Abstract: An object is to provide the ferrite particles used as a magnetic filler or a raw material for a molded product excellent in dispersibility as a powder and excellent in uniformity after molding and result the surface with small unevenness; and a method of manufacturing the particles. To achieve the object, Mn—Mg ferrite particles having an average particle size of 1 to 2000 nm and having a spherical shape are employed. It is preferable that the ferrite particles are produced by a method including subjecting of a ferrite raw material obtained through preparation of a ferrite composition to flame-spraying in air for ferritization followed by rapid cooling for solidifying of the ferrite.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member (1) includes a conductive substrate (2) and a photosensitive layer (3). The photosensitive layer (3) is a single-layer photosensitive layer containing at least a charge generating material, an electron transport material, a hole transport material, and a binder resin. The electron transport material includes a naphthoquinone derivative represented by general formula (1). An amount of triboelectric charge of calcium carbonate as measured by charging the calcium carbonate through friction with the photosensitive layer (3) is at least +7 ?C/g. In general formula (1), R11 and R12 are respectively the same as R11 and R12 described in the description.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of making an electrophoretic dispersion comprising pigment particles dispersed in a solvent or solvent mixture, wherein said pigment particles comprises at least one polymer chain comprising a terminal thiocarbonylthio group, attached to the particle surface. The invention also relates to pigment particles suitable for use in an electrophoretic dispersion and methods for their preparation through a RAFT polymerization technique.

Abstract: A method of forming a component having multiple material properties includes forming, by additive manufacturing, a particle containment structure on a base layer; filling the particle containment structure with a first layer of particles, the layer of particles being contained by the particle containment structure; curing the first layer of particles; repeating the forming the particle containment structure, filling the particle containment structure with one or more additional layers of particles and curing the one or more additional layers of particles until a desired component dimension is achieved; forming, by additive manufacturing, a cover to encapsulate any exposed particles; and fully curing the particle containment structure, particles and cover.

Abstract: A transfer assist member comprising a plurality of layers, at least one of the layers being a check film layer comprised of a crosslinked alkoxyalkylated polyamide.

Abstract: To obtain a toner which has excellent charge rise and stability, tends to have a sharp charge distribution, has excellent pigment dispersion properties, exhibits no disarray in an image even during a high-speed copying operation, and can stably output high-resolution images. A toner comprising toner particle containing a binder resin, a colorant, resin PA, and resin PB, wherein the resin PA has unit A represented by Formula (1), the resin PB has unit B represented by Formula (2), a content “a” of the unit A in the toner particle is 2.00 ?mol/g or more, and a molar ratio b/a of the content “a” and a content “b” of the unit B in the toner particle is 0.10 or more and 10.00 or less.

Abstract: The resin composition of the present invention is a resin composition characterized by including (a) a polyimide, a polybenzoxazole, a polyimide precursor or a polybenzoxazole precursor, (b) 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, or 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, and (c) a thermal cross-linking agent having a specific structure. By the use of the resin composition of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the transmittance in the visible region of a cured film while maintaining the transmittance of a resin film before curing.

Abstract: A corona detection device includes a bandpass filter having a primary passband that includes at least wavelengths in the range of about 250 nm to about 400 nm and a secondary passband that includes wavelengths in the range of about 675 nm to about 850 nm. The corona detection device also includes an image intensifier in optical communication with the bandpass filter. The image intensifier is configured to generate an image based on radiation passed through the primary passband and the secondary passband of the bandpass filter.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a transparent recording member and a substantially non-transparent member. The transparent recording member has at least one transparent area and a concavo-convex pattern on a first surface thereof while bearing a reverse toner image on a second surface thereof. The substantially non-transparent member is formed on the second surface of the transparent recording member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor, including an electrically conductive substrate, an undercoat layer containing a filler and a binder resin and provided on the substrate, and a photoconductive layer provided on the undercoat layer and containing a binder resin. At least one compound selected from crown ethers, polyalkyleneglycol ethers, polyethyleneglycol monocarboxylic acid esters, polyethyleneglycol dicarboxylic acid esters, and hydroxy-terminated random or block copolymers containing oxypropylene and oxyethylene groups is incorporated into (a) the undercoat layer or (b) into a charge generating layer of the photoconductive layer. In the case of (a), the photoconductive layer is a dried coating of a composition containing at least one solvent selected from cyclic ethers, ketones and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image carrying member, a toner feeding unit that forms a charged toner on a surface of the image carrying member, a toner image forming unit that forms a reversely charged toner image by applying charge to the charged toner according to image information, the applied charge having a polarity contrary to the charged toner, a color forming information applying unit that applies color forming information to the reversely charged toner image with light, a transferring unit that transfers the reversely charged toner image to a surface of a recording medium, a fixing unit that fixes the reversely charged toner image transferred to the surface of the recording medium, and a color forming unit that forms color of the toner image applied with the color forming information, the charged toner including a first component and a second component that are capable of forming the color upon reaction with each other, and are separated from each other in the toner, and a photo-curable com

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor, including an electrically conductive substrate, an undercoat layer containing a filler and a binder resin and provided on the substrate, and a photoconductive layer provided on the undercoat layer and containing a binder resin. At least one compound selected from crown ethers, polyalkyleneglycol ethers, polyethyleneglycol monocarboxylic acid esters, polyethyleneglycol dicarboxylic acid esters, and hydroxy-terminated random or block copolymers containing oxypropylene and oxyethylene groups is incorporated into (a) the undercoat layer or (b) into a charge generating layer of the photoconductive layer. In the case of (a), the photoconductive layer is a dried coating of a composition containing at least one solvent selected from cyclic ethers, ketones and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An electrostatic toner image forming method is disclosed. In the method, the photoreceptor comprises a charge generation layer containing an N-type charge generation material and a charge transportation layer containing a charge transportation material and has a thickness of from 5 to 15 ?m; and the toner contains colored particles which have a ratio, Dv50/Dp50, from 1.0 to 1.15 and a ratio, Dv75/Dp75, from 1.0 to 1.20 and the content of particles having a diameter of 0.7×Dp50 is not more than 10 in number, and the reversal development is performed under a condition satisfying the following expression; 50?|E|?100 Expression 1 E: Electrical field intensity applied to the organic photoreceptor during development.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; an undercoat layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate and including titanium oxide which has an average particle diameter greater than 0.05 ?m and less than 0.20 ?m and which includes rutile titanium oxide in an amount of from 10 to 100% by weight based on total weight of the titanium oxide; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the undercoat layer.

Abstract: The image forming method carries out reverse development with a developer that has a toner prepared by agglomerating resin particles in a water based medium.

Abstract: A nonmagnetic black toner comprising a resin binder; and a clorant comprising a composite oxide of two or more metals, wherein the toner has a viscosity at its softening point of from 4.5×103 to 2.3×104 Pa·s. The nonmagnetic black toner can be suitably used for the development of a latent image formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

Abstract: The invention provides an imaging system wherein toners of two or more colors are used to form toner images and the toner images are successively used to form a color image on a recording material. The imaging system can form an image with high transfer efficiency. An electrostatic latent image is formed on an image carrier. Using developing units for two or more colors, images are formed. Then, the images are successively transferred onto an intermediate transfer medium at a transfer voltage fed from a constant-voltage power supply. The developing units are located such that development occurs in descending toner work function order.

Abstract: The image forming method carries out reverse development with a developer that has a toner prepared by agglomerating resin particles in a water based medium.

Abstract: An electrostatic toner image forming method is disclosed. In the method, the photoreceptor comprises a charge generation layer containing an N-type charge generation material and a charge transportation layer containing a charge transportation material and has a thickness of from 5 to 15 &mgr;m; and the toner contains colored particles which have a ratio, Dv50/Dp50, from 1.0 to 1.15 and a ratio, Dv75/Dp75, from 1.0 to 1.20 and the content of particles having a diameter of 0.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic process using an amorphous silicon photosensitive member which has a surface protective layer and effecting reverse development and cleaning with a cleaning blade, the surface moving speed PS (mm/sec) of the photosensitive member is 320 mm/sec or more and a film thickness and a specific resistance value of the surface protective layer are respectively Ds (&mgr;m) and Rs (&OHgr;·cm) which fulfill the following conditions: 1.0×109≦Rs≦1.0×1013 Ds≦−0.136Ln(Rs)+(−0.004×PS+6).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor, including an electrically conductive substrate, an undercoat layer containing a filler and a binder resin and provided on the substrate, and a photoconductive layer provided on the undercoat layer and containing a binder resin. At least one compound selected from crown ethers, polyalkyleneglycol ethers, polyethyleneglycol monocarboxylic acid esters, polyethyleneglycol dicarboxylic acid esters, and hydroxy-terminated random or block copolymers containing oxypropylene and oxyethylene groups is incorporated into (a) the undercoat layer or (b) into a charge generating layer of the photoconductive layer. In the case of (a), the photoconductive layer is a dried coating of a composition containing at least one solvent selected from cyclic ethers, ketones and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A nonmagnetic black toner for reversal development comprising a resin binder; and a black colorant comprising a composite oxide of two or more metals, the composite oxide having an oil absorption per unit area of 0.07 ml/m2 or less. The nonmagnetic black toner can be suitably used for the development of a latent image formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

Abstract: A process for reducing image defects in an electrostatographic image resulting from particulate contamination. A primary imaging member, including a photoconductive element and an outermost layer of silicon carbide, is uniformly charged in an electrostatographic imaging apparatus subject to particulate contamination. The electrostatographic imaging apparatus includes a charging station, an exposing station, at least one developing station, and a transfer station comprising an electrically biased roller transfer assembly. The primary imaging member is exposed imagewise at the exposing station to form a latent image on the imaging member, which is thereafter developed with toner at the developing station to form a developed image on the imaging member.

Abstract: A nonmagnetic black toner comprising a resin binder; and a colorant comprising a composite oxide of two or more metals, wherein the toner has a viscosity at its softening point of from 4.5×103 to 2.3×104 Pa·s. The nonmagnetic black toner can be suitably used for the development of a latent image formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

Abstract: There is disclosed a liquid developing method of a printed wiring board using a one-surface stepwise developing system which forms a resist pattern stepwisely according to an electrophotographic reverse developing method on each surface of a material to be developed obtained by forming photo-conductive layers on both surfaces of a both-surfaces copper-clad laminated board, wherein the method comprises the steps of subjecting to a static charging treatment on a surface to which no electrostatic latent image is formed which surface is positioned opposing to an electrostatic latent image-formed surface which is a surface to be exposed, or to a non-developing surface between completion of an exposure treatment and before a liquid toner developing treatment, and subjecting to the liquid toner developing treatment to form a toner image corresponding to the resist pattern on the electrostatically latent image-formed surface.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having an interlayer between the electrically conductive base body and the photosensitive layer. The electrophotographic photoreceptor an aluminum-evaporated surface and contact potential difference of said interlayer with respect to the aluminum-evaporated surface of the photoreceptor is at least +0.175 V.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing and organic EL panel wherein an organic light emitting material is laminated between a pair of opposing electrodes, at least one of which is transparent or semitransparent, a photosensitive body having a charge generating layer 3 and charge transfer layer 4 is formed on the transparent substrate 2 side, and a latent image is formed by charging and exposing this photosensitive body. Using a powder developer, the exposed portion or unexposed portion thereof is developed, and a separation wall composed of the charged powder developer is formed. Next, a light emitting layer, electron transporting layer, and cathode are uniformly deposited by in vacuo vapor deposition, and after vapor deposition, by removing the developer used in the separation wall by transfer, the laminate of the light emitting layer, electron transporting layer, and cathode is selectively removed therewith, light emitting pattern formation and cathode separation are performed, and pixels are formed.

Abstract: An image forming method is disclosed. In the image forming method after uniformly charging the surface of a latent image forming body, digital exposure corresponding to an image is carried out; a formed electrostatic latent image is subjected to reversal development, employing a developer comprising a toner; and said obtained toner image is transferred onto an image support, and subsequently fixed. The toner is prepared by fusing at least the resin particles in a water based medium.

Abstract: A nonmagnetic black toner for reversal development comprising a resin binder; and a black colorant comprising a composite oxide of two or more metals, the composite oxide having an oil absorption per unit area of 0.07 ml/m2 or less. The nonmagnetic black toner can be suitably used for the development of a latent image formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

Abstract: An image forming method, comprising steps of: forming a toner image on an organic electrophotographic photoreceptor having a siloxane based resin layer as a protective layer with a developer carried on a developing sleeve, wherein a distance Dsd (&mgr;m) between the organic electrophotographic photoreceptor and the developing sleeve and a thickness t (&mgr;m) of the protective layer of the organic electrophotographic photoreceptor satisfy formula (1): 35t+400<Dsd  (1)

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor has an electroconductive support, and an undercoat layer and a photoconductive layer which are successively overlaid on the support, the undercoat layer containing an inorganic pigment and a crosslinked N-alkoxymethylated polyamide or a crosslinked material of an N-alkoxymethylated polyamide and a melamine resin as a binder resin. The method of producing the photoconductor is also disclosed. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus is provided with the aforementioned photoconductor, a charging unit, and a developing unit. A process cartridge is provided with the photoconductor, and at least one of a charging unit, a light exposure unit, a developing unit, or an image transfer unit. An electrophotographic image forming process has the steps of forming a latent electrostatic image on the photoconductor, and developing the latent electrostatic image to a visible image by reversal development.

Abstract: A toner is proposed which includes toner particles and a fluidity-imparting agent and have such characteristics that the toner particles has an average circularity of 0.93 to 0.97, and that a residue of the toner is in an amount of 10 mg or less when 100 g of the toner is sieved with a 500-mesh sieve, which toner is for use in an electrophotographic image formation method using an intermediate image transfer method. A full-color image formation method, using this toner, and an image formation apparatus in which this toner is used are also proposed.

Abstract: An image forming method, comprising steps of: forming a toner image on an organic electrophotographic photoreceptor having a siloxane based resin layer as a protective layer with a developer carried on a developing sleeve, wherein a distance Dsd (&mgr;m) between the organic electrophotographic photoreceptor and the developing sleeve and a thickness t (&mgr;m) of the protective layer of the organic electrophotographic photoreceptor satisfy formula (1):

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming process includes the steps of charging, light exposure, reversal development, and image transfer, using a photoconductor having an electroconductive support, and a photo-conductive layer formed thereon, with a residual solvent being contained in the photoconductor, and the electrophotographic photoconductor showing a residual potential change ratio of 200% or less, a sensitivity change ratio of 30% or less, and an electrostatic capacity change ratio of 30% or less. The photoconductor for use with the above-mentioned image forming process is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cylindrical electrophotoreceptor is disclosed. The layer thickness decreasing amount &Dgr;Hd (in &mgr;m) is 0≦&Dgr;Hd<5×10−6 per rotation and residual potential variation amount per cm2 is 0≦&Dgr;Vr<100 (in V) for 1 A of an electric current generated by charging and exposure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a phthalocyanine compound as an electric charge generating material, a hole transferring material and an electron transferring material in a binder resin, and that a difference in absolute value between a plus polarity sensitivity and a minus polarity sensitivity measured under the conditions of an exposure wavelength of 780 nm and an exposure energy of 1.0 &mgr;J/cm2 is not more than 500 V, and a reversal development type digital image forming apparatus using the electrophotosensitive material, which does not include a charge neutralizing step.

Abstract: With the object of providing an imaging method that eliminates the occurrence of transfer ghosts, saves space and lowers costs, and by which image density irregularities do not arise, an imaging method utilized in a reverse-transfer system is disclosed. The reverse-transfer system is provided with, in order going round a photosensitive conductor 1, at least a main-charging stage 2, an exposure stage 3, a reverse-developing stage 4, a transfer stage 5, a separation stage 6 and a charge-stripping stage 7. The separation stage 6 applies a separation shift-bias voltage to the photosensitive conductor 1 surface. The separation shift-bias voltage is 1 kV or more, and is of the same polarity as that of the main-charging voltage that the main-charging stage 2 applies to the photosensitive conductor 1 surface. Making the separation shift-bias voltage 1 kV or more prevents transfer ghosts, and obtains images with a satisfactory absence of image density irregularities.

Abstract: In a developing method of exposing the surface of a charged image carrying member to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the image carrying member, while conveying a developer containing toners and carriers to a developing region opposite to the image carrying member having the electrostatic latent image formed thereon by a developer conveying member, and applying at least an AC voltage between the image carrying member and the developer conveying member in the developing region, to develop the electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrying member, the relationship among an initial surface potential V0 at the image carrying member, a surface potential Vir at an exposed portion of the image carrying member, a peak-to-peak value Vp-p of the AC voltage applied between the image carrying member and the developer conveying member in the developing region, and a distance Ds (mm) between the image carrying member and the developer conveying member in the developing region satisfies the foll

Abstract: A magnetic toner for use in electrophotographic development which can be endowed with high performance by subjecting it to surface treatment with hot air in its dispersed state. The magnetic toner is used in an electrophotographic system including a development process in which an electrostatic latent image is formed by using a photoconductive drum having a stationary magnet therein, and thereafter the magnetic toner is sucked in a toner sump by magnetic force, whereby non-image area toner is recovered by an electrode roller, and the electrophotographic system including a recycle process of the residual toner. The magnetic toner is capable of realizing high-quality image development and stable recycle of residual toner by subjecting the magnetic toner to surface treatment with hot air.

Abstract: A crystalline titanyl phthalocyanine having diffraction peaks at least at 7.4.degree., 9.4.degree., 9.7.degree. and 27.3.degree. of Bragg angle (20.+-.0.2.degree.) in X-ray diffraction pattern with a doublet peak at 9.4.degree. or 9.7.degree., one of the diffraction peaks at 9.4.degree. and 9.7.degree. being the maximum.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing triboelectrically generated background development on a photoconductive primary image member bearing an electrostatic latent image pattern including background portions. In an electrophotographic black and white or color copier/printer, the primary image member is moved through a development zone. The image member includes a photoconductive element and a thin protective overcoat layer, the overcoat layer being between 0.1 .mu.m and 15 .mu.m in thickness and of a composition having between about 0.1% and about 10% by weight of a material that is an ionic conducting material and containing an electronegative group. The latent electrostatic image pattern is formed on the overcoat layer. Electrographic developer includes hard magnetic carrier particles and electrically insulative toner particles and moves through the development zone in contacting developing relation with the electrostatic charge pattern.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for developing a image from an electrostatic latent image formed on an image portion of a latent image carrier which is charged to a predetermined potential includes the steps of: supplying to a toner carrier member, toner comprising toner base particles, a first additive constituted by fine particles, and a second additive constituted by fine particles, wherein respective potentials of the toner carrier member, the toner base particles, the first additive and the second additive have a predetermined triboelectric series; using the predetermined triboelectric series to transfer the toner from the toner carrier member to the image portion of the latent image carrier; and developing the image from the transferred toner.

Abstract: An image forming method comprising;a charging step of electrostatically charging a photosensitive member;an exposure step of exposing the charged photosensitive member to form an electrostatic latent image;a developing step of bringing a toner carried on a developer carrying member, into contact with the surface of the photosensitive member to develop the electrostatic latent image to form a toner image on the photosensitive member;a transfer step of transferring the toner image formed on the photosensitive member, to a transfer medium; anda cleaning-at-development step of collecting the toner remaining on the photosensitive member after the transfer step, onto the developer carrying member;a wherein;the surface of said photosensitive member has a contact angle with water of 85.degree. or greater;said toner contains residual monomers in an amount not more than 1,000 ppm; andsaid toner has a shape factor SF-1 of from 100 to 180 and a shape factor SF-2 of from 100 to 140.

Abstract: A developing method using negative toner, constituted by a toner carrier 1 and toner so that triboelectric series of the toner carrier 1, a toner base particle 3 and a surface additives 2 have a relationship in which the toner carrier 1, the surface additives 2 and the toner base particle 3 are arranged in this order from the plus side.

Abstract: The disclosure describes an electrophotographic copying process for reversal development using a laminate-type electrophotographic photoreceptor having laminated on an electroconductive support a charge generation layer containing a phthalocyanine compound and a charge transport layer, and capable of forming plural copies of image, comprising at least charging step, image exposing step, developing step, transferring step and charge erasing step by light, wherein the charge erasure by light is not conducted in image formation by the first rotation of photoreceptor and is conducted in image formation by the second and succeeding rotations of photoreceptor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making a printed circuit board which comprises providing a photoconductive layer by electrodeposition method on a metal conductive layer provided on at least one side of an electrically insulating substrate, forming a toner image on said photoconductive layer by electrophotographic process, then dissolving and removing the area of the photoconductive layer not covered by the toner using a printer and optionally etching the surface of the area of the substrate from which the photoconductive layer has been removed. According to this method, by employing especially the electrophotographic reversal development, a printed circuit board of excellent sensitivity and high resolution can be produced even from both-side copper-clad laminate sheets having through-holes of a high aspect ratio using an exposure source of low energy such as semiconductor laser.

Abstract: The developing method of the present invention is carried out by providing a developing means comprising a non-magnetic sleeve and a permanent magnet member stationary inside the non-magnetic sleeve at a position opposing an image-bearing member having an electrostatic latent image on the surface, thereby forming a developing region; causing a developer to be magnetically attracted onto a surface of the non-magnetic sleeve, the developer comprising magnetic toner consisting of a binder resin and magnetic powder and capable of being charged at a particular polarity and a magnetic carrier having a relatively large conductivity; and rotating the non-magnetic sleeve to convey the developer to the developing region, thereby developing the electrostatic latent image with the magnetic toner. The non-magnetic sleeve is rotated in the same direction as the image-bearing member in the developing region at a ratio of a surface moving velocity (V.sub.1) of the non-magnetic sleeve to a surface moving velocity (V.sub.

Abstract: A developing method using negative toner, constituted by a toner carrier 1 and toner so that triboelectric series of the toner carrier 1, a toner base particle 3 and a surface additives 2 have a relationship in which the toner carrier 1, the surface additives 2 and the toner base particle 3 are arranged in this order from the plus side.

Abstract: The present invention provides a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a phthalocyanine compound as an electric charge generating material, a hole transferring material and an electron transferring material in a binder resin, and that a difference in absolute value between a plus polarity sensitivity and a minus polarity sensitivity measured under the conditions of an exposure wavelength of 780 nm and an exposure energy of 1.0 ?J/cm2 is not more than 500 V, and a reversal development type digital image forming apparatus using the electrophotosensitive material, which does not include a charge neutralizing step.

Abstract: The present invention provides a single-layer type electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a phthalocyanine compound as an electric charge generating material, a hole transferring material and an electron transferring material in a binder resin, and that a difference in absolute value between a plus polarity sensitivity and a minus polarity sensitivity measured under the conditions of an exposure wavelength of 780 nm and an exposure energy of 1.0 ?J/cm2 is not more than 500 312 V, and a reversal development type digital image forming apparatus using the electrophotosensitive material, which does not include a charge neutralizing step.