Abstract: Fuel gas mixtures of different composition containing hydrogen may be the main products or by-products of chemical conversion processes such as, without limitation, processes for the conversion of solid or liquid fuels. Such gas mixtures are, however, normally not fit for public gas supplies, as their heating value and their density and other properties would normally not conform to the standards and the codes of practice for gas properties. Methanation is a known process for the conversion of hydrogen-rich fuel gas mixtures into gases conforming to standard specifications. During the exothermal reaction of methanation, more than 15% of the enthalphy of the reactants may be lost.The invention allows the increase of the heating value of hydrogen-rich fuel gas mixtures, said increase being achieved at a high efficiency and maximizing the recovery of useful energy in the form of gas conforming to standards and electric power.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell and method whereby a reactive metal anode is contacted with an aqueous electrolyte containing the hydroxide of the anodic metal, and the electrolyte is circulated to a scrubber for contact with carbon dioxide. In the scrubber, the precipitable carbonate of the anodic metal is formed, thereby reducing the metal hydroxide concentration in the electrolyte. The metal carbonate is separated from the electrolyte and the electrolyte is recirculated to the cell.

Abstract: A galvanic cell characterized in that at least a portion of the exterior of the cell's housing is encased within an intumescent material.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a system for maintaining an aircraft battery at its optimum operating temperature. A continuous air flow around the batteries is provided. When cooling the batteries, the system operates in a flow-through mode. When heating the batteries, the system may operate in either a flow-through mode or in a closed loop recirculating mode. A thermostat may determine the crossover point between cooling and heating. Several valve and thermostat arrangements are disclosed to convert the air flow from a flow-through system to a recirculating system.

Abstract: A non-leaking flexible plastic bellows connection between the cover and the lead terminal of a secondary battery expandable plate, including circumferential grooves around the terminal for molding thereto one end of the plastic bellows while the other end is sealed to the plastic cover of the battery or formed integral therewith. The grooves in the upper end of the lead terminal may be formed in the terminal or in a sleeve of softer lead composition integrally attached to the end of the terminal. The lead cell connectors are integrally attached to the upper outer ends of these lead sleeves or terminals above the grooves therein.

Abstract: Electrochemical storage cell with liquid sodium anode and liquid sulfur cathode disposed in a multiplicity of parallel-connected anode and cathode spaces in a part made of a ceramic, ion-conducting solid electrolyte material. The solid electrolyte part comprises profiled ceramic plates which have been sintered together and form mutually parallel channels with thin partitioning walls. The anode spaces formed by the channels are open at the upper end and closed at the opposite end, and the upper ends communicate with a sodium supply. The cathode spaces are open at the upper and lower ends and communicate with a sulfur and cell reaction products supply. Metallic collectors are sunk into the cathode spaces.

Abstract: A modular lithium battery having a plurality of cells, having electrical connecting means connecting the cells to output terminals, and venting means for releasing discharge byproducts to a chemical scrubber. Stainless steel cell casings are potted in an aluminum modular case with syntactic foam and epoxy. The wall thickness resulting is about 0.5 inches.

Abstract: A road barrier system prevents automobile access by means of a chain array or swinging gate held in place across a roadway between two posts. A motor driven mechanism operates the barrier in response to a key or security access code in two modes of operation, one being open access and the other automatically opening and reclosing the gate after a preset time period.Features include quick operation, energy efficiency, self-powered solar energy as the sole energy input, breakaway features to prevent serious damage to the control equipment upon unauthorized entry by force and high-reliability low-maintenance simple equipment useful in country locations without access to power line energy sources. In this respect, the barrier in one embodiment is built as a part of a cattle guard assembly.

Abstract: A temperature stabilized battery system including a battery having at least one rechargeable electrochemical cell, a Peltier type heat pump providing a hot thermal transfer face, a cold thermal transfer face and semiconductor means for transferring thermal energy between the two faces, one thermal transfer face being in thermal transfer relation to the battery and the other face being in thermal transfer relation to a heat sink. Thermal insulation surrounds at least a portion of the battery for reducing the flow of heat into and out of the battery except via the heat pump. The battery is wrapped or encased in a thermally conductive blanket which is surrounded by the insulation means.

Abstract: A method and means for reducing the potential hazard presented by escaping electrochemical cell contents are disclosed. The invention involves associating a micromolecular sieve carrier with the cell to sorb such contents when they escape, to reduce the severity of undesired reactions of such contents. The sieve carrier is conveniently associated with the cell by being provided in a layer, e.g. in a holder, around the cell.

Abstract: Battery comprising a container housing a plurality of sealed cells employing an oxyhalide-, halide- and/or liquid sulfur dioxide-containing nonaqueous electrolyte, and a porous shock absorbing material impregnated with an immobilizing agent which will react with and neutralize any oxyhalide, halide, liquid sulfur dioxide or their reaction products that escape from the cells.

Abstract: A complex electrochemical heat-generating element characterized by a two-surfaced anode layer, two separator layers of porous, absorbent material, one on either surface of the anode layer, two cathode layers, one in contact with each of the separator layers, and electrically conductive connectors extending through the cathode layers, separator layers and anode layer to conduct an electric heating current between the anode and cathode layers. Preferred embodiments relate to specific arrangements of connectors.

Abstract: An improved wet plate battery for use in the electrical system of an internal combustion engine and adapted to produce hydrogen and oxygen gases for enrichment of the air/fuel mixture is disclosed. The battery includes a plurality of electrical generating cells having positive and negative plates immersed in an electrolyte. Air tubes extend through the battery case and provide communication between the space below the plates with the atmosphere. A gas discharge port is provided in the top of the case above the electrical generating cells and is connected through suitable tubing to a source of vacuum in the induction system of the engine.