lithium in the beginning of charging, and then lithium metal precipitates on the surface of the negative electrode material thereafter during charging. The amount of precipitation of lithium metal is preferable to be from 0.05 to 3.

Abstract: An anode structure for a metal air electrochemical cell is provided. The structure includes a plurality of compartments, which are at least partially isolated from one another. A metal air cell using the anode structure includes the anode structure having one or more of the compartments partially filled with anode material, a cathode in ionic communication with the anode material, and a separator electrically isolating the cathode and the anode material. The volume of anode material included in the one or more compartments is preferably based on the expected expansion of the anode material.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and a nonaqueous electrolyte, where the separator essentially includes a porous sheet. The positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material can be reversibly doped and dedoped such that, where Qp (mAh) is an electric charge necessary for causing total lithium contained in the positive electrode to be dedoped and Qn (mAh) is an electric charge necessary for causing lithium to fully dope the negative electrode, Qp>Qn. Further, when the battery is charged at a charging current Ic (mA) in a range of 0.2 Qn/h<Ic<2 Qn/h, in a range of an electric charge for charging Qc (mAh) of 1<Qc/Qn<Qp/Qn, doping of the positive electrode by lithium is initiated by producing lithium particles on the negative electrode by charging of the battery until Qc<Qp.

Abstract: The invention relates to a battery of bipolar stack design, having a plurality of subcells. The battery, the subcells of which comprise in each case two electrodes of different polarity and an electrolyte-impregnated separator, are electronically connected via an electrically conductive connecting wall between them. All the subcells are connected to a common gas space. The connecting walls between the subcells produce the electrical contact and, at the same time, exclude any electrolytic connection. The electrolyte is fixed in a limited quantity in the electrodes and the separator. The subcells are pressed together by a continuously acting force. The current is discharged on the outer walls of the casing, which are designed as pressure plates.

Abstract: A new cathode design having a second cathode active material of a relatively high energy density but of a relatively low rate capability sandwiched between two current collectors with a first cathode active material having a relatively low energy density but of a relatively high rate capability in contract with the opposite sides of the two current collectors, is described. At least the first cathode active material is of particles having an average diameter less than about 1&mgr;. The present cathode design is useful for powering an implantable medical device requiring a high rate discharge application.

Abstract: A sealed nickel-metal hydride storage cell includes a positive electrode containing nickel as a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode containing a hydrogen-absorbing alloy as a negative electrode active material, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and an electrolyte immersing therein the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The negative electrode has a theoretical capacity larger than a theoretical capacity of the positive electrode so as to provide a charge reserve capacity when the positive electrode is in a fully charged state and to provide a discharge reserve capacity when the positive electrode is in a fully discharged state. A ratio of the charge reserve capacity to the discharge reserve capacity ranges from 1:0 to 1:0.5.

Abstract: The invention concerns an electrochemical generator element (102) comprising successively a first electrode layer having a polarity (114), a first electrolyte layer (110), a second electrode layer with reverse polarity (108), a second electrolyte layer (112), a second electrode layer with said polarity (116). The electrode layers of said polarity (114, 116) are connected by a parallel connection. It further comprises current collectors (118, 120) connected to the electrode layers with said polarity (114, 116). The thickness of the first electrode layer with said polarity (114) is different from the thickness of said second electrode layer with said polarity (116). The invention is applicable to lithium-polymer storage batteries.

Abstract: A highly reliable rechargeable battery comprising an anode, a separator, a cathode, an electrolyte or an electrolyte solution, and a housing, characterized in that said anode is structured to have a size which is greater than that of said cathode. The rechargeable battery provides an increased energy density and has a prolonged charging and discharging cycle life, in which a dendrite causing a reduction in the battery performance, which is generated upon operating charging in the conventional rechargeable battery, is effectively prevented from generating or from growing in the case where it should be generated.

Abstract: A storage battery including an electrode and an electrolyte material, in which the electrode has a grid with a mesh area of about 50 mm2 or less and an active material provided on the grid. Accordingly, it is made possible to prevent a decrease in the negative electrode's conductivity due to a contraction of the negative electrode active material that takes place extensively when a cycle of charge and discharge is repeated particularly at high temperatures with a resulting remarkable improvement in cycle life characteristics of a lead-acid storage battery.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage battery with improved cycle life and a method for making the same. The battery has a negative electrode with an electrochemically active negative material and a negative electrode capacity and a positive electrode electrochemically coupled with the negative electrode, the positive electrode having a positive electrode capacity and an electrochemically active positive material with a precharge. Also described herein is a positive electrode material for a hydrogen storage battery and a method for making the same. The positive electrode material includes a preoxidized positive active material which is partially non-oxidized. The preoxidized material may be used to provide a precharge to the positive electrode.

Abstract: A re-balanced lithium ion secondary cell, particularly one comprising LiCoO2 cathode active material, is described. The preferred anode material is carbonaceous, and the couple is balanced to a ratio of the cathode active material to the anode material of from about 1.35 to about 2.25. This significantly improves the energy density of the secondary cell over that known by the prior art by increasing the charge voltage to at least 4.4V.

Abstract: A lead-acid storage battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte material. The foregoing negative electrode has a first grid with a first grid geometry and a first active material provided on the above first grid. The foregoing positive electrode has a second grid with a second grid geometry and a second active material provided on the above second grid. A first mesh area of the foregoing first grid is smaller than a second mesh area of the foregoing second grid, thereby achieving an excellent high rate discharge cycle life.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage battery with improved cycle life and a method for making the same. The battery has a negative electrode with an electrochemically active negative material and a negative electrode capacity and a positive electrode electrochemically coupled with the negative electrode, the positive electrode having a positive electrode capacity and an electrochemically active positive material with a precharge.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a large capacity with improved charge/discharge characteristics is provided. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is fabricated by combining a positive electrode (4) and a negative electrode (2) so that the relationship: 0.9≦Kp/Kn≦1.1 is satisfied, where an initial efficiency of the positive electrode (4) is represented by Kp and an initial efficiency of the negative electrode (2) is represented by Kn. An active material of the positive electrode (4) preferably contains a lithium composite oxide having a composition of LixNiyMzO2 (0.8<×<1.5, 0.8<y+z<1.2, 0≦z<0.35; M is at least one element selected from Co, Mg, Ca, Sr, Al, Mn and Fe).

Abstract: Practice of this invention provides, at least, a method of making a hydrogen storage material comprising the steps of: 1. forming a molten mixture comprising nickel and at least one other transition metal element, the combination of which will form a TiNi alloy and including in said molten mixture from about 0.1 at. % to about 10 at. % of one or more elements which will form an alloy which is immiscible in the TiNi-type alloy; and (b) cooling said molten mixture to form a solid alloy-system material by rapid solidification of said molten mixture at a cooling rate of at least 103° C. per second.

Abstract: A cadmium non-sintered negative electrode for use in an alkaline storage cell comprising a main active material comprising at least one of powdered cadmium oxide and powdered cadmium hydroxide; a reserve charging substance comprising powdered metal cadmium; and an additive comprising powdered nickel hydroxide whose grain shape is substantially globe and/or whose average grain size is 1.5 to 200 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A roll electrode assembly of a secondary battery includes a positive electrode rolled having a plurality of turns, a negative electrode rolled having a plurality of turns, and first and second separators each rolled to have a plurality of turns. Each turn of the first separator is disposed between each outer surface of the turns of the negative electrode and each inner surface of the turns of the positive electrode. Each turn of the second separator is disposed between each outer surface of the turns of the positive electrode and each inner surface of the turns of the negative electrode. The thickness of the second separator is thinner than that of the first separator.