Abstract: An electrochemical cell is shown wherein anode 1 of a reactive metal having an insulating film 2 thereon is separated from cathode 6 by a non-conductive flow screen 4. A porous, expandable element 5 is positioned between screen 4 and cathode 6 to maintain essentially uniform dimensions of the electrolyte flow channel defined by screen 4 as the anode is consumed during cell operation. Preferably, when a multiplicity of cells are electrically connected together, a plurality of separator elements 8 between the respective anodes and cathodes are utilized to ensure that each cell in the multi-cell configuration is subject to essentially identical compression forces in assembly and during discharge.

Abstract: An electric accumulator or storage cell whose positive and negative plates are composed of a multiplicity of thin lead plates or lead foils which are spaced apart from thin separators in a receptacle adapted to receive an electrolyte (dilute sulfuric acid), the receptacle having dimensions closely conforming to those of the stacked plates. The thin lead plates or foils which form both the positive and negative electrodes are formed at juxtaposed regions with exactly coextensive electrically nonconducting and electrolyte impermeable masks of a material adhering strongly to the electrodes.

Abstract: In a battery of electrochemical unit cells in which an active metal in powder form is an electrode, high rate reaction at high efficiency is achieved by slurrying the powdered metal in the cell electrolyte. The slurrying is carried out entirely within each cell so that no transfer of electrolyte to and from the cell during discharge is necessary. Such batteries are suitable for powering vehicles. A battery of such cells can be emptied and then refuelled either by pressure or by vacuum; in one embodiment the active metal can be regenerated in each of the cells from the discharge products formed therein.

Abstract: A battery preferably for use as a power source in an electrical vehicle includes a plurality of envelope separators for reducing the concentration of waste products at the surface of the battery plates. The envelope separators comprise two thin sheets of microporous material which are bonded together at their edges and placed between each of the plates of the battery. The envelope separators while being nonconductive are highly porous thereby allowing electrical current to pass from one plate to the other through the separators in the electrolytic solution of the battery. The electrolyte is pumped into each envelope separator under pressure and is forced out through the pores or small holes in the sides of the envelope to flush water, gas and loose particles of active material away from the plates of the battery.

Abstract: An electrical energy storage device comprising at least one cell containing a normally positive electrode at which a halogen is reduced and a normally negative electrode at which a metal is oxidized during an electrical discharge of the storage device. The halogen and oxidizable metal components consumed during the electrical discharge of the device are regenerated during an electrical recharging of the storage device and the halogen component is recovered and converted to a halogen hydrate for storage in the system.

Abstract: An improved wet plate battery for use in the electrical system of an internal combustion engine and adapted to produce hydrogen and oxygen gases for enrichment of the air/fuel mixture is disclosed. The battery includes a plurality of electrical generating cells having positive and negative plates immersed in an electrolyte. Air tubes extend through the battery case and provide communication between the space below the plates with the atmosphere. A gas discharge port is provided in the top of the case above the electrical generating cells and is connected through suitable tubing to a source of vacuum in the induction system of the engine.

Abstract: A system is provided for improving the charge efficiency of a zinc-chloride battery by reducing the chlorine concentration on charge in a flowing electrolyte system by desorbing chlorine from the flowing electrolyte under reduced pressure and removing the desorbed chlorine from the electrolyte flow loop.

Abstract: To prevent the formation of internal short circuits between electrodes of a rechargeable electrochemical cell, the electrolyte is maintained in continuous motion at least during charging when, in the case of an air-depolarized cell with a positive oxygen electrode and a negative zinc electrode, an air stream is introduced into a cylindrical cell casing through a multiplicity of orifices in a generally tangential direction and at increasing distances from the housing axis to impart rotation about that axis to the liquid; upon the subsequent discharge, a valve redirects the air stream into a compartment separated from the electrolyte by the oxygen electrode.