Abstract: A member for developing electrostatic latent images to visible images is disclosed, which comprises a support, a first coating layer comprising an elastic material formed on the support, and a second coating layer comprising a flexible resin formed on the first coating layer.

Abstract: A toning method and member for electrostatography wherein a recording member containing information on its image bearing surface in the form of electrostatic latent images of one polarity is toned by attracting to such latent images toner material of opposite polarity including providing a carrier or toning member according to the invention containing on at least one surface thereof a dry pre-toner coating; activating such pre-toner coating with an insulative solvent to thereby solvate and confer opposite polarity to such pre-toner coating contained thereon while rendering such pre-toner coating releasable from the carrier member; establishing virtual contact between the activated and releasable pre-toner coating on the carrier member and the image bearing surface of the recording member; transferring the pre-toner coating in image configuration onto the recording member by attraction to the latent images to form toner deposits thereon; and separating the carrier member from the recording member.

Abstract: Disclosed in an image-forming process which comprises arranging two electrode surfaces, at least one having a curvature face and at least the other being transparent, to confront each other, forming a layer of a photosensitive toner on one of the electrode surfaces, applying a bias voltage so that the polarity of the toner layer-supporting electrode surface is the same as the polarity of charges on the toner and the polarity of the confronting electrode surface is reverse to the polarity of charges on the toner, irradiating the toner layer with light at a part where both the electrode surfaces are contacted with each other through the photosensitive toner layer, and transferring the unexposed toner toward the confronting electrode surface.

Abstract: A method for developing electrostatic latent images on the surface of a photosensitive drum uses a one-component developer. The developer has an amount of triboelectric charge within the range of about 30-100 .mu.m c/m.sup.2, and a true specific gravity of at least about 1.2. The developer can be sufficiently moved to the electrostatic latent image so as to prevent fogging of developed images and to consistently obtain developed images of good quality.

Abstract: A triboelectrically chargeable composition for use in development of electrostatic latent images. The composition contains an organotin oxide represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different groups selected from cycloalkyl groups, substituted cycloalkyl groups, aralkyl groups and substituted aralkyl groups. The composition is embodied typically as a positively chargeable toner and also as a charge-imparting material for charging a toner.

Abstract: A method for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising, a step of supplying a developer containing a carrier and a toner, said toner consisting of fine toner particles of which not less than 95% by weight have a particle size of from 1/1.7 to 1.7 times as large as the weight average size of the toner particles (D.sub.50), to the outer circumfence of a cylinder-shaped sleeve member of a developer transporting means, a step of forming a thin layer of said developer on the surface of said sleeve member by the use of a layer thickness regulating member so that the maximum thickness of the developer layer is smaller than the minimum distance between the surface of said sleeve member and the surface of said electrostatic latent image carrying member, a step of carrying said developer to close proximity of the electrostatic latent image formed on said electrostatic larent image carrying member, and a step of forming a toner image on said electrostatic latent image carrying member is disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging process. The process utilizes a disposable photoconductor and develops the photoconductor in fresh toner. The toner is packaged in a pod to protect its freshness and dispense a predetermined quantity of toner. The toner contains a one-shot application, but the process may be repeated for various colors. In the process, a charge plate is exposed to form a latent image, or a pre-exposed plate is charged to form a latent image. The latent image is contacted with toner released from the pod onto a development electrode. A cleanup electrode is provided for excess toner and the image is subsequently transferred to a substrate to produce a print, or the image is fixed on the photoconductor to make a lithographic, di-litho or letterpress plate.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a developer supplying member such as a developing sleeve for use in the developing device of a copying apparatus. The developer supplying member of the invention is coated with an overcoat layer comprising an amorphous carbon film formed by plasma polymerization with a glow discharge method and containing fluorine.Further, the overcoat layer comprises an organic polymerized film formed by causing glow discharge using at least one compound selected from the group consisting of fluorine incorporating methacrylate, fluorine incorporating acrylate and fluoroalkylsilane.

Abstract: A developing method wherein an oscillating electric field is formed in a development area between an image retainer; and a developer feeding carrier of a composite developer containing a chargeable component, and the oscillating waveform of the oscillating electric field is varied to provide an adjustment of the development performance. Preferably, the oscillating electric field is an alternating electric field. The oscillating waveform is modified by varying the amplitude, bias, selection time for a time-selected waveform transformation, or frequency thereof.

Abstract: A charging method of an electrostatic image developer which makes it possible to electrically charge an insulating one-component developer or a two-component developer consisting of a toner and a carrier to a desired charged state and which comprises introducing the developer into a charging space between a pair of sheet-like charging members opposing each other in which space an alternating field is formed, and oscillating the developer by means of the alternating field for charging it. A developing method of a non-contact or contact system which develops the electrostatic image by use of the developer charged electrically by the above-mentioned charging method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the development of an electrostatic image on a recording surface by supplying liquid developer comprising positively or negatively charged toner particles dispersed in an electrically insulating non-polar carrier liquid to a developing zone where increments of the electrostatic image are succesively developed by attraction or toner particles to a recording layer, e.g., photoconductive coating (3), in a distribution depending on the distribution of charges forming said electrostatic image, wherein the liquid developer is supplied, e.g. with ink-jet (7), to the developing zone so that in course of the period over which the development of the complete electrostatic image takes place, said developer is made available at that zone in a distribution pattern which constitutes a lower resolution version of the electrostatic image to be developed, each increment of said pattern being brought directly opposite the corresponding increment of the electrostatic image.

Abstract: A developing method comprising disposing an electrostatic latent image holding body and a development electrode carrying a toner layer opposite to each other with a gap therebetween and transferring the toner from the development electrode to the electrostatic latent image holding body across the gap to develop the electrostatic latent image. A toner carrying layer of a resistive material having the specific resistance of 10.sup.6 to 10.sup.12 .OMEGA..cm is formed over the development electrode opposite to the electrostatic latent image holding body and a fringing field is formed in part of the electrostatic latent image holding body corresponding to the latent image formed over the electrostatic latent image holding body by applying a high-frequency alternating electric field to the development electrode and thereby causing the toner adhere to the electrostatic latent image holding body in the form of the electrostatic latent image.

Abstract: A process for developing a latent image with a developer is provided which comprises(1) forming a layer of a developer comprising a magnetic toner containing magnetic powder having a BET specific surface area of 2 to 20 m.sup.2 /g on a member for supporting the developer,(2) bringing an electrophotographic photosensitive member holding the latent image into contact with said developer layer, said electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising an organic photoconductive material having a surface hardness more than 10 g,(3) forming a toner image on said electrophotographic photosensitive member,(4) transferring the toner image onto the transfer material, and(5) cleaning the electrophotographic photosensitive member having passed through the transferring step with a cleaning member. Said developer may alternatively comprises magnetic particles containing a binder and magnetic powder having a BET specific surface area of 2 to 20 m.sup.

Abstract: A charging method of an electrostatic image developer which makes it possible to electrically charge an insulating one-component developer or a two-component developer consisting of a toner and a carrier to a desired charged state and which comprises introducing the developer into a charging space between a pair of sheet-like charging members opposing each other in which space an alternating field is formed, and oscillating the developer by means of the alternating field for charging it. A developing method of a non-contact or contact system which develops the electrostatic image by use of the developer charged electrically by the above-mentioned charging method.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrostatic developing method for a copier, a printer or the like, and more particularly to a developing method using a one-component developer. This invention can prevent inverse electrification of the developer, which is one of the main causes of producing foggy and a fringed images, by forming the developer into a very thin layer with a doctor blade and the like, can obtain a sharp and fine image by pressing a developer holder to a latent image holder and impressing an AC bias between them, can prevent the fringe image by eliminating the unnecessary developer which adheres to the latent image holder, and can realize a high-speed development without complicated apparatus.

Abstract: A method for forming an image wherein a latent image is produced on an image retainer and the latent image is developed by a plurality of different color toners. The developing is carried out by non-contact manner while an a.c. electric field is being applied in and after at least the second color development. The developed images of different colors are transferred to a transfer medium at a time.

Abstract: A developer unit for use in connection with an electrophotographic printer is disclosed. Toner is provided to the developer unit by means of a disposable cartridge so that maintenance requirements are significantly reduced. The developer includes a sensing circuit which measures the inductance of the toner/carrier mix and controls the rate at which toner is introduced into the toner carrier mix.

Abstract: An electrostatographic method and apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image on an imaging surface, comprises a charging doner member which is preferably a rotatably mounted roll closely spaced from the imaging surface at one portion and having a housing means to be filled with toner positioned adjacent the doner member at another portion together with a web screen located in the housing and adapted to contact the donor member on the portion of its surface opposite the imaging member; the donor member having a surface comprising an active polymer having a basic amine moiety whereby when the donor roll is rotated the rubbing contact between the toner, the screen means and the donor member produces negatively charged toner particles. In a preferred embodiment the active polymer having a basic amine moiety is selected from poly(2-vinylpyridine), poly(4-vinylpyridine), polyvinylpyrolidone, poly (dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) and the toner includes a minor amount of fumed silica additive.

Abstract: A method for forming a thin layer of one-component non-magnetic developer on the surface of a developer carrying member in a dry type developing device using one-component non-magnetic developer. The non-magnetic developer is supplied to the surface of the developer carrying member, a magnetic blade is disposed with a clearance to the surface of the developer carrying member, and a stationary magnet is disposed across the developer carrying member from the magnetic blade and upstream of the magnetic blade with respect to the direction of movement of the developer carrying member to confine the magnetic particles if formed between the magnet and the magnetic blade. The developer carrying member with the developer is moved past the confined magnetic particles to form a thin layer of dry one-component non-magnetic developer on the surface of the developer carrying member.

Abstract: A method for applying a toner comprising: forming, in a container containing a toner and magnetic particles for application of the toner, a magnetic brush of the magnetic particles; circulating the magnetic particles in the container; and forming a thin layer of the toner electrically charged on the toner carrying member; wherein the magnetic particles have a particle size distribution of 30 wt. % or more in the range of 150 to 200 mesh and 5 wt. % or less of under 250 mesh, and the weight ratio of the toner to the magnetic particles is from 5:95 to 50:50 in the region where the magnetic brush is formed.

Abstract: A method for applying a toner comprising: forming, in a container containing a toner and magnetic particles for application of the toner, a magnetic brush of the magnetic particles; circulating the magnetic particles in the container; forming a thin layer of the toner electrically charged on the toner carrying member, wherein the magnetic particles have been treated with a substance A having a position opposite to that of the toner in the triboelectric series with the material constituting at least the surface of the toner carrying member as the standard substance and with a substance B having a position between the substance A and the toner in the triboelectric series.

Abstract: Disclosed is a developing apparatus and process for the liquid development of electrostatic charge images on an image carrier material. The developing apparatus includes a device for spraying a liquid developer onto the image carrier material to be developed, and a developing electrode connected to a direct-current voltage source. The developing electrode comprises an electrically conductive web positioned in operative relationship to the image carrier layer, the web is unwound from a supply roll and wound up on a take-up roll, the distance of the web-shaped developing electrode from the surface of the image carrier material being adjustable by means of at least one guide roll.

Abstract: A pressure-fixable capsule toner for electrophotography having characteristics such as good combination of fixability and durability and also a stable charge controlling characteristic is provided. The core materials typically are of polyethylene or paraffin wax. The shell material is a vinyl polymer characterized by low molecular weight distribution represented by a ratio of weight-average molecular weight/number average molecular weight of not larger than 3.5. The vinyl polymer is preferably a copolymer of styrene or a derivative thereof and a tertiary amino-group containing vinyl monomer.

Abstract: A method for coating of a developer comprises using a device having a vessel for storing a non-magnetic developer and magnetic particles, a developer holding member which conveys with rotation the non-magnetic developer to a latent image bearing member, a regulating member positioned on the side of the outlet of the above vessel for feeding the non-magnetic developer and arranged on the developer holding member with a gap formed therebetween, and a magnetic pole arranged on the side opposite to the regulating member through the intermediary developer holding member for forming a magnetic brush with the magnetic particles on the upstream side of the regulating member on the developer outlet side of said vessel; andforming a thin layer of the non-magnetic developer on the developer holding member, said magnetic particles having a magnetization of 30 emu/g or higher in the external magnetic field of 5000 oersted.

Abstract: A thin layer of triboelectrically charged toner for developing an electrostatic latent image is formed by forming a magnetic brush of magnetic particles in a container containing the toner and the magnetic particles, and circulating the magnetic brush in the container on a toner carrying member. In this case, a uniform layer of toner adapted for development is obtained, if the magnetic particles have specific shape characteristics such that, where each magnetic particle is assumed to be circumscribed with a rectangular parallelopiped having edge length of a, b and c satisfying a.gtoreq.b.gtoreq.c with the proviso that all of a, b and c are not the same, the average of b/a is from 0.4 to 1.0 and the average of c/a is from 0.4 to 0.95.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an improved process for causing the development of electrostatic latent images on an imaging member comprising providing a development zone situated between a tensioned deflected flexible imaging member and a transporting member, adding conductive developer particles to the development zone comprised of toner particles and conductive magnetic carrier particles, causing the flexible imaging member to move at a speed of from about 5 cm/sec to about 80 cm/sec, causing the transporting member to move at a speed of from about 6 cm/sec to about 160 cm/sec, said flexible member and said transporting member moving at different speeds, maintaining a distance between the tensioned deflected flexible imaging member and the transporting member of from about 0.05 millimeters to about 1.

Abstract: A method for developing electric latent images with a triboelectrified toner without use of carrier particles therefor comprises using as a member for imparting triboelectric charges to said toner, a member containing at least on the surface at least one kind selected from poly (phenylene oxide); polycarbonate, styrene type resin, silicone resin, polymer of vinyl ester type monomer, silane compound, and polyethersulfone. Also, an apparatus for developing electric latent images comprises a toner-holding member, a means for supplying a toner to said toner-holding member and a means for moving said toner-holding member and supplying said toner to a portion for development of the electric latent images; in which at least the surface of said toner-holding member contains at least one kind selected from poly (phenylene oxide), polycarbonate, styrene type resin, silicone resin, polymer of vinyl ester type monomer, silane compound, and polyethersulfone.

Abstract: A color recording method wherein equal amounts of photoconductive toner particles of three primary colors are uniformly mixed and applied as a layer on a doner member. Optical color images are projected onto this layer, thereby selectively decreasing the resistivities of the toner particles in patterns corresponding to the optical color images. Simultaneously or immediately thereafter there is applied a voltage thereacross, thereby selectively injecting charge into the photoconductive toner particles with decreased electric resistivities to form a charge distribution in the mixed toner layer corresponding to the projected optical color images. Using the charge distribution formed in the mixed toner layer, color recording is then performed by transferring the toner particles to a recording sheet in accordance with the charge distribution.

Abstract: An electrostatic image is developed by selectively extracting colored grains of one polarity from a mixture containing colored grains having opposite polarity to each other in the presence of an alternating field followed by development of the electrostatic image by the selectively extracted colored grains.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a developing method for electrophotography in which an insulating magnetic toner contacts an electrostatic image carrier to develop an electrostatic latent image. A magnetic bias is applied to restrain movement of the magnetic toner toward the image carrier and an alternating electric field is applied to the toner, all subject to the condition V/d.gtoreq.0.1.nu. in which V represents the effective voltage impressed upon the toner, d represents the clearance in millimeters between the image carrier and a developing sleeve, and .nu. represents the frequency in kilohertz of the alternating electric field.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method of toner transfer development in which a low frequency alternating electrical bias is applied to the space between a latent image bearing member and a developer carrying member to develop the latent image on the latent image bearing member, and an apparatus for carrying out the same method. This bias has a first stage in which one-sided movement of developer particles from the developer carrying member to the image area of the latent image bearing member may take place, a second stage in which reciprocal movement of developer particles is effected between both the image and non-image areas of the latent image bearing member and the developer carrying member, and a third stage in which the intensity of the bias is reduced so that one-sided movement of developer particles from the developer carrying member to the image area and one-sided movement of developer particles from the non-image area to the developer carrying member may take place.

Abstract: A charging method of an electrostatic image developer which makes it possible to electrically charge an insulating one-component developer or a two-component developer consisting of a toner and a carrier to a desired charged state and which comprises introducing the developer into a charging space between a pair of sheet-like charging members opposing each other in which space an alternating field is formed, and oscillating the developer by means of the alternating field for charging it. A developing method of a non-contact or contact system which develops the electrostatic image by use of the developer charged electrically by the above-mentioned charging method.

Abstract: An electrographic development process wherein an electrically charged developer comprising electrically conductive particles with a volume resistivity of 10.sup.9 .OMEGA.cm or less and toner particles with a volume resistivity of 10.sup.12 .OMEGA.cm or more, with the mixing ratio of the respective particles being from 1:99 to 40:60, is brought into contact, or proximity, with a latent electrostatic image with a polarity opposite to that of the electrically charged developer, and the latent electrostatic image is developed to a visible image by the developer, through the steps of supplying the developer to a developer doner member; forming a developer layer thereon with a thickness ranging from 150 .mu.m to 300 .mu.m; subjecting the developer to charge injection to a potential ranging from -150 V to -500 V; and supplying the developer to a latent electrostatic image bearing member for development of the latent electrostatic image thereon.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method of toner transfer development in which a low frequency alternating electrical bias is applied to the space between a latent image bearing member and a developer carrying member to develop the latent image on the latent image bearing member, and an apparatus for carrying out the same method. This bias has a first process in which reciprocal movement of developer particles is effected also between the non-image area of the latent image bearing member and the developer carrying member, and a second process in which the intensity of the bias is adjusted so that one-sided movement of developer particles from the developer carrying member to the image area and one-sided movement of developer particles from the non-image area to the developer carrying member may take place.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process and apparatus for causing the development of electrostatic latent images, the process comprising providing a development zone encompassed by a tensioned deflected flexible imaging member and a transporting member, causing the deflected flexible imaging member to move at a speed of from about 5 cm/sec to about 50 cm/sec, causing the transporting member to move at a speed of from about 6 cm/sec to about 100 cm/sec, said deflected flexible imaging member and said transporting member moving at different speeds, maintaining a distance between the flexible imaging member and the transporting member of from about 0.05 millimeters to about 1.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for developing magnetic latent image, wherein a toner bearing member holding thereon a magnetic toner having an electric charge in a particular polarity is brought closer to a magnetic latent image bearing member, and an alternating electric field is acted across the magnetic latent image bearing member and the toner bearing member to cause the toner to reciprocate between these members to visualize the magnetic latent image by the magnetic force of attraction.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to a dry transfer imaging technique comprising electrophotographic deposition of an image onto the rear side of a carrier sheet, said carrier sheet being further characterized by being adhesive to the image deposited thereupon; contacting said image-bearing rear side of said carrier sheet with an exterior surface and applying pressure to the front side of said carrier sheet, whereby transfer of said image to said exterior surface is effectuated.The carrier sheets which are adhesive to the deposited image form a part of the invention. In addition, novel colorless toners have been developed which, when deposited upon the image bearing carrier sheet, enhance the adherability of said image to the exterior surface.

Abstract: A developing apparatus as used in copying machine etc. having a rotary sleeve and a magnetic field generating means arranged in the inside thereof, forming toner gain layer on the surface of the rotary sleeve, and developing the electrostatic images on the electrostatic image holding body by bringing the sleeve surface near the electrostatic image holding body, in which the electrostatic image areas on said electrostatic image holding body and passed through the neighborhood of the magnetic poles of the generating means of magnetic fields different in polarity which and arranged, adjacent to each other, in said sleeve which faces said electrostatic image holding body to develop said electrostatic images and then to remove the fog by using the magnetic pole reverse in polarity to the developing magnetic pole.

Abstract: A novel image forming method comprises the steps of providing a thin layer of magnetic developer particles on the surface of a developer supporting member, imagewise applying ions onto the thin layer in the presence of a magnetic field and imagewise transferring the developer particles onto the surface of another member.

Abstract: Dry toner transfer development of latent electrostatic images is achieved by bringing a developer donor into close proximity to the imaged areas, the donor surface bearing raised microelements of "boat" shape for self-spacing the donor surface from the image surface during development.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method of toner transfer development in which one-component magnetic developer is conveyed to a developing position by the action of a magnetic field and a low frequency alternating electrical bias is applied to the space between a latent image bearing member and a developer carrying member at that position to thereby develop a latent image. This development provides visible images excellent in sharpness and tone reproduction.

Abstract: In the development of nonuniform latent images on an imaging member, wherein xerographic polar or polarizable toner particles are employed, it is desirable to utilize a development system that will bring the polar or polarizable toner into contact with the latent image without triboelectrically charging the particles and permitting use of nonmagnetic particles when the image is electrostatic and without demagnetizing the latent image when it is magnetic. To achieve this aim, a dielectric brush having convergent electrostatic fields is disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: Composition of matter for electrostatic image development and a method for developing therewith an electrostatic charge pattern of positive charge, wherein the composition consists of powder particles containing at least 80% by weight of a mixture of at least 30% by weight of:a polyester derived from fumaric acid or a mixture of fumaric acid and isophthalic acid wherein the fumaric acid represents at least 95 mole % of the acids and a polyol blend of propoxylated bisphenol characterized by the formula: ##STR1## wherein m and n are integers with the proviso that the average sum of m and n is from 2 to 7, and either or both ofa copolymer of ethylene, maleic acid and/or maleic anhydride wherein from 50 to 70 mol % of ethylene repeating units are present, anda wax of the group consisting of castor wax and montan wax.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and composition for developing an electric field image associated with the surface of an object by disposing said surface close to but out of contact with a surface of a liquid developer at a development zone. An electric field is in the configuration of an image. The magnitude of the electric field, and the distance between the surface of the object and the liquid surface at the development zone are such that at the development zone the electric field at or approaching the zone, with or without the assistance of an external electric field, segmentally raises closely spaced tiny amorphous (individually non-image-defining) pseudopods from the liquid developer surface toward the surface of the object. The pseudopods rise from the liquid surface under the influence of a segment of the electric field image and the tips of the pseudopods and/or droplets separated from these tips arrive at the surface of the object under the influence of the same field.

Abstract: Electrostatic latent images are developed by closely positioning a developer carrying member having on a surface a developer composed of fine particles containing an organic semiconductor and being insulating at a normal state adjacent to an electrostatic latent image bearing surface in such a manner that the surface provided with the developer of the developer carrying member facaes the electrostatic latent image bearing surface, and thereby electric charges which are opposite in polarity to the electric charges of the electrostatic latent images being injected into the developer from the developer carrying member by an electric field formed between the electrostatic latent image bearing surface and the developer carrying member and the electrostatic latent images being developed by the developer.