Abstract: An insect trap and method of use. The insect trap has a roof, side walls, rear wall, front wall, and floor. The front wall has a front wall aperture, and the rear wall has at least one rear wall aperture. A plurality of dividers are disposed within the insect trap, with a divider aperture associated with each divider. The divider apertures alternate between being adjacent the floor and adjacent the roof in successive dividers. The method includes the steps of mounting an insect trap in a structure opening, allowing insect-enticing chemicals to waft from inside the structure opening to outside the structure opening through the insect trap, enticing the insect through a front wall aperture, divider apertures, and into an inner chamber adjacent the rear wall, and entrapping the insect within the inner chamber because the rear wall apertures are too small to admit passage to the insect.

Abstract: An insect-trapping device is composed of a container and two caps respectively mounted on two ends of the container. One cap has multiple ventilation holes defined thereon and the other cap combines with an inducer that particularly emits special scent (pheromone) to attract insects. The container is preferably made of resilient material and foldable so as to keep the volume of the insect-trapping device adjustable. Particularly, the insect-trapping device mimics a lantern to have a decorative and pleasant appearance when the device is suspended or located.

Abstract: A multi-insect trap is capable of capturing a predetermined kind of insects, while preventing other undesirable insects from entering into the trap. The multi-insect trap includes a trap housing, an insect guider, and an ant isolation arrangement. The insect guider includes an attractant carrier supported within the trapping chamber and a plurality of cone-shaped guiding channels spacedly and inwardly extended from the surrounding wall for guiding the insect to enter into the trapping chamber. The ant isolation arrangement has two ant boundaries provided on a top ceiling and a bottom seat of the trap housing respectively, wherein the two ant boundaries are adapted for being filled with liquid as two ant resisting borders respectively for preventing ants to reach the surrounding wall so as to stop the ants from entering into the trapping chamber through the guiding channels.

Abstract: A disposable flying insect trap having an entry plate with a plastic bag affixed to the entry plate periphery and including entry plate port openings for receiving the insects. The entry plate is sealed by a lid which is removable for insertion of liquid therewithin. The lid is positionable from its sealed position to a second position spaced from the entry plate surface and defining a gap therebetween to enable the insects to fly into the bag interior, attracted by the bait within the bag. The lid is removable from the entry plate by a hang cord which, when pulled, dislodges the lid from the entry plate surface.

Abstract: The insertable pest catching device is an invention that because of its unique geometry and design provides for the simple and cost effective catching of pests such as hornets and yellow jackets. The device is principally intended for use in combination with an empty plastic two-liter volume soda pop bottle or the like. In practice, an attractant such as a predetermined amount of sugar water is placed into a capped plastic bottle and the funnel shaped device is retentatively pressed into the side of the bottle. The device in combination with the bottle creates an attraction to pests. The pests are guided into the bottle through the funnel and subsequently die within the bottle. After a predetermined quantity of pests are trapped within the bottle, the bottle, with the device still inserted may be discarded as an entire assembly. Thus the disassembly, mess, and washing common with prior art pest catching devices is avoided. In certain embodiments, multiple devices may be inserted into a single bottle.

Abstract: An apparatus particularly adapted for capturing target insect species comprising a bottom portion for attracting the target insects and directing them toward and into a top portion for the capture thereof. The bottom portion comprises a plurality of elements cooperating along longitudinal axes thereof to form at least two essentially planar fins extending radially the longitudinal axes and upwardly from wider bases to narrower apexes, the bases cooperating at the lower end of the apparatus to maintain it positionally stable while resting thereon at or near the ground. The fins further cooperate to form at least one channel narrowing from the wider bases thereof to the narrower apexes thereof at the upper end of the bottom portion, the bottom portion being predominantly of a color which reflects light having a wavelength which attracts the target insects.

Abstract: An apparatus provides for the killing of insects by trapping the larvae. In one preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes a container with a protrusion and a second non-horizontal surface, such as a funnel, positioned above the protrusion. The funnel defines an opening above the protrusion. A barrier may also be included that abuts the underside of the funnel. A liquid is placed in the container at a level at least above the opening such that eggs laid in the water become larvae that swim downward and are directed through the opening by the funnel and are directed away from the opening by the protrusion. The larvae either drown or become trapped adult mosquitoes. It is noted that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that allows a searcher or reader to ascertain quickly the subject matter of the technical disclosure and is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for attracting mosquitoes by using the microbe product as the mosquito bait as well as simulating the human emanated odors. A bait-releasing unit/means is included to enhance the release of the mosquito bait. A well-controlled heating assembly can be used to generate a suitable thermal gradient for simulating body temperature and evaporating the bait. The microbe product comprises at least a sterilized supernatant of a bacterial incubation product. The apparatus of this invention can further include electrocution grids or insecticide webs to destroy attracted mosquitoes.

Abstract: A flexible bag and attachment mechanism is provided that may be used in a variety of applications where it is desirable to attach a flexible bag to a device or machine. Some examples of such device may include an insect trap, a grinder, volumetric or weight based filler and liquid dispenser, food or perishable storage, etc. According to one embodiment, the bag portion of the device is disposable and the attachment device is reusable. In one variation a tapered neck is attached to the opening of the bag. The tapered neck connects within a tapered collar of the device by way of a press fitting. The neck is flexible so that it can be deformed to a shape that permits it to enter into the collar, and is resilient so that it can return to its original tapered ring configuration to engage the tapered inner circumference of the collar. The bag may be attached to a dispenser for dispensing material. The dispenser may be in part, a grinder or mixer.

Abstract: Traps are disclosed for controlling flying insects such as wasps. The traps are pre-packaged with attracting liquid prior to sale, and then sealed with a peel-off film in a manner that prevents leakage prior to use. When the trap is about to be used, the peel-off film is removed to expose both a trap entry and a pivotable stand. A rain/sun shield is then mounted on the stand, preferably with the upper portion of the stand projecting through the shield to form part of a hanger.

Abstract: The present invention is an arthropod trap including a housing and containment chamber. The housing includes external openings, an overhang, and an internal tube and plate with entry ports. Attracted by bait in the containment chamber, arthropods fly in through the external openings, and then travel through the entry ports in the plate into the containment chamber. Alternatively, arthropods can directly enter the containment chamber through optional entry ports. The containment chamber can be a box or other rigid container, or a bag. This trap can be used to contain or monitor the populations of many different types of flying arthropods, including but not limited to flies, wasps, and yellow jackets.

Abstract: The invention provides a series of lamp-cum-insect exterminators in which guides serve to guide and/or deflect insects towards an extermination chamber. There is a primary light source within the guides which serves to attract insects towards the lamp and a secondary light source within the extermination chamber which serves to attract the insects down the guides into the chamber.

Abstract: A safe, indoor trapping device for trapping and killing flying insects can be used in areas containing food, containing animals, for food preparation, etc. The device includes at least one removable trap body, a toxicant panel, and an insect collector.

Abstract: The vehicle roach trap is an economical and ergonomic paper or plastic cup insect trap containing a bait and which can be placed in the vehicle's cup holder(s). In a first embodiment, a paper cup trap has a lipped transparent plastic concave cover formed by an inverted dome with a small flap at its bottom that will fall open by the insect's weight. A second embodiment has a similar cover, but without the flap, and has at least a portion of the cup interior coated by a sticky, viscous substance. In the latter case, an alternative cover is substantially planar, having a plurality of concave depressions, each depression having a hole defined therein through which the roach may fall. The planar cover may also have resilient, pivotal flaps covering the holes. An adhesive sticker may be provided for sealing the hole(s) for disposal of the trap.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provide for the killing of insects by trapping the larvae, which either prevents development into adults or traps the adults developed from the larvae to prevent further reproduction and harm. In one preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes a container with an inverted cone or other protrusion and a second non-horizontal surface, such as a funnel, positioned above the inverted cone. The funnel defines an opening above the inverted cone. A barrier may also be included that abuts the underside of the funnel. A liquid such as water is placed in the container at a level at least above the opening such that eggs laid in the water become larvae that swim downward and are directed through the opening by the funnel and are directed away from the opening by the inverted cone. The larvae either drown, if the water level is above the barrier, or else become trapped adult mosquitoes that cannot escape from the container.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for generating the mosquito bait as well as stimulating the human body's surface temperature and emanated odor. A well-controlled heating assembly can be used to generate a suitable thermal gradient for simulating body temperature and evaporating the bait. The bait comprises at least the bacterial fermentation product. The bait is not poisonous to human beings and contains mosquito attractants made from natural products of fermentation or decomposition. The apparatus according to this invention comprises at least an upper compartment for trapping mosquitoes and a bottom compartment including the bait and the beating assembly. This invention can also combine with electrocution grids or insecticide webs to destroy attracted mosquitoes.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to compositions and devices for controlling insects and, in particular, houseflies. Insecticidal compositions of the present invention comprise spinosad and, optionally, insect foodstuffs and attractants. The devices of the invention are directed to a housefly bait device that includes an insecticidal composition of the present invention. The invention also concerns methods for controlling insects, such as houseflies, using the present compositions and devices.

Abstract: A yellow jacket and fly trap. The main body of the trap is produced from a screen and has a narrowing inlet passage with a passage defining an oblong inlet from the passage into a holding chamber. A bait receptacle is removably mounted within the passage. The inlet is formed by an interior side wall having a lower circular opening and an elliptical or oblong inlet leading into the trap.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a trap for insects, without killing them. It employs a housing, with an opening on one end, and at least one layer of parallel strings or line stretched across that opening. The distance between each string corresponds to the width of the body of the target insect. Some type of attractant is used to attract the target insect. Farmers, entomologists, and hobbyists will find this trap useful since it captures insects without killing them, thus permitting identification and further study.

Abstract: A mosquito barrier for use in catch basins and other water drainage structures is provided. The mosquito barrier is designed to prohibit an adult mosquito from penetrating the barrier, reaching standing water and laying eggs. Further, the mosquito barrier prohibits mosquitoes emerging from eggs laid downstream from emerging through a catch basin protected by the barrier of the present invention. The barrier is made with mesh of a size prohibitive to mosquito penetration while allowing water to flow through freely. The barrier rests within the catch basin, or other water drainage structure, well above the surface of standing water, such that all entering water must pass therethrough, and allows water to enter and flow through the structure with little flow restraint.

Abstract: A capture apparatus for an insect containment trap includes a disposable capture vessel (which may be a plastic milk jug), a funnel element (which may be a modified plastic beverage container), and a mechanical spring-loaded clip. The funnel element interfaces the capture vessel to the baiting device, and the clip joins the mouth of the capture vessel to the mouth of the funnel element.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provide for the killing of insects by trapping the larvae, which either prevents development into adults or traps the adults developed from the larvae to prevent further reproduction and harm. In one preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes a container with an inverted cone or other protrusion and a second non-horizontal surface, such as a funnel, positioned above the inverted cone. The funnel defines an opening above the inverted cone. A barrier may also be included that abuts the underside of the funnel. A liquid such as water is placed in the container at a level at least above the opening such that eggs laid in the water become larvae that swim downward and are directed through the opening by the funnel and are directed away from the opening by the inverted cone. The larvae either drown, if the water level is above the barrier, or else become trapped adult mosquitoes that cannot escape from the container.

Abstract: A bee and wasp trap is provided, comprising a threaded cylindrical base unit with handles, a bait, a curved funnel shaped insert having internal lugs containing holes and configured to thread into the base unit, and a lid having tabs with pins, such that rotation of the lid engages the pins within the lug holes, and such that removal of the lid turns the trap on. The bee and wasp trap has particular utility in connection with efficient abatement of bees, yellow jackets, and other stinging insects around the exterior of residential homes and other outdoor locations.

Abstract: An insect trap and a kit are provided for luring and retaining insects therein. The insect trap preferably includes a hollow housing having at least one opening therein and a hollow and enclosed cartridge member positioned in the housing and having at least one opening therein positionally aligned with the at least one opening of the housing so that insects may pass directly through the opening of the housing and into the cartridge member. Preferably, the combination of a lure and a retainer also is positioned within the cartridge member for luring and retaining insects within the cartridge member so that internal contents of the cartridge member can be sanitarily removed and disposed.

Abstract: An insect trap fitting adapted to cover an opening in a receptacle containing insect attractant. The fitting includes a cover plate with a first aperture in it and a first skirt extending downwardly from the periphery of the first aperture. A screen with a second aperture in it is located at the lower edge of the first skirt. A blade extends from the second aperture to a position above the first aperture in the cover plate. The fitting may also include a second skirt extending downwardly from the periphery of the second aperture, the blade extending from the lower edge of the second skirt to above the level of the first aperture in the cover plate. A fly trap includes the fitting and a receptacle.

Abstract: A blood-feeding-fly trap composed of 3 or more legs held in position by a top element or elements and a flexible cover. Spacing rods also locate the legs and hold the cover taut. A dark object hangs freely from the top element to attract the flies which are retained in a container at the top of the trap. The design allows easy relocation when assembled. All major elements are held by fasteners that allow assembly and disassembly for efficient manufacture, shipping, and storage.

Abstract: An elevated beetle trap which includes two interlocking bodies each having a slot formed in a surface thereof. A sex lure is disposed in the slot to attract beetles. The beetles collide with the interlocking bodies and fall to a funnel positioned at the bottom of the interlocking bodies. A bag is removably secured to the funnel to house and transport the trapped beetles. Conveniently, the trap may be positioned over a body of water so that dead beetles fall into the water for fishfood.

Abstract: A bait station designed to be deployed in an agricultural environment to exterminate flying insects such as fruit flies. The bait station consists of a plurality of shells each providing wall and roof sections. A hinge is provided to pivotable couple the shells together. A locking mechanism is used to lock the shells in a deployment mode. The locking mechanism can include a tab and slot arrangement. There are a plurality of holes on the bait station to disperse the attractant of the bait and attract flying sections. The bottom of the bait station is open assisting in the dissipation of the bait and to enable the flying insect to easily enter the bait station within having to walk through a small hole. An awning extends a sloped roof laterally past the outer wall to keep water and other debris away from the venting holes. A bait holder, containing bait, engages with the wall of the bait station. Flying insects digest the bait and die.

Abstract: The invention relates to a non-chemical device for repelling flies from a covered area open to the outside, the invention hung from edges of the covered area. The device repels flies from such covered area using the prismatic effect of ambient light passing through the fluid contents of the transparent container without the use of pesticides, sticky films or residue which can contaminate and harm the environment. The device may also use mild chemical repellants to the liquid contents to prevent flying insects from entering the liquid contents deterring the laying eggs upon the liquid.

Abstract: The insect trap has a top and bottom that, when connected, form a chamber for luring and containing insects. The main entry for insects is located on the bottom of the insect trap. The insect trap has a plurality of lure support structures that will accommodate many different varieties of lure, to include projections for holding card lures, an annulus for holding a cylinder or vial, either of which contain lure, and a chamber with an adjustable plug that may hold lure or may be used as a vent to control air flow, or may serve as a second access for insect entry. The insect trap has an overall cylindrical shape, with side walls that will easily accommodate an adherent type lure. The flat sides of the insect trap enable a user to more easily examine the contents of the trap without disturbing or directly contacting the contents. The insect trap has a set of legs and a device for suspension, allowing the insect trap to be used either hanging or on a surface.

Abstract: Methods of assaying insects for pesticide resistance and to identify insect species are based on feeding disruption caused by insecticide such as the biopesticide Bacillius thuringiensis toxin (Bt). Further provided are methods for monitoring insecticide resistance in a population of insects, as well as methods of screening compounds for insecticidal activity. Insecticide resistance can be assessed at the level of an individual insect or at population levels. Apparatus and dehydrated insect meal pads useful in such assays are described.

Abstract: A yellow jacket and fly trap. The main body of the trap is produced from a screen and has a narrowing inlet passage with a passage defining an oblong inlet from the passage into a holding chamber. A bait receptacle is removably mounted within the passage. The inlet is formed by an interior side wall having a lower circular opening and an elliptical or oblong inlet leading into the trap.

Abstract: A yellow jacket and fly trap. The main body of the trap is produced from a screen and has a narrowing inlet passage with a passage defining an oblong inlet from the passage into a holding chamber. A bait receptacle is removably mounted within the passage.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for generating the mosquito bait as well as stimulating the human body's surface temperature and emanated odor. A well-controlled heating assembly can be used to generate a suitable thermal gradient for simulating body temperature and evaporating the bait. The bait comprises at least the bacterial fermentation product. The bait is not poisonous to human beings and contains mosquito attractants made from natural products of fermentation or decomposition. The apparatus according to this invention comprises at least an upper compartment for trapping mosquitoes and a bottom compartment including the bait and the beating assembly. This invention can also combine with electrocution grids or insecticide webs to destroy attracted mosquitoes.

Abstract: An effective insect trap comprises a housing that substantially encloses an interior space for trapping and killing insects. A conduit is attached to or formed from the housing, where the conduit is shaped to facilitate entry of insects into the trap interior space, based on the insects' natural motion and its attraction to light radiating from within the trap. The conduit, or preferably multiple conduits, narrows in cross sectional area to a conduit end that is open to the interior space. A socket used to secure a light bulb is positioned such that, when the bulb is in the socket, the bulb is within about one inch of the conduit end. Overall, the trap hinders the escape of trapped insects through the conduit and under some conditions is selective to biting insects, such as mosquitoes, mosquito types, and sub-miniature biting midges, over other types of insects.

Abstract: A yellow jacket and fly trap. The main body of the trap is produced from a screen and has a narrowing inlet passage with a passage defining an oblong inlet from the passage into a holding chamber. A bait receptacle is removably mounted within the passage.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a base member, a guiding member positioned upon and supported by the base member and a capture chamber positioned upon and supported by the guiding member. The base member has a tubular body, an open bottom, a top, a plurality of holes in the tubular body and a number of openings in the top. The guiding member is removably connected to the top of the base member. The guiding member comprises a lower ring, an upper ring with a top surface and an outer vertical surface, plastic meshes having a lower section that extends between the lower ring and the upper ring and an upper section that extends conically upwards from the upper ring and has an apex with an orifice, connecting means and a number of apertures and of holes in the top surface of the upper ring. Each connecting means has a hollow upper extension, that is open at its top, and a bottom extension and is used for holding the guiding member in stable position.

Abstract: An insect trap for capturing flying insects. The trap comprises a capture top dome, a capture reservoir, a kairomone lure dispenser and kill-bait. The method for capturing, killing and monitoring flying insect. The trap is useful for corn, peanuts and leafy vegetable crop protection from corn rootworm or other insects.

Abstract: An insect trap fitting adapted to cover an opening in a receptacle containing insect attractant. The fitting includes a cover plate with a first aperture in it and a first skirt extending downwardly from the periphery of the first aperture. A screen with a second aperture in it is located at the lower edge of the first skirt. A blade extends from the second aperture to a position above the first aperture in the cover plate. The fitting my also include a second skirt extending downwardly from the periphery of the second aperture, the blade extending from the lower edge of the second skirt to above the level of the first aperture in the cover plate. A fly trap includes the fitting and a receptacle.

Abstract: A trap for insects, primarily the Japanese beetle, which is supported on the surface of a body of water by a floating support, the support having an aperture which holds an upright, elongated tube. A funnel is fitted into the top end of the tube, and a scent-based means for luring insects into the funnel is supported by the upwardly facing entrance opening of the funnel. The insects are attracted to the scent-based means and fall through the funnel, tube, and aperture, onto the surface of water below the trap. The trap may be held upright by a means, such as a pipe anchored to the ground, the trap being vertically slidingly coupled to the means for holding the trap upright.

Abstract: A trap for attracting and killing insects utilizing carbon dioxide as the attractant. The carbon dioxide is either generated, or dispersed directly into, a trapping media. This supply of carbon dioxide bubbles through the trapping media to the surface where it diffuses into the atmosphere. Subsequently, the insects are attracted directly to the trapping media, the site of the attractant's emission, where the insect subsequently lands. The trapping media then effectuates the demise of the insect by drowning the insect or by permanently affixing the insect to the trapping media.

Abstract: A compact reusable bait station that can be used for either solid or liquid bait. The bait station has an outer wall that defines an inner bait chamber. The chamber, when sealed, prevents liquid bait inside the chamber from flowing out. The chamber has limited access from the outside to reduce evaporation, drying, and contamination of the liquid bait by preventing unnecessary exposure to the environment. Access to the outside is limited to access ports that are sized to allow access by an insect, but nothing larger. The access port is positioned above the level of the liquid bait to prevent leakage. The bait station is fabricated from reusable material, such as plastic, PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. and may be opened for cleaning and storage. Different configurations, such as triangular, rectangular, or tubular chambers may be used. Alternative embodiments provide ground attachment spikes which may be an integral part of the bait station or a removable attachment.

Abstract: A trap for trapping a pest comprises a container having a passage leading to a pitfall, and a medium positioned in the pitfall, the medium being capable of flowing in response to pressure exerted thereon by the pest and being capable of adhering to an exterior surface of the pest which come into contact with the medium whereby the additional weight of the medium restricts the ability of the pest to leave the container.

Abstract: An insect trap includes a decorative cover, a container, and a funnel. The cover is preferably shaped in the form of a fanciful character and has a insect entry, a container opening, and a central window. The container has a mouth and is preferably an empty conventional two-liter plastic beverage bottle. The funnel has a flared opening and a short tubular extension at its other end. The extension of the funnel extends into the container and the flared opening seats against the mouth of the container. Bait, preferably tailored to lure particular species of flying insects, is provided in the container. The container is receivable through the container opening of the cover such that the mouth of the container is preferably aligned with the insect entry of the cover. Insects are lured by the bait and enter through the relatively wide flared opening of the funnel and into the container.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a base member, a guiding member positioned upon and supported by the base member and a capture chamber positioned upon and supported by the guiding member. The base member has a tubular vertical body, an open bottom, a top, a plurality of holes in the vertical body and a number of openings in the top. The guiding member is removably connected to the top of the base member. The guiding member comprises a lower ring, an upper ring with a top surface and an outer vertical surface, plastic member having a lower section that extends between the lower ring and the upper ring and an upper section that extends conically upwards from the upper ring and has an apex with an orifice, connecting means, a number of wings extending from the upper section of the plastic meshes and upon the upper ring and a number of apertures in the top surface of the upper ring.

Abstract: A simple, lightweight, reusable three element trap for attracting and capturing flying insects, especially whiteflies, consists of a transparent enclosure attached to a yellow base with a truncated cone shaped interior for admitting flying insects into the transparent enclosure, and a deflector plate suspended over the top opening of the base to impede the insects' flying out of the trap. The trap does not require bait or adhesives. The flying insects are attracted to the yellow base, land and crawl inside, where they are attracted to the light passing through the transparent enclosure. The insects attempt to fly away, and become trapped inside the trap.

Abstract: A device traps insects, such as flies, by attracting them to a lure or bait placed on a black/dark colored plate supporting the device. The device is composed of a base frame (13) with dark light blocking walls (21) raised above the plate and a combined hollow pyramid (12) and a cuboidal container (15) with light transmitting walls above the base frame (13). The device is thus designed to be dark at its bottom part and light at its upper part, thus inducing the insects which have entered to fly upwards towards the small opening (14) at the apex (9) of the pyramid (12). Those flies which fly through the opening (14) are then trapped within the container.

Abstract: A dry insect trap for capturing male and female frugivorous pest insects for detecting, monitoring, and/or controlling.

Abstract: A flytrap includes a container, a cap covering the top opening of the container, a support member supporting the container thereon, and a tray for receiving baits therein. The container has a bottom wall formed integrally with an upward projection at a central portion thereof, and a cylindrical surrounding wall so as to define an annular groove in the bottom wall between the projection wall and the surrounding wall. A liquid unit is received in the groove below the upper opening and includes a sterilizing liquid and an edible oil. The support member has a skirt portion fixed to the periphery of the bottom wall of container, and a plurality of vertical legs which have upper ends fixed to the skirt portion and which are placed on a floor. The tray is also placed on the floor under the skirt portion of the support member. The legs are located around the tray. Flies enter the container via the upper opening of the support member, thereby contacting the edible oil and drowning in the sterilizing liquid.

Abstract: A passive, environmentally friendly apparatus and method for exterminating flying insects, particularly horseflies, without the use of chemical attractants or baits. A transparent deflector deflects the flying insects into a trap for extermination. A plurality of opaque targets are positioned about the deflector and trap so as to direct the flying insects into the deflector.